Deck 27: A Decade of Discord: The Challenge of the 1960s

Question 1

Based on the table above, the Supreme Court focused primarily on hearing cases dealing with
During the 1960s.

A) workers' rights
B) empowerment of big business
C) civil rights
D) individual rights

Answer 1

individual rights

Question 2

The Peace Corps' major goal was to .

A) organize formal resistance to the growing violence in the Civil Rights Movement
B) encourage volunteerism to work on humanitarian projects in developing nations
C) protest American escalation in the Vietnam War
D) send privileged young adults to work on community projects in domestic urban and rural areas

Answer 2

encourage volunteerism to work on humanitarian projects in developing nations

Question 3

As a result of this 1961 bus firebombing outside of Anniston, Alabama, the Freedom Riders began to receive protection from .

A) Black Panther patrols
B) state troopers sent by the governor of Alabama
C) National Guard units sent by President Kennedy
D) federal marshals sent by Attorney General Robert Kennedy

Answer 3

federal marshals sent by Attorney General Robert Kennedy

Question 4

Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring created a favorable climate for .

A) health care reform
B) welfare programs
C) nuclear disarmament
D) environmental reform

Question 5

The image pictured here is most closely associated with the issues that led to the Supreme Court case of _.

A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Loving v. Virginia
C) Engel v. Vitale
D) Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 6

John F. Kennedy's legislative program, which emphasized a liberal agenda and included raising the minimum wage, providing health care for the elderly, and increasing government spending to stimulate the economy was known as the .

A) New Deal
B) Fair Deal
C) Great Society
D) New Frontier

Question 7

This image of Martin Luther King Jr.'s daughter Yolanda and his wife Coretta Scott King taken after his funeral best captures the .

A) hopefulness that could still be achieved by the Civil Rights Movement
B) fracture that took place between the nonviolent and militant branches of the Civil Rights Movement
C) crushing disappointment of the dashed dreams of the Civil Rights Movement
D) willingness to use the government to protect civil rights and expand economic opportunity

Question 8

The 1960s was the heyday of American liberalism largely due to .

A) Kennedy and Johnson's reform agendas as well as pivotal Supreme Court rulings
B) the war in Vietnam and the hippie movement
C) Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign and the Great Society
D) the Civil Rights Movement and first American moon landing

Question 9

Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1960s when liberal decisions were reached on the promotion of social justice?

A) Earl Warren
B) Thurgood Marshall
C) Hugo L. Black
D) Barry Goldwater

Question 10

Lyndon Johnson's 1964 "Daisy Girl" campaign ad intended to .

A) demonstrate that the United States had the upper hand in the nuclear race with the Soviets
B) show that the United States could be victorious in Vietnam
C) warn the public of a possible Soviet attack that Republican Barry Goldwater could not handle
D) portray Barry Goldwater as a dangerous extremist

Question 11

Based on this chart, what conclusion can be made about the liberal legislation that was part of Johnson's Great Society?

A) It gave more power to the states when dealing with social welfare programs.
B) It expanded the federal government's role in American society.
C) It curtailed the powers of Congress in passing legislation.
D) It primarily benefited public school and university students.

Question 12

What did Martin Luther King, Jr. allude to when he asked in his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," "How would whites feel about…telling their children that they could not go to the segregated amusement parks advertised on television, and living in constant fear of their lives?"

A) Racial discrimination dehumanized people.
B) Businesses were economically motivated to adhere to racial discrimination.
C) Discrimination and segregation were inherent values for most white Southerners in the 1960s.
D) The only way to end segregation was through nonviolent demonstrations.

Question 13

Why did John F. Kennedy fail to support the Civil Rights Movement after the actions taken in 1961 by the Freedom Riders?

A) He believed that civil rights volunteers were unnecessarily putting their lives at risk when they didn't have to.
B) He was against giving African Americans equal rights.
C) He feared alienating his white Democratic Southern base.
D) His Northern white working-class base feared that African Americans would take jobs away from them.

Question 14

As a delegate for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which of the following women spoke eloquently in favor of bringing electoral justice to the South?

