Deck 36: Urinary System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures

Question 1

A patient's urinalysis results are white blood cells (WBCs) 100+/hpf; red blood cells (RBC) 4/hpf; bacteria, moderate amount; nitrite, positive; specific gravity, 1.025; and urine, cloudy. What should the nurse recognize these findings indicate?

A)Dehydration
B)Urinary tract infection
C)Contamination from menstruation
D)Presence of bacteria from the perineum

Answer 1

Urinary tract infection

Question 2

The nurse is providing care for a patient admitted for a suspected kidney infection. Which area of the body does the nurse expect the patient to identify as a source of pain?

A)Lower abdomen
B)Bilateral flanks
C)Midepigastric
D)Pelvic floor

Answer 2

Bilateral flanks

Question 3

The nurse is collecting information from an older adult patient in the health care provider's (HCP) office. The patient reports frequent urination. Which effect of aging does the nurse recognize?

A)A decrease in glomerular filtration
B)The presence of an early bladder infection
C)Decreased bladder size and muscle tone
D)General decrease in renal functioning

Answer 3

Decreased bladder size and muscle tone

Question 4

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient. Which question does the nurse ask the patient if the creatinine level is elevated?

A)"Have you been sick lately?"
B)"Are you lactose intolerant?"
C)"Do you have flank pain?"
D)"How much do you exercise?"

Question 5

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of kidney disease. The patient's last laboratory result indicates metabolic acidosis. Which kidney activity does the nurse recognize for the condition?

A)The kidneys are absorbing more bicarbonate.
B)The kidneys are unable to excrete hydrogen ions.
C)The kidneys are compensating for respiratory function.
D)The kidneys are responding to vomiting related to disease.

Question 6

The nurse is providing care for a patient who is on fluid restrictions due to renal failure. The patient's intake & output (I&O) should be carefully measured. Which substance does the nurse exclude from the intake total?

A)Mashed potatoes and creamed corn
B)All oral and IV fluids
C)Water, coffee, juices, and gelatin
D)Any tube feeding administered

Question 7

An older male patient expresses frustration at need to urinate often, dribbling of urine, and feelings of inability to empty his bladder. Which suggestion by the nurse is most helpful to the patient?

A)Obtain and wear incontinence pads.
B)Encourage an appointment with a urologist.
C)Review medications with the primary HCP.
D)Set up a schedule for regular voiding.

Question 8

The nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who is preparing to perform intermittent self-catheterization at home. Which information by the nurse is inappropriate?

A)The bladder should be emptied every 3 hours.
B)An overfilled bladder can be a source of infection.
C)Catheters can be washed and reused repeatedly.
D)Wear a urinary incontinence pad if away from home.

Question 9

The nurse is testing the urine pH for a patient in the HCP's office. The test indicates a pH of 7.0. Which question does the nurse ask the client?

A)"Do you have pain when you urinate?"
B)"Are you following a vegetarian diet?"
C)"How much aspirin do you take daily?"
D)"Is there a family history of renal disease?"

Question 10

The nurse is providing care for a patient who has undergone placement of a suprapubic catheter. Which postprocedure nursing care is avoided?

A)Change the surgical dressing as needed.
B)Tape the catheter in place to avoid tension.
C)Change the catheter with sterile technique daily.
D)Apply a skin barrier to prevent skin breakdown.

Question 11

A patient with pneumonia has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 32 mg/dL and creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL. What should the nurse realize is the most probable explanation for this finding?

A)The patient is dehydrated.
B)The patient has septicemia.
C)The patient is malnourished.
D)The patient has kidney damage.

Question 12

The nurse is making a visit to the home of a patient with functional incontinence. Which observation indicates that teaching about the disorder has been effective?

A)Patient wearing sweat pants
B)Patient drinking a cup of coffee
C)Patient sitting with the legs elevated
D)Patient restricting fluid intake after 6 p.m.

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's urinalysis. Which components does the nurse identify as being abnormal in urine? (Select all that apply.)

A)Urea
B)Hormones
C)Protein
D)RBCs
E)Water

Question 14

The nurse is providing care for a patient scheduled for diagnostic studies of the gastrointestinal system using contrast medium. Which finding in the patient's medical history warrants the nurse contacting the HCP?

A)The patient reports an allergy to shellfish.
B)The patient recently had pneumonia.
C)The patient had food intake 12 hours previous.
D)The patient has a history of renal dysfunction.

Question 15

The formation of urine is a critical physiological function. The nurse is aware that multiple processes are involved. Which process does the nurse recognize as not part of the formation of urine?

A)Micturition
B)Glomerular filtration
C)Tubular excretion
D)Tubular reabsorption

Question 16

The nurse is catheterizing a patient after voiding to determine the amount of residual urine in the bladder. What should the nurse consider as being the normal amount of urine within the bladder after urination?

A)25 mL
B)75 mL
C)100 mL
D)150 mL

Question 17

A patient shares a long-standing problem of urinary incontinence with the nurse. Which intervention does the nurse recognize as taking priority?

A)Referring the patient to a urologist
B)Providing caring support to the patient
C)Recommending a continence clinic
D)Keeping a voiding diary for evaluation

Question 18

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a thoracic spinal cord injury. For which reason does the nurse understand the presence of a suprapubic catheter?

A)The patient is unable to stand to void.
B)The patient is less likely to have bladder infections.
C)The patient is unable to detect the need to urinate.
D)The patient is at risk for skin breakdown from incontinence.

Question 19

The nurse is collecting data on a patient who experienced a sport injury to the lower back area. Which finding will cause the nurse greatest concern?

A)Report of nausea and anxiety
B)Ecchymosis and pain in area of injury
C)Flank edema and bloody urine
D)Pain in the lower abdomen

Question 20

The nurse understands that a major function of the kidneys is to remove potentially toxic waste products from the blood. Which function is inaccurate?

A)Regulate blood pressure through the conservation of fluids.
B)Regulate minerals to maintain electrolyte balance.
C)Manage hydrogen or bicarbonate for acid-base balance.
D)Manage erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.