Deck 24: Urinary System

Question 1

Which blood vessels are primarily concerned with reabsorption?

A) renal artery
B) glomeruli
C) renal vein
D) peritubular capillaries

Answer 1

peritubular capillaries

Question 2

The calyces receive urine from the

A) proximal convoluted tubule.
B) collecting ducts.
C) glomeruli.
D) peritubular capillaries.

Answer 2

collecting ducts.

Question 3

The renal cortex descends between the pyramids as the

A) pelvis.
B) collecting ducts.
C) calyces.
D) renal columns.

Answer 3

renal columns.

Question 4

This structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder.

A) urethra
B) trigone
C) urinary meatus
D) ureter

Question 5

The urinary meatus is a part of the

A) ureter.
B) urinary bladder.
C) urethra.
D) collecting duct.

Question 6

The efferent arterioles extend to become the

A) peritubular capillaries.
B) afferent arterioles.
C) glomeruli.
D) renal artery.

Question 7

ADH exerts its effects on the

A) proximal convoluted tubule.
B) afferent arteriole.
C) collecting duct.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 8

Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle)into the

A) glomeruli.
B) proximal convoluted tubule.
C) distal convoluted tubule.
D) ureter.

Question 9

Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?

A) filtration
B) storage
C) reabsorption
D) buffering of H⁺

Question 10

The urinary tract is lined with

A) serous membrane.
B) the renal capsule.
C) mucous membrane.
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D) tubular epithelium.

Question 11

What is the urine-making structure of the kidney?

A) trigone
B) renal pyramid
C) renal capsule
D) nephron unit

Question 12

Which of the following is not "plumbing"?

A) glomeruli
B) ureters
C) urinary bladder
D) urethra

Question 13

The word voiding refers to

A) urine formation.
B) catheterization.
C) micturition.
D) cystitis.

Question 14

The detrusor muscle is located in the

A) urethra.
B) renal pelvis.
C) urinary bladder.
D) glomeruli.

Question 15

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

A) peritubular capillaries.
B) collecting duct.
C) descending limb (loop of Henle).
D) glomeruli.

Question 16

The renal capsule

A) lines the tubules.
B) lines the urinary bladder.
C) surrounds the kidneys.
D) outlines the trigone.

Question 17

Which of the following is correct?

A) one kidney
B) one ureter
C) two urinary bladders
D) one urethra

Question 18

What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?

A) peritubular capillaries
B) renal artery
C) glomerulus
D) renal veins

Question 19

Where does aldosterone exert its effects?

A) glomeruli
B) efferent arteriole
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) ascending limb (loop of Henle)

Question 20

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?

A) carotid
B) portal
C) celiac axis
D) renal

Question 21

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

A) detrusor muscle
B) trigone
C) nephron units
D) urethra

Question 22

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

A) potassium
B) urea
C) water
D) albumin

Question 23

Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of

A) sodium.
B) bicarbonate.
C) water.
D) potassium.

Question 24

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)secretes

A) aldosterone.
B) ADH.
C) angiotensin.
D) renin.

Question 25

Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate?

A) albumin
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) water

Question 26

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A) reabsorbs K⁺ and eliminates Na⁺ in the urine.
B) causes albuminuria.
C) expands blood volume.
D) causes hematuria.

Question 27

The renal excretion of Na⁺ is generally accompanied by the excretion of

A) bicarbonate.
B) water.
C) albumin.
D) renin.

Question 28

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)is located near the

A) collecting duct.
B) afferent arteriole.
C) ureter.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 29

Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of

A) K⁺.
B) Na⁺.
C) water.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 30

This substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine;there is minimal reabsorption.

A) albumin
B) glucose
C) sodium
D) creatinine

Question 31

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

A) urine formation.
B) micturition.
C) sodium reabsorption.
D) potassium excretion.

Question 32

Which of the following is not located within the urinary bladder?

A) trigone
B) detrusor muscle
C) internal sphincter
D) calyces

Question 33

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the

A) kidneys.
B) meatus.
C) urinary bladder.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 34

Bowman's capsule is part of the

A) nephron unit.
B) renal pelvis.
C) collecting duct.
D) urinary bladder.

Question 35

Renin activates

A) aldosterone.
B) converting enzyme.
C) angiotensinogen.
D) angiotensin II.

