Question 1

You are an act utilitarian if you believe that&#10;A)an act is wrong if it is culturally unacceptable.&#10;B)an act should be performed if it brings about the best consequences for everyone affected.&#10;C)an act should not be performed if there is a clear conflict of interest.&#10;D)an act should be performed if you benefit from it.

Accepted Answer

Act utilitarianism is the ethical theory that posits an action is morally right if it produces the best possible results in that specific situation, considering the happiness and well-being of all affected individuals.

Question 2

Carol Gilligan suggests that a basis for morality must include&#10;A)care.&#10;B)consequences.&#10;C)the moral law.&#10;D)virtue.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan, in her critique of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, argues that a basis for morality must include care, emphasizing relationships and the ethic of care as a critical component of moral reasoning and development.

Question 3

Who said that the self-interests of rational human beings would never conflict?&#10;A)Albert Einstein&#10;B)Bertrand Russell&#10;C)Ayn Rand&#10;D)Edward Teller

Accepted Answer

Ayn Rand, a philosopher and novelist, is known for her philosophy of Objectivism, which posits that rational individuals acting in their own self-interest would not have conflicting interests. This idea is central to her moral and political philosophy, emphasizing individual rights and capitalism.

Question 4

Consequentialists believe that the central part of moral action is&#10;A)the self.&#10;B)the virtues.&#10;C)the other.&#10;D)the consequences.

Accepted Answer

Consequentialists argue that the morality of an action is determined by its outcomes or consequences, hence the focus on the consequences of actions as the central part of moral evaluation.

Question 5

Utilitarianism was developed in its modern form by the British philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham.

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism, as a comprehensive ethical theory advocating for actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number, was indeed developed in its modern form by British philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham laid the foundational principles, and Mill further refined and expanded upon them.

Question 6

All human beings should act in their own self-interest according to the&#10;A)universal ethical egoist.&#10;B)psychological egoist.&#10;C)personal ethical egoist.&#10;D)individual ethical egoist.

Accepted Answer

Universal ethical egoism posits that all individuals should act in their own self-interest as a matter of ethical principle, making it the correct choice.

Question 7

So called &#34;feminist ethics&#34; involves the belief that&#10;A)men are more mature morally.&#10;B)women are more mature morally.&#10;C)women think about ethics differently than men.&#10;D)men are from Mars, women are from Venus.

Accepted Answer

Feminist ethics suggests that there may be important differences in how women and men approach ethical decision-making, not necessarily that one gender is more morally mature than the other. It explores the idea that women might have different perspectives or ways of thinking about ethics due to different socialization or life experiences.

Question 8

One of the main difficulties of consequentialist theories is that&#10;A)they are based solely on our duties at the time.&#10;B)it is very difficult to discover and determine all possible consequences.&#10;C)they emphasize the person or character at the expense of action.&#10;D)they are based exclusively on our selfish interests.

Accepted Answer

Consequentialist theories, such as utilitarianism, focus on the outcomes of actions to determine their moral worth. A major challenge with this approach is predicting and evaluating all potential consequences of an action, which can be complex and uncertain.

Question 9

The problem with utilitarians is that they are too focused on the minority.

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism is a moral theory that focuses on maximizing happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people, rather than specifically focusing on minorities.

Question 10

Lawrence Kohlberg believed that women and men were equal in moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development was criticized by Carol Gilligan for its male-centered bias, arguing that it did not adequately describe the concern for relationships and care-based morality that characterizes much of women's moral reasoning.

Question 11

The two major views in the history of ethics are consequentialism and nonconsequentialism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two major views in the history...

Question 12

Gilligan's &#34;Care Ethics&#34; argues for a balance between the principles of care and justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gilligan's &#34;Care Ethics&#34; argues for a balance...

Question 13

The problem with egoistic theories is that what they claim ought to be advocated cannot be stated since to do so would undermine the major principle of egoism: self-interest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The problem with egoistic theories is that...

Question 14

Rule utilitarians think that&#10;A)everyone should act only on universal exceptionless rules.&#10;B)everyone should act only according to the rule &#34;the end does not justify the means.&#34;&#10;C)everyone should act according to the rule that brings about the most good for all.&#10;D)everyone should act according to the rule that is in their self-interest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rule utilitarians think that&#10;A)everyone should act only...

Question 15

Utilitarianism is an egoistic theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Utilitarianism is an egoistic theory....

Question 16

Many philosophers believe that there is no connection between the way people do act and the way they ought to act.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many philosophers believe that there is no...

Question 17

Who argued that an action is right if it helps in &#34;bringing about a desirable or good end&#34;?&#10;A)The deontologists&#10;B)The ethical egoists&#10;C)The Mormons&#10;D)The utilitarians

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who argued that an action is right...

Question 18

The distinction between psychological egoism and ethical egoism is that one is true and the other is false.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The distinction between psychological egoism and ethical...

Question 19

All utilitarians agree &#34;the end justifies the means.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of All utilitarians agree &#34;the end justifies the...

Question 20

If you are a psychological egoist you believe&#10;A)that people should help others.&#10;B)that people ought to help animals.&#10;C)that people always or often do help themselves.&#10;D)that people should or ought to help themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are a psychological egoist you...

Deck 2: Consequentialist Teleologicaltheories of Morality