Deck 32: Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Question 1

After eating a large meal of pasta, an individual's blood sugar levels are elevated. In response to this, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels drop to the normal level, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. This is an example of

A) a positive feedback loop.
B) a negative feedback loop.
C) acid- base imbalance.
D) reactions between carbon monoxide and acids.
E) energy being made into proteins.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Blood is a type of _ _ tissue.

A) muscle
B) epithelial
C) endothelial
D) connective
E) nerve

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The mucus that traps dust particles in the lungs is produced by

A) adipose tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) epithelial tissue.
D) endocrine glands.
E) connective tissue.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The lining of the respiratory system is composed of tissue.

A) adipose
B) epithelial
C) muscle
D) nerve
E) connective

Question 5

One biological example of a positive feedback system is

A) mammalian birth.
B) temperature regulation.
C) water balance.
D) blood pH levels.

Question 6

The lining of the trachea is formed from tissue.

A) nerve
B) connective
C) muscle
D) undifferentiated
E) epithelial

Question 7

What is the primary reason internal homeostasis must be maintained?

A) Wide swings in the internal environment interfere with normal metabolic reactions.
B) Enzymes must retain their correct three- dimensional structure.
C) Homeostasis prevents the wasting of stockpiles of coenzymes.
D) Most organisms have not evolved mechanisms to control positive feedback systems.
E) Unregulated variations cause the cells' DNA to mutate.

Question 8

What happens if homeostasis is NOT maintained?

A) Cells begin dividing uncontrollably.
B) Cellular metabolism is unchanged.
C) Organisms stop using negative feedback loops.
D) Organisms function better.
E) Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.

Question 9

Hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. This is an example of a(n)

A) negative feedback loop.
B) positive feedback loop.
C) electrochemical mechanism.
D) controlling mechanism.
E) uncontrolled mechanism.

Question 10

Most body systems maintain homeostasis through systems.

A) redundant
B) negative feedback
C) monitoring
D) alternating
E) positive feedback

Question 11

Which tissue is characterized by a basement membrane and a single layer of flattened cells with a free surface?

A) Muscle tissue
B) Simple epithelium
C) Connective tissue
D) Undifferentiated tissue
E) Stratified epithelium

Question 12

Similar cells that perform a particular function are known as

A) organ systems.
B) tissues.
C) organisms.
D) organs.

Question 13

In stratified epithelium, such as the epidermis of the skin, cell division occurs

A) throughout all the layers.
B) in the cells at the base layer only.
C) in the basement membrane only.
D) in the surface cell layer only.

Question 14

What is a gland?

A) A group of cells that replaces the stomach lining every few days
B) A special connection between muscle cells
C) The functional unit of the skeletal system
D) A type of tissue that makes cartilage
E) A cluster of epithelial or nervous cells that release a secretion

Question 15

In humans, the body needs to maintain oxygen levels within narrow homeostatic ranges. If the blood oxygen level drops below that range, the body responds by

A) using positive feedback to raise the oxygen level.
B) using negative feedback loops to further lower the oxygen level.
C) using negative feedback loops to return the oxygen level to normal.
D) using positive feedback to further lower the oxygen level.
E) setting this lower oxygen level as the new normal.

Question 16

In the description of homeostasis, the term dynamic constancy refers to

A) a disregarded theory that suggested there were no external energy requirements to maintain cell homeostasis.
B) the fact that even though physical and chemical changes do occur, conditions are kept within a range.
C) the use of ATP to initiate a cascade effect.
D) the direct interaction of each positive feedback system with its corresponding negative feedback system.
E) a constant movement toward equilibrium.

Question 17

Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?

A) Cerebral cortex
B) Hypothalamus
C) Reflexive skeletal muscles
D) Autonomic nervous system
E) Positive feedback systems

Question 18

Groups of tissues that function together form a(n)

A) organ.
B) individual.
C) gland.
D) organ system.
E) system.

Question 19

The basement membrane in epithelial tissue

A) is the layer that contains the dividing cells.
B) provides strength and support.
C) transmits nervous stimuli.
D) contracts to move the skin.
E) waterproofs the epithelium.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A) A hummingbird maintaining a constant internal body temperature
B) A person altering her breathing rate to keep blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45
C) The kidney retaining water when the organism becomes dehydrated
D) Stress altering the normal menstrual cycle, which delays menstruation, thereby causing more stress

Question 21

When you move your fingers to turn the page, you are using the nervous system and

A) adipose tissue.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) simple epithelium.
D) endocrine glands.
E) cardiac muscle.

Question 22

Which tissue is in direct contact with the external environment of an animal?

A) Muscle
B) Epithelial
C) Connective
D) Nerve
E) Endothelial

Question 23

Widely scattered cells embedded in large amounts of extracellular material composed of randomly arranged collagen fibers make up

A) stratified epithelial tissue.
B) dense connective tissue.
C) adipose tissue.
D) loose connective tissue.
E) cardiac muscle.

Question 24

Which of the following tissues is used for energy storage?

A) Adipose
B) Epithelial
C) Blood
D) Dense connective
E) Cartilage

Question 25

The skin is an example of a(n)

A) organ system.
B) cell.
C) organ.
D) tissue.
E) undifferentiated mass.

Question 26

Which cells are designed to conduct electrical impulses?

A) Glial cells
B) Nerve tissue
C) Adipose cells
D) Connective tissue
E) Skeletal muscle cells

Question 27

How are cardiac and smooth muscles similar?