A) Fannie Lou Hamer
B) Coretta Scott King
C) Daisy Bates
D) Rosa Parks

Question 15

This map of civil rights milestones that took place between 1961 and 1965 shows that

A) most demonstrations took place in the Deep South
B) the Upper South had more violent reactions to civil rights workers than the Deep South
C) major civil rights legislation was primarily written and adopted at the state level
D) civil rights workers and volunteers were exclusively African American

Question 16

Why did civil rights activists in Birmingham approve the media's use of such violent pictures taken by Life photojournalist Charles Moore that depicted the mistreatment of women and young people during the Birmingham campaign of April 1963?

A) They wanted Northerners in particular to be outraged at the display of police brutality.
B) They were trying to persuade President Kennedy to send in federal troops for their protection.
C) They sought to condemn the Ku Klux Klan for participating in these violent actions.
D) They wanted to convince the public that they had no choice but to resort to violence in order to achieve desegregation.

Question 17

As a result of President Kennedy's 1963 announcement of a proposed civil rights act that would outlaw segregated public facilities nationwide, became the first political figure to be assassinated during the 1960s.

A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Medgar Evers
C) Malcolm X
D) Robert F. Kennedy

Question 18

How did Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program impact the executive level of government?

A) It transferred appropriations designated for the poor from Congress to the presidency.
B) It reduced the level of bureaucracy in the executive branch.
C) It created two new cabinet positions, Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Transportation
D) It, rather than the states, took control of running the new Medicaid program.

Question 19

What did 1960 Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy mean when he stated that he "was better off in the war [World War II] than they are in the coal mines" when he met with coal miners in West Virginia during his campaign?

A) Coal miners in West Virginia faced harsh consequences if they went on strike for better working and living conditions.
B) Pesticides had ruined the West Virginia terrain so that farming was nearly impossible and led to hunger for mining families.
C) West Virginians had to deal with numerous environmental hazards that jeopardized their health.
D) The miners and their families had to deal with appalling poverty in their lives.

Question 20

Michael Harrington's 1962 book The Other America: Poverty in the United States had its greatest impact by .

A) criticizing poor people for not doing much to improve their own situations
B) cutting government funding for social welfare programs
C) awakening the social consciousness of affluent liberals, including John F. Kennedy
D) creating a politically favorable climate for environmental regulation

Question 21

Freedom Summer was a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and a multi-pronged attack on white supremacy that took place in 1964 in the state of _.

A) Alabama
B) Mississippi
C) Georgia
D) Arkansas

Question 22

What was the purpose of this photograph that was taken on the march from Selma to Montgomery the week after "Bloody Sunday" and features civil rights protestors praying in front of a billboard claiming Martin Luther King Jr. was a communist?

A) to show that King and his followers were devout Christians intent on promoting a democratic nation
B) to demonstrate that, through prayer, these activists espoused nonviolent beliefs in advancing civil rights
C) to ascertain that they had the First Amendment right of religious freedom despite the color of their skins
D) to counter charges from ultra-conservative groups that the Civil Rights Movement was intentionally provoking violence so a communist revolution could take place

Question 23

As can be seen in this photograph, what was significant about the setting in which speakers gave their speeches to the crowds at the March on Washington?

A) It accentuated the irony of a nation that would honor only white men.
B) It emphasized the comparative weakness of current presidents when compared to Lincoln.
C) It underscored that President Lincoln's legacy was still unfulfilled 100 years later.
D) It highlighted the great respect Martin Luther King Jr. had for Abraham Lincoln.

Question 24

Why did the 1964 murders of CORE workers Andrew Goodman, James Earl Chaney, and Michael Schwerner in Mississippi and the FBI investigation that followed it anger many black Americans when their disappearances were first publicized?

A) They resented that most of the nation only seemed to care about violence in the Civil Rights Movement if white activists disappeared or were killed.
B) They were angry that African American James Chaney had been brutally beaten before his murder while the two white activists were not.
C) They knew that local sheriff Cecile Price had arranged these murders but had no proof to substantiate their claims.
D) They considered Goodman and Schwerner to be "outside agitators" who made living in the Deep South more dangerous for them.

