Deck 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension is associated with what waist circumference cut-off for men?

A) 88 cm 35 inches)
B) 97 cm 38 inches)
C) 102 cm 40 inches)
D) 107 cm 42 inches)

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following measurements has replaced weight-for-height tables in clinical settings?

A) fatfold test
B) body mass index BMI)
C) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
D) bioelectrical impedance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A body mass index BMI) of 32.0 indicates which of the following health risk categories?

A) normal weight
B) overweight
C) high risk
D) very high risk

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is associated with obesity?

A) fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
B) hypertension
C) osteoporosis
D) macular degeneration

Question 5

Which of the following actions is considered an involuntary activity for the human body?

A) walking
B) breathing
C) digestion
D) sitting

Question 6

Half a kilogram 1 pound) of body fat is equal to how many Calories?

A) 2,500 Calories
B) 3,000 Calories
C) 3,500 Calories
D) 4,000 Calories

Question 7

What is the term for the state in which body weight remains stable because the amount of energy consumed equals the amount of energy expended?

A) balanced weight
B) balanced energy level
C) energy balance
D) weight balance

Question 8

What is the name for fat that collects deep within the central abdominal area of the body?

A) visceral fat
B) cellulite fat
C) subcutaneous fat
D) central fat

Question 9

Mary used to have a waist circumference of 75 centimetres, but her waist circumference is now 97 centimetres. Based on this information, which of the following conclusions would you come to?

A) She has a large amount of subcutaneous fat.
B) She is at an increased risk for wasting diseases.
C) She is likely to be very active.
D) She develops fat centrally.

Question 10

What percentage of overweight women are trying to lose weight?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 11

What is the quick and easy estimate of energy needs for an 80-kilogram 180-pound) man?

A) 1640 Calories
B) 1800 Calories
C) 1965 Calories
D) 2050 Calories

Question 12

In what area of the body does excess fat represent a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body?

A) chest
B) abdominal area
C) hips
D) shoulders

Question 13

A body mass index BMI) of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates which of the following body weight classifications?

A) obesity
B) overweight
C) normal weight
D) underweight

Question 14

Which of the following health conditions is associated with excess body fat?

A) celiac disease
B) Crohn's disease
C) diverticular disease
D) gallbladder disease

Question 15

Which of the following terms describes the type of fat that is stored directly under the skin?

A) cellulite
B) visceral fat
C) subdermal fat
D) subcutaneous fat

Question 16

Which of the following values tells a person how many Calories they need in a day?

A) estimated energy requirement EER)
B) body mass index BMI)
C) thermic effect of food TEF)
D) basal metabolic rate BMR)

Question 17

Which of the following groups is prone to develop the "apple" profile of central obesity?

A) women in their early reproductive years
B) men of any age
C) women who are premenopausal
D) boys in their later teenage years

Question 18

Body mass index BMI) is inappropriate to use with which of the following individuals

A) a 21 year old university student
B) a 28 year old pregnant women
C) a 30 year old vegetarian
D) a 52 year old man with diabetes

Question 19

What is the name for fat that accumulates around the intra-abdominal organs?

A) mid-body fat
B) central fat
C) subcutaneous fat
D) visceral fat

Question 20

Which of the following factors raises a person's basal metabolic rate?

A) older age
B) fever
C) malnutrition
D) starvation

Question 21

If a father is obese, what is the estimated chance of his child becoming obese?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 22

Why do women require substantially higher amounts of fat tissue than men?

A) for bone protection
B) to burn more Calories
C) to stay warm
D) for reproduction

Question 23

Normally, how many hours pass after eating before one becomes hungry again?

A) 1-2 hours
B) 2-3 hours
C) 3-5 hours
D) 4-6 hours

Question 24

Which of the following hormones is directly linked with both appetite and body fatness?

A) epinephrine
B) insulin
C) leptin
D) ghrelin

Question 25

What is the name of the theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls?

A) enzyme theory
B) set-point theory
C) fat-cell theory
D) thermogenesis theory

Question 26

You have just finished your evening meal; however, an apple pie has just come out of the oven. What is the name for the pleasure molecules that create an appetite for a piece of this pie?