Question 36

The internal and external sphincters are associated with (the)

A) renal pelvis.
B) Bowman's capsule.
C) juxtaglomerular apparatus.
D) urinary bladder.

Question 37

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

A) oversecretion of aldosterone
B) decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C) deficiency of ADH
D) activation of angiotensinogen

Question 38

Aldosterone

A) depletes blood volume.
B) causes potassium reabsorption.
C) causes sodium excretion.
D) causes Na⁺ and water reabsorption.

Question 39

Pyuria is indicative of

A) infection.
B) glomerular damage.
C) deficiency of ADH.
D) excess secretion of aldosterone.

Question 40

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

A) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
B) secreted in response to low blood volume and concentrated plasma (as in dehydration)
C) causes the renal excretion of sodium,potassium,and water
D) a deficiency causes diabetes insipidus

Question 41

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

A) 180 L of water is filtered into the tubules.
B) Renin is secreted.
C) Urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle.
D) Sodium and water are reabsorbed.

Question 42

The urinary bladder

A) contains only skeletal muscle.
B) receives urine from two urethras.
C) causes diuresis in response to ADH deficiency.
D) causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes.

Question 43

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

A) a bladder infection
B) urethritis
C) glomerular disease
D) deficiency of ADH

Question 44

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete this hormone.

A) renin
B) aldosterone
C) erythropoietin
D) converting enzyme

Question 45

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

A) oliguria
B) albuminuria
C) cystitis
D) glomerulonephritis

Question 46

Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?

A) oliguria
B) anemia
C) albuminuria
D) cystitis

Question 47

Under normal conditions,this substance is present in the urine.

A) creatinine
B) fibrinogen
C) myosin
D) albumin

Question 48

Aldosterone

A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B) acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water.
C) stimulates the reabsorption of water,but has no effect on potassium.
D) is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

Question 49

Which hormone affects blood volume?

A) PTH
B) erythropoietin
C) insulin
D) aldosterone

Question 50

A diuretic

A) causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine.
B) causes hyperglycemia.
C) blocks the effects of PTH.
D) stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries.

Question 51

ADH

A) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
B) is a mineralocorticoid that is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C) stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water.
D) increases GFR.

Question 52

What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?

A) peritubular capillaries
B) glomeruli
C) calyces
D) trigone

Question 53

Renal failure causes anemia because of

A) a lack of erythropoietin.
B) gross hematuria.
C) uremia-induced hemolysis.
D) uremia-induced hypokalemia.

Question 54

With regard to reabsorption,which structure plays the most important role?

A) glomeruli
B) renal pelvis
C) urinary bladder
D) peritubular capillaries

Question 55

Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?

A) polyuria
B) diuresis
C) micturition
D) dialysis

Question 56

Creatinine is

A) completely reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries.
B) a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed.
C) a renal enzyme that activates angiotensinogen.
D) a renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

Question 57

What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine?

A) The kidneys are making too much creatinine.
B) Too much creatinine is being reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries.
C) The kidneys are not filtering creatinine;this is a sign of kidney failure.
D) The kidneys are excreting too much urine.

Question 58

Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?

A) renal failure
B) diuresis
C) urinary retention
D) cystitis

Question 59

In the process of secretion,a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries into this structure.

A) glomeruli
B) calyces
C) renal pelvis
D) tubules

Question 60

A drug is classified as a diuretic.Most likely the drug

A) decreases GFR.
B) blocks the tubular reabsorption of Na⁺.
C) activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D) causes the release of ADH.

Question 61

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

A) Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule.
B) The JGA cells release ADH.
C) The JGA cells release aldosterone.
D) Na+ is reabsorbed.

Question 62

The distal convoluted tubule

A) receives urine from the collecting duct.
B) reabsorbs Na⁺ in response to aldosterone.
C) is the nephron structure that is primarily associated with filtration.
D) empties its urine into Bowman's capsule.

Question 63

A patient with stenosis (narrowing)of the renal artery is most likely to present with

A) uremia.
B) hypertension.
C) albuminuria,hypoalbuminemia,and edema.
D) glucosuria.

Question 64

When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/50 mm Hg,

A) GFR decreases.
B) diuresis occurs.
C) aldosterone secretion decreases.
D) ADH secretion diminishes.