Question 25

Author James Baldwin wrote in The Fire Next Time that believed that "the white God has not delivered them, perhaps the black God will" to explain this group's growing popularity with Northern black urban neighborhoods.

A) the Nation of Islam
B) the Black Panthers
C) SNCC
D) Black Power militants

Question 26

What competing visions did Helen Gurley Brown and Betty Freidan offer on how women should be viewed during the 1960s?

A) Brown believed women should receive equal pay as men while Friedan accepted the notion that women should focus solely on homemaking and child-rearing.
B) Brown thought that women should not marry while Friedan favored women who were good "housewife-mothers."
C) Brown established Cosmopolitan magazine to empower women through sexuality while Friedan reinforced the "Mindless Sex Object Image" that Playboy magazine favored for women.
D) Brown urged women to explore their sexuality while Friedan believed that women should be able to engage in a full range of meaningful activities available to men.

Question 27

In "The Port Huron Statement" of 1962, what group of people was activist Tom Hayden urging to join the protest movement when he stated that "we are the people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit"?

A) the "silent majority"
B) the baby boom generation
C) hippies
D) young conservatives

Question 28

The coalition of student-based organizations that attacked racial discrimination, poverty, and the war in Vietnam during the 1960s was known as .

A) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
B) Students for a Democratic Society
C) the New Left
D) Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)

Question 29

The title of Robert Altman's photograph "Holding Together" refers to the hippies'

A) fortitude as expressed by the setting in the wilderness
B) strength in numbers as expressed by size of the gathering
C) commitment to civil rights as expressed by their raised hands
D) harmony as expressed by their joined hands

Question 30

The purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to guarantee voting rights by .

A) banning literacy tests and poll taxes
B) solely relying on the Fifteenth Amendment to protect voting rights
C) eliminating Jim Crow laws in the South that led to desegregation
D) fining and jailing any group or person who tried to prevent anyone from voting

Question 31

Photographs such as this one of the Watts Riots in 1965 were mainly intended to emphasize

A) the brutality of law enforcement needed to resist an inner-city riot
B) the heroism of the firefighters who were preventing blacks from destroying their own community
C) the tragedy of the ruined neighborhood that was caused by its own residents
D) the devastation of inner-city poverty that led its residents to commit desperate acts

Question 32

According to civil rights worker and voter registrar Anne Moody, how did those who opposed the March on Washington make evident their hostility toward this protest demonstration?

A) They assassinated Martin Luther King Jr.
B) They violently attacked demonstrators on the Edmund Pettis Bridge in Selma, Alabama.
C) They killed three CORE workers who had gone to Mississippi to register black voters.
D) They bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, killing four girls.

Question 33

The Free Speech Movement organized by Mario Savio in 1964 had its start at after this school's administration shut down an off-campus area where students could hand out political pamphlets or give speeches.

A) Kent State University
B) the University of California, Berkeley
C) the University of Michigan
D) the University of Mississippi

Question 34

Why did Black Panther Huey Newton choose to stage this 1967 photograph in this manner?

A) He wanted to convey a militant ideology with symbols of a racial identity rooted in African culture to the public.
B) He was an avid hunter of big game in Africa, which symbolized power to the Black Panther Movement.
C) He wanted to urge young black men to adopt commando-style clothing that included leather jackets, black pants, black berets, and dark sunglasses.
D) He believed this style of dress and the weapons he was holding would intimidate urban gangs in black neighborhoods.

Question 35

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 .

A) was not backed by Lyndon Johnson
B) was defeated in the House of Representatives
C) prohibited segregation in public facilities
D) guaranteed the right to vote to African Americans

Question 36

This image of Malcolm X, who is shown on the left, taking a photograph of heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali in 1964 kept white Americans on edge because both men

A) called for violent attacks on whites
B) used militant rhetoric emphasizing black pride and physical prowess
C) advocated for a Islamic theocracy in the United States
D) called for a Back-to-Africa movement

Question 37

Which of the following publications quoted a middle-class housewife who said "I'm a server of food and a putter-on of pants and a bedmaker….But who am I?"

A) Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
B) The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan
C) Sex and the Single Girl by Helen Gurley Brown
D) an article from Helen Gurley Brown's Cosmopolitan magazine

Question 38

How was the SCLC's 1966 Chicago campaign different from the Watts Riots?

A) White protesters reacted violently to black activists who marched through all-white neighborhoods calling for fair housing.
B) Nonviolent civil rights marchers resorted to violence when they set white neighborhoods on fire.
C) Chicago refused to desegregate public buildings after the march.
D) The Chicago marches were peaceful, unlike the Watts riots that left 34 dead.

Question 39

As a Nation of Islam spokesperson, Malcolm X advocated _.

A) the violent overthrow of the U.S. government
B) nonviolent resistance
C) migration to Africa
D) black separatism and militancy

Question 40

The Black Panther Movement was established in 1966 by .

A) Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali
B) Stokley Carmichael and Jim Bevel
C) Bobby Seale and Huey Newton
D) James Meredith and Diane Nash

Question 41

What were New Left protesters outside the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago supporting when violence broke out between them and the police force?

A) the legalization of drugs
B) antiwar candidate Eugene McCarthy
C) voting rights for African Americans
D) an end to violence by police

Question 42

What was the irony captured by Life photographer Steve Schapiro's photograph of Martin Luther King Jr.'s room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis when Schapiro took this snapshot several hours after King's assassination?

A) King's book Strength to Love, which was in his suitcase, recommended that activists start to use violence to defend themselves.
B) King had planned to return to his room that now featured a newscast about his death.
C) King ate extravagantly for someone responsible for setting up the Poor People's Campaign.
D) King was killed just outside of his motel room.

Question 43

Who would have most likely worn this souvenir pin commemorating Apollo 11's moon landing in 1969?

A) feminist activists
B) members of the New Left
C) Soviet sympathizers
D) working- and middle-class Americans

Question 44

As depicted in this photograph, why did the group "Indians of All Tribes" decide to occupy the site of an abandoned federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay between 1969 and 1971?

A) Alcatraz prison had been the site where many Native Americans had been imprisoned during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
B) They felt the prison was the perfect site because, like an Indian reservation, it also lacked many basic facilities.
C) The island had been part of an earlier reservation set aside for California Indians before it was taken away from them.
D) The island was the site of an ancestral burial ground before it became the site of a federal prison.

Question 45

What does the 1967 Herblock political cartoon imply about President Johnson?

A) His excessive spending on Vietnam was a threat to the Great Society.
B) He was able to balance the demands of both foreign and domestic policy.
C) He hoped to undermine Great Society programs indirectly.
D) He cared more about the needs of the Vietnamese than those of Americans.

Question 46

In his 1960 book The Conscience of a Conservative, Republican Senator Barry Goldwater wrote that government should .

A) interfere less in the lives of people
B) raise taxes to fund more federal appropriations
C) inaugurate new federal programs to assist the poor
D) spend more money on current federal programs

Question 47

César Chávez fought for better working and living conditions for members of what group?

A) factory workers
B) farm laborers
C) steel workers
D) sanitation workers

Question 48

What type of message did feminists picketing the 1968 Miss America Pageant intend to convey to the American public through the posters they were holding?

A) grotesque
B) violent
C) satirical
D) sympathetic

Question 49

The support of which group for the Democratic ticket dropped by 25 percent between the 1964 and 1968 presidential elections because they believed that federal programs only sustained blacks and other minorities?

A) women
B) the urban poor
C) the white working class
D) university students in need of financial aid

Question 50

What was ironic about the 1967 "Summer of Love"?

A) San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood had never been a place where hippies gathered.
B) Most hippies had already retreated to communes in rural America.
C) The media had lost interest in the counterculture.
D) It marked the deterioration of the hippie counterculture.