A) endorphins
B) melatonin
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Question 27

The fatfold test uses which of the following tools to assess body fat levels?

A) X-ray energy
B) a measuring tape
C) a weight scale
D) calipers

Question 28

On average, in a woman of normal weight, fat makes up at least what percentage of her total body weight?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 29

Why is the body mass index BMI) inappropriate to use as a health risk indicator for athletes?

A) Muscle weight likely results in an elevated scale weight.
B) Overhydration probably creates an elevated scale weight.
C) Intra-abdominal fat storage contributes to the elevated scale weight.
D) Bone density causes the elevated scale weight

Question 30

During any given day, when do people generally weigh the least?

A) after urinating
B) before going to bed
C) before eating breakfast
D) after exercising

Question 31

What is the method used to assess body fat and also used in the evaluation of osteoporosis?

A) underwater weighing
B) air displacement
C) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
D) bioelectrical impedance

Question 32

Which of the following stomach hormones, along with a contracting stomach and an empty small intestine, triggers hunger?

A) ghrelin
B) grenlin
C) gastrin
D) leptin

Question 33

Human infants have an abundant amount of which of the following fats?

A) white fat
B) cellulite
C) brown fat
D) adipocytes

Question 34

In addition to the stomach and small intestine, which of the following body components is involved in signalling satiation?

A) gallbladder
B) large intestine
C) hypothalamus
D) esophagus

Question 35

What is the term for the change in energy expenditure induced by factors such as changes in ambient temperature and food intake?

A) satiation
B) adaptive thermogenesis
C) thermic effect of food
D) set-point theory

Question 36

What is the name given to the psychological desire to eat?

A) hunger
B) starvation
C) obesity
D) appetite

Question 37

What is the name given to foods that stressed people favour?

A) mood foods
B) comfort foods
C) calming foods
D) trigger foods

Question 38

An individual who tends to eat after smelling freshly baked foods despite not being hungry is responding to which of the following causes of overeating?

A) external cues
B) enzyme stimulation
C) internal stimuli
D) comfort cues

Question 39

Which of the following nutrients in food sustains satiety longest?

A) protein
B) simple carbohydrates
C) fatty acids
D) starchy carbohydrates

Question 40

Which of the following body tissues secretes the hormone leptin?

A) epithelial
B) adipose
C) connective
D) muscle

Question 41

According to a recent study, a healthy body weight was associated with intake from low-fat sources of which of the following nutrients?

A) calcium
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) magnesium

Question 42

Which of the following descriptions explains energy-dense foods?

A) foods high in water and fibre
B) foods high in fat and low in water
C) foods low in fibre and sodium
D) foods low protein and high in fibre

Question 43

What causes the 0.5 to 1 kilogram weight loss associated with herbal laxatives containing senna, aloe, rhubarb root, and castor oil?

A) loss of fat
B) loss of protein
C) loss of carbohydrate
D) loss of water

Question 44

What is the term for the eating disorder that is characterized by refusing to maintain a minimally normal body weight and having a disturbed perception of body weight and shape?

A) female athlete triad
B) anorexia nervosa
C) disordered eating
D) pica

Question 45

What is the name for repeated rounds of weight loss and subsequent regain, with reduced ability to lose weight after each cycle?

A) weight psychology
B) weight loss management
C) weight cycling
D) weight behaviourism

Question 46

Population studies have found that higher protein intake results in which of the following effects to the body?

A) higher bone density
B) higher body mass index
C) higher energy levels
D) higher insulin production

Question 47

What is the minimum body mass index BMI) level signifying morbid obesity?

A) 30.0
B) 32.0
C) 40.0
D) 44.0

Question 48

What food choice would you advise for someone who is trying to gain weight?

A) pickles
B) whole wheat bread
C) applesauce
D) peanut butter

Question 49

An expenditure of how many Calories per week via physical activities will assist with weight management?

A) 1,000 Calories
B) 1,500 Calories
C) 2,000 Calories
D) 2,500 Calories

Question 50

In addition to glucose, which of the following nutrients suppresses appetite immediately after a workout?

A) lipids
B) vitamin C
C) protein
D) calcium

Question 51

Those who have the most success with weight maintenance following weight loss display which of the following attributes?

