Deck 18: Diet in Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Mr. J has read in the general press about the link between antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Which of the following suggestions is the best advice to give him?
1) Drink a glass of red wine twice a day.
2) Take dietary supplements of the antioxidant vitamins in recommend dietary allowance amounts.
3) Include a citrus fruit or beverage with every meal.
4) Eat a generous amount of various fruits and vegetables.

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease is changeable?
1) Age
2) Family history
3) Hypertension
4) Gender

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to cardiovascular health by lowering triglyceride levels and reducing platelet aggregation. Good sources of these fatty acids are:
1) Lobster, bass, and oysters
2) Catfish, shrimp, and clams
3) Perch, walleye, and pike
4) Herring, salmon, and rainbow trout

Answer 3

4

Question 4

A client has been taught means to lower dietary cholesterol. Choosing which of the following snack items would indicate learning?
1) Rye bread and 1% fat cottage cheese
2) Vegetable sticks with sour cream dip
3) Decaffeinated coffee with 2% milk
4) Assorted crackers with pineapple cheese spread

Question 5

Which of the following signs is a component of metabolic syndrome?
1) Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
2) Body weight
3) Postprandial blood glucose
4) Blood pressure

Question 6

Which of the following actions by a client indicates a need for additional instruction on decreasing fat and cholesterol in the diet?
1) I avoid bacon, coconuts, and olives.
2) I make sure to skim fat from meat drippings before using for gravy.
3) I substitute sour cream for low-fat yogurt.
4) I use only vegetable oil sprays when cooking.

Question 7

Which of the following substances carry cholesterol to the liver to process for excretion?
1) Chylomicrons
2) High-density lipoproteins
3) Low-density lipoproteins
4) Very low-density lipoproteins

Question 8

Which of the following factors would be least likely to increase a person's risk of heart disease?
1) Elevated low-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
2) Low blood pressure
3) Obesity
4) Diabetes mellitus

Question 9

When teaching a client to read labels, the nurse would instruct a client that products labeled "low sodium" must contain less than how many milligrams of sodium per serving?
1) 70
2) 100
3) 140
4) 180

Question 10

Which of the following groups of seasonings is permitted on a sodium-restricted diet?
1) Bay leaves, curry powder, and lemon extract
2) Mayonnaise, barbecue sauce, and celery salt
3) Horseradish sauce, pickle relish, and prepared mustard
4) Chili sauce, soy sauce, and au jus mix

Question 11

Which of the following blood pressure readings would the nurse identify as Stage 1?
1) 118/78 mm Hg
2) 136/86 mm Hg
3) 146/96 mm Hg 4.168/102 mm Hg

Question 12

Which of the following is an appropriate suggestion for feeding a client with hemiplegia after a stroke?
1) Place the food on the unaffected side of the tongue.
2) A semireclining position offers the most comfort to the client.
3) Turn the client's head toward the unaffected side to aid in swallowing.
4) Clear liquids are usually the easiest to swallow for the client with dysphagia.

Question 13

Monounsaturated fats may help lower blood cholesterol levels. Which of the following are would the nurse identify as mainly monounsaturated?
1) Safflower and sunflower oils
2) Canola and peanut oils
3) Sunflower seed and soybean oils
4) Corn oil and corn oil margarine

Question 14

Individuals receiving sodium-restricted diets should avoid drinking:
1) Bottled water
2) Softened water
3) Distilled water
4) Deionized water

Question 15

Which of the following foods would a nurse identify as being highest in sodium?
1) Canned carrots, processed cheddar cheese, and Canadian bacon
2) Aged Swiss cheese, pork chops, and fresh broccoli
3) Fresh eggs, instant rice and beans, and lemonade
4) Apricot nectar, poached salmon, and fresh green salad

Question 16

Clients with chronic heart failure are likely to receive which type of diet?
1) High fiber
2) Low fat
3) Low residue
4) Sodium restricted

Question 17

At which age range is it recommended that children should undergo initial cholesterol screening?
1) 5-7 years
2) 9-11 years
3) 13-15 years
4) 18-21 years

Question 18

Which of the following substances transport cholesterol to the cells?
1) Chylomicrons
2) High-density lipoproteins
3) Low-density lipoproteins
4) Very low-density lipoproteins

Question 19

Which of the following is a protective factor against heart disease?
1) Elevated HDLs
2) Moderate hypertension
3) Apple-shaped obesity
4) Postmenopausal female sex

Question 20

Which of the following statements best summarizes the dietary treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia?
1) Sugar is restricted for these clients because sucrose stimulates triglyceride production by the body.
2) Fat and cholesterol are the most important dietary components to regulate.
3) Alcohol in any form is forbidden for all clients with hyperlipoproteinemia.
4) Because all hyperlipoproteinemias are not the same, neither are the dietary treatments.

Question 21

A person attempting to implement lifestyle changes proven to reduce cardiovascular disease risk should limit dietary cholesterol intake to how many milligrams per day?
1) 100
2) 200
3) 300
4) 400

Question 22

A client has been advised to limit sodium intake and seeks information on the use of salt substitutes. In which situation would their use entail the least apparent risk?
1) When the client has kidney disease
2) When the client is taking potassium-sparing diuretics
3) When the client is taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
4) When the client is taking digitalis

Question 23

A nurse is assessing a male client and obtains his waist measurement. The nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cardiovascular disease based on which measurement?
1) 32 inches
2) 36 inches
3) 39 inches
4) 40 inches

Question 24

Which of the following would be least appropriate for a person with heart failure to help obtain adequate nutrition?
1) Providing liquid supplements between meals
2) Encouraging light exercise before meals
3) Selecting easily digested foods
4) Avoiding large meals

Question 25

The 2000-kilocalorie DASH diet recommends which of the following as daily intake?
1) 2 to 3 servings of meats
2) 3 to 5 servings of dairy products
3) 4 to 6 servings of nuts, seeds, and legumes
4) 4 to 5 servings of fruits