Deck 10: Revivalism, Reform and Artistic Renaissance, 1820-1850

Question 1

How did Charles G. Finney use the tools of the market revolution to further the goals of the Second Great Awakening?

A) He stressed the political message of egalitarianism found in Jacksonian democracy.
B) He utilized the expanding publishing industry to distribute printed religious materials.
C) He emphasized that the economic profits gained by new technology led to salvation.
D) He underscored the fact that workers no longer needed to work as hard as they had done before the advent of new technology.

Answer 1

He utilized the expanding publishing industry to distribute printed religious materials.

Question 2

How did changes in religious belief influence ideas about prison and punishment?

A) The prison system began to cast criminal behavior in terms of sinfulness and innate depravity.
B) Prisoners and the mentally ill were housed together in wretched conditions.
C) Prisons became "penitentiaries" where prisoners had opportunities to repent and reform.
D) Prisoners were given greater access to educational resources and public speaking events.

Answer 2

Prisons became "penitentiaries" where prisoners had opportunities to repent and reform.

Question 3

Southern and Northern Democrats in the House of Representatives passed the "gag rule" in order to .

A) stop the immediate abolition of slavery
B) outlaw the internal slave trade in the United States
C) automatically table and not consider antislavery petitions sent to Congress
D) promote the benefits of slavery

Answer 3

automatically table and not consider antislavery petitions sent to Congress

Question 4

What message does the lithograph The Way of Good and Evil send to its audience?

A) Americans resisted the social ills found in their society.
B) A person could choose sin over good deeds and still be saved.
C) Achieving an education was unnecessary to obtain salvation.
D) People faced a clear choice of salvation or eternal damnation.

Question 5

Through his newspaper The Liberator, became a leading spokesperson for immediatism.

A) David Walker
B) Hiram Powers
C) William Lloyd Garrison
D) Thomas R. Dew

Question 6

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A) a literary movement
B) a movement for political reform
C) the period of recovery from an economic panic
D) a religious revival

Question 7

What ironic element found in "A Militia Muster" contradicts the Reverend Lyman Beecher's belief that temperance organizations were comparable to "a disciplined moral militia"?

A) Temperance organizations were mostly made up of women.
B) Militias promoted violence while temperance organizations favored peaceful messages.
C) Temperance organizations excluded African Americans from membership.
D) The militiamen in the image are engaged in intoxicated revelries.

Question 8

Abolitionists created jigsaw puzzles such as this one mainly to .

A) educate Northern children about the evils of slavery
B) entertain laborers after their long work day
C) promote the African colonization movement
D) annoy Southern slave owners

Question 9

Horace Mann's most notable contributions were in the field of .

A) religion
B) education
C) women's rights
D) temperance

Question 10

The American Colonization Society called for the transportation of free blacks to the African colony of .

A) Benin
B) Liberia
C) Senegal
D) Nigeria

Question 11

Early Federalist leaders like Alexander Hamilton and John Jay called for the abolition of slavery because slavery _ .

A) threatened the republican values of liberty and virtue
B) made the South more economically powerful than the North
C) rejected the ideas of racial equality and justice
D) gave the Southern states more dominance in the House of Representatives

Question 12

Architect John Haviland designed New York City's Halls of Justice, which were better known as the "Tombs," in the Egyptian Revival style that characterized sepulchral gloom in order to .

A) highlight the more successful aspects of prison reform
B) link these buildings to the certain deaths that prisoners faced
C) intimidate and project the power of the law
D) generate greater sympathy for prisoners

Question 13

Angelina and Sarah Grimké were unique from other abolitionists because .

A) few women were involved in the abolitionist movement
B) they were the daughters of a wealthy Southern planter
C) they convinced Quakers to join the antislavery movement
D) American women were more sympathetic to the proslavery movement

Question 14

What aspect of religious revivalism is evoked in this painting of a camp meeting?

A) the gentility of its attendees
B) its small size
C) its emotional intensity
D) the diversity of its attendees

Question 15

How was Charles Grandison Finney's theology of perfectionism different from pre-existing Calvinist beliefs?

A) Perfectionism stressed that people could achieve their own salvation through free will.
B) Under the theology of perfectionism, most people were condemned to damnation from birth.
C) Perfectionism could only be achieved if one was poor and humble.
D) Perfectionist doctrine stated that only God determined individuals' destinies.

Question 16

Former slave Henry "Box" Brown, the central figure in this image, attracted many supporters of abolition to his speaking engagements because he .