A) high self-efficacy
B) limited social support systems
C) ability to eat controlled portions at a leisurely pace
D) variation of food intake on weekdays and weekends

Question 52

Which of the following ideals suggests a diet may be an unsound weight-loss scheme?

A) encourages at least 130 grams of carbohydrate consumption daily
B) recommends a daily intake of about 30% of Calories from fat
C) supports a diet plan of approximately 1,000 Calories for an average-size person
D) outlines the risks associated with adhering to the weight loss program

Question 53

In the early stage of food deprivation, which of the following nutrients can be used to meet the energy requirements of the nervous system?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) fat
D) protein

Question 54

Which of the following behaviours do many adolescent girls reportedly take up to control their body weight?

A) limiting alcohol consumption
B) eating high sodium foods
C) smoking cigarettes
D) consuming dairy products

Question 55

Which of the following processes allows a healthy person, starting with average body fat, to live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks?

A) metabolism
B) acidosis
C) thermogenesis
D) ketosis

Question 56

What is a reasonable initial step that should be considered when embarking upon successful weight loss and maintenance for an individual?

A) preventing further weight gain
B) keeping track of fat intake
C) selecting energy dense food choices
D) establishing a weight loss goal of 2.27 kg a week

Question 57

What is the name for the theory that suggests actions can be controlled by manipulating the environmental factors that trigger food consumption?

A) physical shift
B) behaviour modification
C) pattern adjustment
D) habit substitution

Question 58

Which of the following strategies would help a lean person gain weight?

A) smoking cigarettes
B) eating frequently
C) avoiding physical activity
D) consuming water before meals

Question 59

Which of the following concerns accompanies the "female athlete triad?"

A) osteomalacia
B) excess supplement abuse
C) amenorrhea
D) purging with laxatives and vomiting

Question 60

Which of the following pharmaceutical treatments for obesity anesthetizes the tongue, reducing taste sensation?

A) phenylpropanolamine
B) benzocaine
C) ephedrine
D) bitter orange extract

Question 61

Physical activity must be long and arduous to achieve fat loss.

Question 62

Lifestyle choices can override genetic influence on the prevalence of obesity for some individuals.

Question 63

After 12 months following a low-carbohydrate diet, research has shown that people rapidly regained the body weight that was lost.

Question 64

Which of the following treatments is best to consider for people with bulimia?

A) allowing for a few skipped meals each week
B) admitting them to hospital
C) including physical activity on most days
D) following a restrictive diet plan

Question 65

Which of the following characteristics is specific to people experiencing bulimia?

A) They eat excessive amounts of high-protein foods without realizing it.
B) They typically consume 2,000 Calories per binge.
C) They have high self-esteem yet are of a lower socio-economic status.
D) They believe that weight and shape are central to self-concept.

Question 66

In 2001, 20 percent of Canadian boys aged 7 to 13 years were overweight.

Question 67

Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.

Question 68

Diet histories completed by individuals commonly over-report intakes of high-calorie foods.

Question 69

List potential risks from being underweight.

Question 70

What are ten health risks associated with being obese?

Question 71

Genetic makeup greatly influences how efficiently the body uses up or stores energy.

Question 72

What is the cause of death for many people with anorexia nervosa?

A) malnutrition
B) heart failure
C) severe anemia
D) dehydration

Question 73

Exercise can spot reduce fat from any one particular area of the body.

Question 74

Anorexia nervosa is most prevalent among which of the following groups?

A) adolescent boys
B) young women
C) elderly women
D) adult men

Question 75

Which of the following medication categories is used by bulimics to induce vomiting?

A) anticoagulants
B) diuretics
C) emetics
D) cathartics

Question 76

Which of the following symptom is key for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?

A) weight loss
B) amenorrhea
C) distorted body image
D) fear of gaining weight

Question 77

Lean tissue is less metabolically active than fat tissue.

Question 78

Which of the following eating disorders has been reported to most readily respond to treatment?

A) pica
B) bulimia
C) anorexia
D) binge eating disorder

Question 79

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise even when body mass index BMI) values are normal.

Question 80

Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.