Deck 8: Water

Question 1

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client's fluid volume is low?
1) Hand veins taking longer than 5 seconds to refill
2) Periorbital edema
3) Single longitudinal furrow on the tongue
4) Widening pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Usually, the amount of urine excreted by the body every 24 hours is approximately equal to the amount of fluid:
1) Consumed as oral fluids
2) Contained in foods
3) Resulting from the metabolism of foods
4) Included in all of these sources

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The task of returning water to the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract is performed by the:
1) Large intestine
2) Liver
3) Small intestine
4) Stomach

Answer 3

1

Question 4

The condition in which a person's mechanism to regulate body temperature has failed is:
1) Dehydration
2) Fever
3) Heat exhaustion
4) Heatstroke

Question 5

In the blood, carbon dioxide is transported as:
1) Calcium carbonate
2) Carbon monoxide
3) Carbonic acid
4) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 6

The hormone that causes the kidney to conserve sodium and thus retain water is:
1) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
2) Adrenaline
3) Aldosterone
4) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

Children reach the adult proportion of body water to body weight at about:
1) 1 year of age
2) 2 years of age
3) 3 years of age
4) 4 years of age

Question 8

The mineral that has the most influence on extracellular fluid osmolality is:
1) Calcium
2) Chloride
3) Potassium
4) Sodium

Question 9

Which of the following persons would have the greatest percentage of body weight as water?
1) 2-lb premature infant
2) Normal newborn of 7 lb 6 oz
3) 140-lb woman of 5 ft 4 in
4) 175-lb man of 5 ft 10 in

Question 10

Edema is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the ______ space(s).
1) Interstitial
2) Intravascular
3) Intracellular
4) Transcellular

Question 11

Milliequivalent is a term used to describe the:
1) Weight of a substance in a solution
2) Volume occupied by a substance in a solution
3) Number of particles of a substance in a solution
4) Combined atomic numbers of all the substances in a solution

Question 12

A pH of less than which of the following would indicate acidosis?
1) 7
2) 7.35
3) 7.45
4) 7.59

Question 13

An isotonic solution has:
1) The same pH as blood
2) More ions per unit volume than blood
3) More water per unit volume than blood
4) Osmotic pressure equal to that of blood

Question 14

Insensible water loss of 800 to 1000 mL/day occurs through the:
1) Intestine and lungs
2) Kidney and skin
3) Kidney and intestine
4) Skin and lungs

Question 15

The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called ______ excretion.
1) Discretionary
2) Mandatory
3) Obligatory
4) Optional

Question 16

The hormone from the posterior pituitary that leads to water retention is:
1) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
2) Antidiuretic hormone
3) Growth hormone
4) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 17

Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with insufficient fluid volume?
1) Increased urine output, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin
2) Decreased urine output, decreased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin
3) Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin
4) Increased urine output, decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin

Question 18

Which of the following energy nutrients supplies the greatest amount of water produced by their metabolism?
1) Alcohol
2) Carbohydrate
3) Fat
4) Protein

Question 19

Which of the following refers to an atom that carries an electrical charge?
1) Buffer
2) Electrolyte
3) Ion
4) Milliequivalent

Question 20

With which client would assessing skin turgor be unreliable for evaluating fluid balance?
1) 4-lb infant
2) 3-year-old child
3) 30-year-old pregnant woman
4) 80-year-old man

Question 21

A person has gained 7 lbs in a week. If this were all due to retained fluid, the 7 lbs would equal approximately how many liters of excess fluid?
1) 1.5
2) 3.2
3) 5
4) 7

Question 22

A client is permitted ice chips to alleviate thirst. He consumes the entire 8-ounce (240-mL) cup. The nurse would record the intake as which of the following?
1) 240 mL
2) 120 mL
3) 60 mL
4) 30 mL

Question 23

A nurse documents that a client has ascites, which indicates accumulation of fluid in which area?
1) Small intestine
2) Liver
3) Chest cavity
4) Abdominal cavity

Question 24

After reviewing the functions of water, the need for additional study is indicated when which of the following is stated as a function of water?
1) Carrier of waste products
2) Lubricant
3) Medium for chemical reactions
4) Source of energy