A) Both have only thin protein filaments.
B) Both are typically under conscious control.
C) Both are connected to bones.
D) Both are involuntary.
E) Both use cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an energy source.

Question 28

The system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

A) circulatory
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) reproductive
E) urinary

Question 29

Hair follicles are a variation of tissue.

A) nerve
B) dense connective
C) muscle
D) loose connective
E) epithelial

Question 30

Which tissue helps endotherms maintain body temperature in cool weather?

A) Adipose
B) Simple epithelium
C) Cartilage
D) Bone
E) Dense connective

Question 31

Cartilage, bone, and blood are examples of _ tissue.

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) undifferentiated
D) muscle
E) nerve

Question 32

In addition to the nervous system, which vertebrate organ system controls physiological processes in animals?

A) Respiratory
B) Skeletal
C) Muscular
D) Reproductive
E) Endocrine

Question 33

The pads that cushion the vertebrae are made of

A) fat.
B) matrix.
C) cartilage.
D) smooth muscle tissue.
E) bone.

Question 34

Which tissue contains large amounts of densely packed collagen fibers that run parallel to each other?

A) Tendons
B) Blood
C) Adipose
D) Lymph
E) Nerve

Question 35

Connective tissues include lymph, ligaments, tendons, and

A) exocrine glands.
B) cartilage.
C) skin cells.
D) cardiac muscle.
E) vessel linings.

Question 36

Which tissue type is most suited to areas of the body in which the cells need continuous replacement to repair damage from daily wear and tear?

A) Nerve
B) Connective
C) Epithelial
D) Muscle

Question 37

Together, the stomach, intestines, mouth, and esophagus form a(n)

A) cell.
B) ectotherm.
C) organ system.
D) tissue.
E) organ.

Question 38

The retina of the eye responds to light, converting it into electrical impulses. The retina is made up of

A) cartilage.
B) simple epithelium.
C) bone.
D) neurons.
E) smooth muscle.

Question 39

Large amounts of extracellular material are characteristic of

A) nervous tissue.
B) simple epithelium.
C) smooth muscle.
D) loose connective tissue.
E) stratified epithelium.

Question 40

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

A) Epithelial
B) Smooth
C) Cardiac
D) Oxygen enriched
E) Skeletal

Question 41

Connective tissues are made up of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the consistency of which can vary from a liquid to a solid.

Question 42

The outer layer of the skin is the dermis.

Question 43

The integumentary system plays a role in temperature regulation.

Question 44

Cardiac muscle requires input from the nervous system to contract.

Question 45

The dermis of the skin is composed of stratified epithelium.

Question 46

An endotherm uses feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.

Question 47

Glial cells provide structural and chemical support to neurons.

Question 48

Maintaining homeostasis requires the coordinated efforts of multiple negative feedback loops.

Question 49

Most of the homeostatic functions in the body are regulated by positive feedback loops.

Question 50

The blood vessels that provide nourishment for the skin cells are located in the dermis only.

Question 51

Because of the freezing temperatures of the deep ocean, all deep- sea fish must be endotherms.

Question 52

The extracellular matrix in dense connective tissue contains large amounts of calcium, which causes the tissue to harden and become solid.

Question 53

The body temperature of an changes to match the temperature of the external environment.

Question 54

Organisms that can maintain a fairly consistent internal body temperature through metabolic reactions are known as .

Question 55

The basement membrane of epithelial tissues produces a waterproof barrier of cells to protect the tissue above it.

Question 56

Hormones are secreted by exocrine glands directly into a body cavity or onto a body surface, rather than being transported by the blood.

Question 57

When an animal's body temperature drops below normal, the body responds to raise the temperature using positive feedback loops.

Question 58

The maintenance of internal conditions within narrow ranges is known as homeostasis.

Question 59

The ability to maintain an internal environment within specific ranges is referred to as .

Question 60

Regardless of the temperature of the environment they find themselves in, endotherms maintain a nearly consistent _ .

Question 61

How do exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands?

Question 62

Cells that store lipids (fats) for long- term energy are found in _ tissue.

Question 63

While sitting in a hot car, your body begins to sweat, which cools the body back down. This illustrates a
feedback loop.

Question 64

Compare the mechanisms that endotherms and ectotherms use to regulate body temperature.

Question 65

The digestive and respiratory tracts contain muscle.

Question 66

Blood is a type of connective tissue that contains fibers and cells suspended in a matrix.

Question 67

glands are a form of epithelial tissue that secretes substances through a duct.

Question 68

epithelium is several cell layers thick and is specialized to withstand wear and tear.

Question 69

Epithelial tissues are attached to the underlying tissue by a noncellular protein layer called the _ membrane.

Question 70

A calcium phosphate matrix is characteristic of _, a specialized connective tissue.

Question 71

Tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in either parallel rows or an irregular meshwork are characteristic of
connective tissue.

Question 72

Bones are connected to other bones by .

Question 73

Glands that lack ducts and use the bloodstream to transport their products are called glands.

Question 74

When the body's response to swelling caused by an insect bite is to release histamine, which causes more swelling and releases more histamine, the organism is using a feedback loop.

Question 75

The matrix in cartilage is made of protein fibers called _ .

Question 76

What are the four major types of tissues?

Question 77

A(n) is made up of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out body functions.

Question 78

Why are negative feedback loops more effective at maintaining homeostasis than positive feedback loops?

Question 79

Why do organisms need to maintain homeostasis?

Question 80

Cells that generate electrical impulses form tissue.