Deck 2: Prejudice

Question 1

The scapegoating theory is based on the principle that ________.

A) exploitation of the lower class is an integral part of capitalism
B) peer and social influences encourage tolerance or intolerance
C) adherence to conventional values, uncritical acceptance of authority, and concern with power and toughness are essential in society
D) people use some expressions of prejudice so they can refuse to accept responsibility for their actions

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A person who harbors prejudice but will not discriminate if peers or the government apply pressure against doing so is called a(n) ________.

A) all-weather liberal
B) timid bigot
C) all-weather bigot
D) reluctant liberal

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When asked about their Whiteness, most White people are likely to ________.

A) talk about their ethnic identity
B) see themselves stigmatized as racist
C) see themselves as having advantages over other racial groups
D) acknowledge the privileges that come with being White

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A prejudiced belief leads to ________.

A) categorical rejection
B) an attitude that coincides with behavior
C) pluralism
D) rejection of individuals based on their behavior

Question 5

When people blame others for their own failures, it is referred to as________.

A) authoritarianism
B) scapegoating
C) stereotyping
D) exploitation

Question 6

Adam Carter, the CEO of a multinational corporation, is a reluctant liberal. Which of the following would be the best way to influence Adam to display less discriminatory behavior?

A) advocating equal-opportunity legislation
B) inviting him to a diversity workshop
C) commissioning a public relations campaign
D) encouraging him to become an all-weather bigot

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an ethnophaulism?

A) An employer refuses to hire a qualified person because she has to care for her kids and would not be able to perform well.
B) A job applicant thinks he is refused employment because he is not Black.
C) A teacher tells Simon that, for someone belonging to a minority community, he is doing well in school.
D) Lucy is denied a pay raise on the basis of her gender.

Question 8

According to Merton's typology, all-weather liberals are those who ________.

A) discriminate in an overt fashion
B) believe in equality and practice it
C) harbor prejudice but do not express it in a group
D) can express prejudice only in a group

Question 9

A person who advocates ethnocentrism is likely to ________.

A) believe that each culture is equally valid
B) believe that prejudice is wrong
C) view other cultures as superior to that of his or her own culture
D) judge other cultures by the standards of his or her own group

Question 10

The sociologist who developed the typology exploring the relationship between negative attitudes and negative behavior was ________.

A) William Julius Wilson
B) Max Weber
C) Thomas Pettigrew
D) Robert Merton

Question 11

A negative attitude toward an entire category of people is known as ________.

A) prejudice
B) affirmative action
C) exploitation
D) perjury

Question 12

The citizens of the country of Celebria claim that immigrants from neighboring countries have contributed to unemployment problems in the country. The citizens blame the immigrants for the problems faced by them. The immigrant, in this instance becomes the ________.

A) creationist
B) pluralist
C) scapegoat
D) stereotype

Question 13

A company refuses to hire women for managerial positions citing lack of management skills as the reason. This action by the company is an example of ________.

A) discrimination
B) privilege
C) self-serving bias
D) affirmative action

Question 14

The owner of a car dealership refuses to hire a female applicant not because he feels women are incompetent, but because he fears that customers will be less likely to buy a car from a saleswoman. According to Merton's typology, the owner is being a(n) ________.

A) authoritarian person
B) timid bigot
C) all-weather bigot
D) reluctant liberal

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes prejudice?

A) It is a negative belief, not behavior.
B) It is a behavior aimed at individuals, not groups.
C) It is a negative action, not a belief.
D) It is a discriminatory behavior based on accurate definitions.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of White privilege?

A) It exists consciously for the White people who enjoy it.
B) It is often invisible to the White people who enjoy it.
C) It refers to special constitutional duties to be performed by members of the White community.
D) It refers to additional financial benefits that governments provide to the White community by way of reduced taxes.

Question 17

The study conducted by Richard LaPiere showed that people ________.

A) dislike Chinese openly and without reservation
B) stereotype Chinese as being war-like
C) were more willing to accept Chinese in person than they were in theory
D) consistently dislike Chinese more than Japanese people but better than Koreans

Question 18

LaPiere's study in the early 1930s on racial attitudes and social conduct involving travel with a Chinese couple to places of business indicated that most people who participated in the follow-up questionnaire were ________.

A) all-weather liberals
B) reluctant liberals
C) all-weather bigots
D) timid bigots

Question 19

The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others' is known as ________.

A) cultural relativism
B) discrimination
C) exploitation
D) ethnocentrism

Question 20

The process of denying certain opportunities and equal rights or privileges to individuals and groups is known as ________.

A) prejudice
B) assimilation
C) discrimination
D) ethnocentrism

Question 21

A Hispanic student from southwest United States finds that her new roommate at college is a Jewish woman from New York. As they get to know one another, they are able to overcome their initial prejudices and grow to appreciate each other's strengths and talents. This is an example of the ________.

A) contact hypothesis
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) formal education hypothesis
D) normative theory

Question 22

Color-blind racism refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend ________.

A) affirmative action on racism
B) racial profiling by law enforcement officers
C) the racially unequal status quo
D) multicultural education

Question 23

Problems such as welfare, urban decay, homelessness, and crime are now viewed as ________ issues.

A) economic
B) racial
C) political
D) structural

Question 24

The Clarks' experiment involving Black children showed that Black children preferred white dolls. Which of the following is a reason for this preference?