A) mailed himself to freedom in a box
B) hid in a box while Southern patrollers searched for him
C) spoke from the top of a box at his events
D) used boxes to ship other slaves to freedom in the North

Question 17

When the Manifesto of the Washington Total Abstinence Societies that was written in 1841 stated that "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created temperate; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain natural and innocent desires; that among them are the appetite for cold water and the pursuit of happiness!", its members were addressing abstinence from .

A) consummating sexual relations
B) consuming unhealthy foods
C) imbibing alcoholic beverages
D) participating in events such as dueling and gambling

Question 18

How did David Walker, a free black abolitionist, change other abolitionists' views on slavery when he published an Appeal?

A) He stressed the need for violent slave insurrections.
B) He gained more support from Southern intellectuals for African colonization.
C) He convinced other abolitionists that emancipation should be immediate, not gradual.
D) He made abolitionism a religious movement linked to humane treatment for the first time.

Question 19

The push for more humane treatment of the mentally ill was promoted by .

A) Lyman Beecher
B) Horace Mann
C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 20

The belief that people should "let the Common School be expanded to its capabilities…and nine tenths of the crimes in the penal code would become obsolete; the long catalogue of human ills would be abridged," reflects the idea that universal public education was a style of reform.

A) preventive
B) curative
C) remedial
D) utopian

Question 21

Mormonism was first established in Palmyra, New York by _.

A) Mary Cragin
B) Francis Wright
C) Joseph Smith
D) Robert Owen

Question 22

Secular utopian communities such as those in New Harmony, Indiana, and those organized by Charles Fourier were the result of .

A) hostility to the market revolution
B) openness to multiple sexual relationships
C) opposition to slavery
D) a desire for intellectual improvement

Question 23

What popular attitude toward the Millerite movement is reflected in this illustration?

A) admiration for preparing for the apocalypse
B) criticism of its inclination to isolate each other from society
C) mockery of its expectation of the apocalypse
D) ridicule of the group's excessive thrift

Question 24

The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was a turning point in women's history in the United States because it was the start of .

A) women's participation in the abolitionist movement
B) the women's rights movement
C) the temperance movement
D) married women having greater control over their property

Question 25

The Bloomer costume was initially designed so that women could .

A) enhance the female figure
B) have a proper uniform for factory work
C) secure freedom from oppressive fashions such as the corset
D) become involved in their movement for greater equality

Question 26

In her painting Domestic Happiness, artist Lily Martin Spencer intends for the woman's hand gesture to communicate both her emotional intimacy with her husband and her .

A) subtle power over him
B) sexual desire for him
C) wish to protect their children from him
D) dominion over the world of their children

Question 27

This image of a Shaker religious dance emphasizes their belief in .

A) rejection of the values of the marketplace
B) communal ownership of property
C) the adoption of orphans
D) equality among the sexes

Question 28

The teachings of Mother Ann Lee were the foundation for the establishment of .

A) Shakerism
B) Quakerism
C) abolitionism
D) millennialism

Question 29

In his Review of the Debate in the Virginia Legislature of 1831 and 1832, Professor Thomas R.Dew .

A) affirmed Thomas Jefferson's earlier idea that slavery was unjust
B) called for the immediate abolition of slavery in the United States
C) defended the property rights of slaveholders
D) supported the relocation of Virginia's slaves to Africa

Question 30

How does the proslavery cartoon Slavery As It Exists in America affirm John C. Calhoun's apologist views on the "peculiar institution" of slavery?

A) Slavery was a harsher system than the factory system in the North.
B) Slavery was a positive good sanctioned by the Bible and ancient philosophers.
C) Slavery benefitted the entire nation due to its profitable success in commercialized farming.
D) Slavery improved both the physical and moral lives of African Americans.

Question 31

The philosophy of Transcendentalism relied on for insights and inspiration.

A) the market economy
B) the abolition of slavery
C) nature
D) traditional religion

Question 32

What was complex marriage as practiced in the community at Oneida, New York, that was established by John Humphrey Noyes?

A) the polygamy that predominated among families within the community
B) communal property ownership among members of the community
C) a system of arranged marriages between members of the community
D) free sexual relations between the men and women of the community

Question 33

Such reformers as Mary Gove and Paulina Wright were interested in .

A) fighting for women's property rights
B) encouraging sexual passivity and chastity among women
C) liberating "fallen women" from their work in brothels
D) educating women on their reproductive rights and health

Question 34

This map showing the location of both secular and religious utopian communities in the United States reveals that .

