Deck 12: Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Question 1

Second -growth forests .

A) are forests whose timber has second -rate value
B) are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago
C) are forests that establish themselves after old -growth timber has been removed
D) are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging
E) in North America are mostly in British Columbia and Alaska

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Deforestation _ .

A) has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions
B) decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C) prevents erosion
D) causes population explosions
E) is not widespread in North America

Answer 2

A

Question 3

are federal lands that are off -limits to development but are open to hiking, nature study, and other low -impact public recreational activities.

A) Wilderness areas
B) State parks
C) Biosphere reserves
D) National forests
E) BLM lands

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which area labeled on the map is experiencing the highest rate of deforestation?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Passed in 1906, the national monuments.

A) Wilderness Act
B) Homesteaders Act
C) Swampland Act
D) Antiquities Act gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as
E) National Monuments Act

Question 6

Forest resource managers generally aim to maintain a resource population at the level where it .

A) best protects predators
B) delivers the maximum sustainable timber yield
C) has stabilized at the carrying capacity
D) best protects habitat
E) is just above the level it needs to be at to prevent dieback of the population

Question 7

The SLOSS debate involves issues relating to .

A) government subsidies to farmers
B) drilling for oil in ANWR
C) controlled burns
D) tax dollars spent to build roads in national forests
E) habitat fragmentation and preserve design

Question 8

Clear -cutting .

A) is a form of violent protest favored by radical environmental organizations
B) restricts timber harvesting to mountaintops
C) involves elimination of subsidies to farmers
D) removes all trees from an area
E) is harvesting trees from coastal areas only

Question 9

Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?

A) No ancient forests remain in developing nations.
B) They do not want to hinder economic development.
C) There is an infinite supply of timber because wood is a renewable resource.
D) Most timber is extracted by local corporations that support the government.
E) Local residents use most of the timber, and the government does not want to impose restrictions on its citizens.

Question 10

Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is NOT an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because .

A) it is better to use palm oil in snack foods
B) human rights are being violated because of the palm oil slave trade
C) tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms
D) oil palm plantations take land away from coffee growers
E) burning palm oil actually puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than burning gasoline

Question 11

The system of timber harvesting involves leaving small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.

A) single -tree selection
B) shelterwood
C) nursery -tree
D) "cherry -picking"
E) clearcutting

Question 12

The first national park was _ .

A) Yosemite
B) General Grant (Kings Canyon)
C) Yellowstone
D) Mount Rainier
E) Sequoia

Question 13

The U.N. FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2015 concluded that .

A) all nationally owned forests should be managed by clear -cutting
B) deforestation is now in equilibrium with new planting
C) there will be no forest ecosystems left by 2040
D) deforestation has slowed but we still lose forests at a rapid rate
E) to protect forest biodiversity, forested public lands should be closed to recreation

Question 14

Land trusts are .

A) municipal government entities
B) state government entities
C) federal government entities
D) private nonprofit groups
E) corporations

Question 15

This figure shows annual totals for area burned by wildfires in the U.S. from 1983 to 2015. Which of the following accounts for the trend shown?

A) Fire suppression has resulted in an accumulation of kindling for larger and more catastrophic wildfires during dry years.
B) We now fight fires more aggressively than we did in the 1980s, and the annual number of acres burned reflects these efforts.
C) Arsonists are starting more wildfires than they did 30 years ago.
D) Forest cover has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1980s, so we see an associated trend in the amount of forest burned annually.
E) There is no consistent trend in the figure. More forests burn during dry years than wet years.

Question 16

Where will you find epiphytes growing?

A) on other plants
B) on animals that live in the forest canopy
C) beneath a tree
D) on rotting logs
E) on the forest floor

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes?

A) Biodiversity increases because of habitat diversification.
B) Water runoff decreases because crops will take up more of the moisture.
C) CO2 levels in the atmosphere drop to dangerously low levels.
D) The soil becomes richer and retains moisture better because there are few trees to take up the water and soil nutrients.
E) Soil erosion increases because the tree roots and other vegetation that stabilize the soil have been removed.

Question 18

The program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) .

A) seeks to reduce the 30% of global carbon emissions caused by primary forests
B) was passed unanimously by the Copenhagen Conference (2010) on global climate change
C) gives wealthy nations carbon offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests
D) supports research to develop trees which permanently sequester carbon
E) combats unsustainable forestry practices through controlled burning programs

Question 19

Prescribed burns would be used in forests .

A) that have heavy recreational use to warn people about the dangers of fires
B) to convert primary forests into secondary forests
C) plagued with insects as a cheaper alternative to pesticides
D) that are subject to severe wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth
E) where there high densities of endangered species, such as tropical rainforests

Question 20

In the western U.S., bark beetle outbreaks have become much worse than in the past for all of the following reasons EXCEPT .

A) milder winters caused by climate change are enabling beetles to spread northward
B) warmer climate has resulted in increased reproductive output for the beetles
C) long -term droughts have stressed trees, making them vulnerable to attack
D) catastrophic wildfires have resulted in the increased growth of the kinds of trees that the bark beetles prefer
E) beetles are attacking the myriad even -aged forests throughout the West, which are the perfect age for infestation

Question 21

The "roadless rule" _.

A) prohibits road construction within national parks
B) prohibits off -road vehicles in national parks and forests
C) permits clear -cutting in forests which have no access roads for logging companies
D) was strictly enforced between 2004 and 2007
E) prohibits new road construction in national forests

Question 22

The tendency for humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes .

A) decreased extirpation
B) increased habitat fragmentation
C) increased ecosystem diversity
D) increased genetic diversity
E) increased biomass