A) Black children had developed a negative self-image.
B) Their minority status influenced the personality traits of the children.
C) Black children had positive feelings of self-esteem.
D) The children hated themselves because of their minority status.

Question 25

A lawyer finds himself becoming more sexist as he competes with three women for a position in a prestigious law firm. This situation is an example of the ________.

A) normative theory
B) exploitation theory
C) authoritarian personality theory
D) scapegoating theory

Question 26

The results of a nationwide survey conducted in the United States offer insight into sharply different views on the state of race relations today. Which of the following statements is true?

A) A large number of Hispanics feel that racial tension is not a significant problem.
B) Latinos are confident of equal opportunities becoming available for achieving success.
C) Hispanics feel that the criminal justice system favors the rich and powerful.
D) A majority of the Asian American immigrants feel that hard work can bring success.

Question 27

Racial profiling persists despite overwhelming evidence that it not a predictive approach toward identifying potential troublemakers. Which of the following accurate statements supports this argument?

A) Whites and Asian Americans have an equal chance of being stopped and searched by police officers.
B) Hispanics are more likely to carry weapons and are often searched by police officers.
C) African Americans are twice as likely to have their vehicles searched when compared to Whites.
D) Latinos are less likely to be stopped by police officers when compared to Asian Americans.

Question 28

The theory that takes the view that prejudice is influenced by situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities is called the ________ theory.

A) frustration-aggression
B) exploitation
C) normative
D) scapegoating

Question 29

People with authoritarian personalities are likely to ________.

A) blame others for their failure
B) believe that most moral issues are difficult to resolve
C) expect adherence to conventional values
D) acknowledge the influence of societal norms on prejudice

Question 30

Which of the following is true of prejudice?

A) It does not lead to categorical rejections.
B) It exists only between dominant and subordinate groups.
C) It exists among specific subordinate groups.
D) It is an action rather than an attitude.

Question 31

The ________ theory of prejudice is clearly part of the Marxist tradition in sociological thought.

A) scapegoating
B) normative
C) exploitation
D) authoritarian

Question 32

In the country of Arcadia, people belonging to minority groups are stigmatized as inferior. They usually have physically demanding jobs and are paid extremely low wages. The majority groups use this stigmatization to justify the treatment meted out to these minority groups. This scenario exemplifies the principles of the ________ theory.

A) exploitation
B) normative
C) scapegoating
D) authoritarian personality

Question 33

The police officers of a city receive intelligence reports about possible terrorist attacks on the city. Therefore, as a security measure, the officers check the vehicles of people belonging to minority communities for weapons and explosives. Which of the following best describes the action of the police?

A) social distancing
B) racial profiling
C) institutionalized discrimination
D) color-blind racism

Question 34

One way to fight prejudice is to _______.

A) attend hate rallies
B) focus on short-term goals
C) accept apathy
D) teach acceptance

Question 35

Labeling individuals through negative stereotypes has strong implications for the self-fulfilling prophecy. Which of the following accurate statements supports this argument?

A) Stereotypes only influence how people feel about themselves.
B) People are aware of the negative images others have about them.
C) Explicit expressions of negative stereotypes are extremely common.
D) Stereotyping is limited to racial and ethnic groups.

Question 36

Studies consistently document that increased formal education, regardless of content, is associated with ________.

A) scapegoating
B) racial profiling
C) racial tolerance
D) social distance

Question 37

The exploitation theory of prejudice explains the ________.

A) practice of blaming others for one's failures
B) contact hypothesis
C) basis of racial discrimination in the United States
D) concept of the authoritarian personality

Question 38

Racism is used to justify the exclusion of minority groups stating that they are inferior. Which of the following explains this process?

A) contact hypothesis
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) normative approach
D) exploitation theory

Question 39

Paul had prejudiced feelings against foreigners and their culture. He was sent to a foreign country on an assignment. He found the people of the country to be warm and friendly. Paul also tried to understand the significance of their cultural practices and became tolerant toward those people. Which of the following theories describes Paul's behavior?

A) the exploitation theory
B) the normative theory
C) the authoritarian personality theory
D) the scapegoating theory

Question 40

Viewing Blacks as superstitious, Whites as uncaring, and Jews as shrewd are examples of ________.

A) stereotyping
B) ethnocentrism
C) exploitation
D) scapegoating

Question 41

Discuss the important aspects of color-blind racism.

Question 42

Define White privilege and explain how it is invisible to those who benefit from it. Provide specific examples of privileges based on race.

Question 43

Explain how stereotypes can be related to real conditions and yet not apply to most people within a particular minority group.

Question 44

What is the evidence of intergroup hostility between minority groups? What explanations are offered for exploited and oppressed groups perceiving one another with hostility and suspicion?

Question 45

What are the strategies that can be used by individuals to fight prejudice?

Question 46

William Corporation is motivated to decrease prejudice and stereotyping among its employees. What approach would have the most lasting impact on the workers and the organization?

Question 47

Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination and then explain the relationship between them using Merton's typology.

Question 48

Explain the empirical measurement of social distance.

Question 49

How is economics related to the formation of prejudice as explained by both the exploitation and scapegoating theories?

Question 50

How do different minority groups feel about the state of race relations in the United States?