A) the Mormons were a sedentary sect
B) the South was not as receptive to these communities as the North
C) the mid-Atlantic seacoast was a hotbed of utopian reform
D) there were more Shaker communities in the Midwest than New England

Question 35

What is millennialism?

A) the belief that God has condemned humanity
B) the belief that Judgment Day is imminent
C) the belief in one's own salvation
D) the belief that Americans have a special relationship with God

Question 36

What values were associated with the "cult of true womanhood"?

A) egalitarianism with their male counterparts
B) piety, motherhood, and sexual passivity
C) the importance of being consumers in the competitive marketplace
D) women's weaknesses and tendencies toward moral depravity

Question 37

Although Hiram Powers's sculpture The Greek Slave stirred up Northern sympathies against slavery, this sculpture also appealed to Southerners because it .

A) compared the plight of ancient Greek slaves to Southern slaves
B) shocked society with its nude depiction of the slave
C) raised sympathy with contemporary Greece, which was in a republican revolution against their Turkish oppressors
D) praised Christian values that were symbolized by her crucifix

Question 38

What event led Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to focus their attention on the oppression of women?

A) the introduction by Thomas Herttell of a bill to grant property rights to women
B) the success they found in their work on the temperance movement
C) the imposition of coverture laws restricting a woman's rights
D) the restrictions they faced at the international antislavery conference in London

Question 39

Lydia Finney established the New York Moral Reform Society in 1834 in order to
)

A) criminalize prostitution
B) support alcoholics
C) abolish slavery
D) fight for equal pay rights

Question 40

How do the actions depicted in the cartoon New Method of Sorting the Mail, which shows the people of Charleston burning abolitionist materials sent through the United States Postal Department, mark a turning point between the antislavery and proslavery forces in the United States?

A) Physical violence between both groups became more frequent.
B) The burning of the U.S. mail made slavery a national issue instead of a local one.
C) This situation led to a greater number of women joining the abolitionist movement.
D) Abolitionists began to call for immediatism, rather than gradual emancipation for slaves.

Question 41

The board game "The Mansion of Happiness," which is pictured on the right, was similar to the lithograph The Way of Good and Evil that is on the left in that both shared .

A) a spiral design to symbolize the twists and turns of life
B) a strong opposition to organized religion
C) concerns about the economic changes of the market economy
D) the idea that life was a journey along a path of piety and sin

Question 42

As can be seen in this painting of Mount Auburn, typical elements of the rural cemetery movement included .

A) the provision of a place for reflection by the living and repose for the dead
B) strong connections to the features of a market economy
C) an interest in ancient Greek monuments and practices
D) a rejection of Christian values

Question 43

"The Symbolical Head" was an image associated with the popular topic of on the Lyceum lecture circuit.

A) phrenology
B) racism
C) psychology
D) the secular utopian movement

Question 44

Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl told about .

A) her long struggle to learn to write well enough to tell her story
B) the sexual predations of white Southerners on black women
C) events in the life of a fictional slave contented within the "benevolent" institution
D) her journalistic investigations into the lives of female slaves

Question 45

The novels written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville both dealt with themes resulting from .

A) alienation that followed from the economic changes brought by the market revolution
B) support for the intellectual movements that were part of secular utopian communities
C) their opposition to slavery
D) their experiences of living on the high seas

Question 46

These images of Greek Revival furniture on the left and Shaker furniture on the right contrast from each other because .

A) utopian sects preferred fancy mainstream furniture to more ascetic furniture
B) Shaker furniture was more intricate in design
C) Shaker furniture was built to be functional, not fancy
D) simplistic Shaker furniture was preferred by most mainstream Americans

Question 47

As seen in this image, roads running through New York City's Central Park were intentionally sunk below the line of sight in order to .

A) accommodate new modes of transportation developed during the market economy
B) maintain the park's country-like setting
C) imitate the type of roads used in modern European communities
D) establish escape routes from the park in cases of emergencies

Question 48

According to phrenologist Orson S. Fowler, what was the advantage of living in an octagon- shaped house like the one in this image?

A) It was more efficient in material costs and was therefore thriftier to construct.
B) It encouraged harmony by approximating the shape of a circle.
C) It was a metaphor for the cycle of birth to death.
D) It was focused toward heaven and so would encourage religious worship.

Question 49

By placing himself in the midst of the mountain in his painting View from Mt. Holyoke, artist Thomas Cole more than likely espoused the views of which of the following groups?

A) supporters of women's rights
B) abolitionists
C) proponents of the market economy
D) Transcendentalists