Deck 14: Revolution: in the Name of Justice

Question 1

Revolutionary change is most often organized from the lower classes, and all such changes depend on the success of the attempts of the new government to squash corruption.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The American revolutionaries of 1776 saw and believed that there was an "intimate relationship" between the words
of their Declaration of Independence and the deeds they performed.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to James C. Davies's theory, revolutions will be shorter and less violent in countries that previously experienced great economic growth followed a steep decline.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The nonviolent transition from communist dictatorship to constitutional government in Czechoslovakia is known as the Orange Revolution.

Question 5

What was the "Lockean attitude" that many of the American revolutionaries possessed?

A) The revolutionary leaders were very bold in reaching for their goals.
B) The revolutionaries saw the war as a necessary evil.
C) The revolutionaries were convinced that they had divine power on their side.
D) The revolutionaries had a more pragmatic approach to government and for dealing with Britain.
E) The revolutionaries thought that oppressed people all over the world would come to their aid.

Question 6

Although the American Revolution can be seen as "a revolution of sober goals," the French Revolution was seen as having "infinite expectations."

Question 7

The storming of the Bastille brought an end to the French Revolution.

Question 8

The Reign of Terror refers to the time immediately prior to the American Revolution.

Question 9

Locke argued that his doctrine of rebellion could serve as a deterrent to revolution.

Question 10

According to Harvard sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, the was the bloodiest and most turbulent in our history.

A) sixteenth century
B) seventeenth century
C) eighteenth century
D) nineteenth century
E) twentieth century

Question 11

Thomas Paine spent time in a French prison during the French Revolution.

Question 12

Revolutions are, by definition, violent political phenomenon.

Question 13

Tocqueville argued that economic improvement led to revolution because once people saw that some improvement was possible, they inevitably yearned for more.

Question 14

Aristotle, Madison, and Marx all saw the perennial tension between rich and poor as a key problem in political life.

Question 15

What did Thomas Jefferson believe was the responsibility of government to those it governed?

A) To avoid corruption at all costs
B) To maintain a strong military
C) To conform to the will of the majority
D) To protect the needs of the minority
E) To embrace democracy

Question 16

Although the new American government could have easily been taken over or supplanted, what helped to defuse and prevent these types of conspiracies and cabals?

A) Concern for legitimacy
B) Concern for constitutionality
C) Concern for the rule of law
D) Concern for irony
E) Concern for liberty

Question 17

About 40 countries experienced some sort of military takeover from 1945 to 1970.

Question 18

Edmund Burke believed that lofty concepts such as liberty and equality endangered public order and triggered the
French Revolution.

Question 19

According to Jefferson, a government's legitimacy can be traced to the ability to protect the freedoms of the
individual and how it conforms to the will of the majority.

Question 20

Which government document made human rights the philosophical basis of good government departing significantly from past precedent and contemporary practice?

A) The Federalist Papers
B) The Declaration of the Rights of Man
C) The Declaration of Independence
D) The Second Treatise of Government
E) The Federalist Papers

Question 21

What was true of Locke's writing about revolution in his Second Treatise of Government?

A) Locke promoted the notion of nonviolent revolution.
B) Locke put an end to the doctrine of divine right.
C) Locke believed that revolution would lead to political revitalization and social improvement.
D) Locke argued that people should exercise the power of "force without right."
E) Locke thought that the new governments resulting from revolutions were always better than the governments they replaced.

Question 22

Which political philosopher argued that the greatest injustice a government could commit was the denial of the people's right to choose their own government?

A) Edmund Burke
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Ted Gurr
D) Thomas Paine
E) John Locke

Question 23

For a revolution to occur, theorists say that all of the following conditions must exist EXCEPT

A) charismatic leaders must rise and be willing to risk overthrowing the government.
B) revolutionaries will have secured the support of those in high positions.
C) resistance by the existing government.
D) military leaders stand in support of the revolution.
E) popular perceptions of injustice.

Question 24

How did Gurr and Gladstone reconceptualize the idea of a modern revolution?

A) As a struggle between social classes
B) As a desire to destroy the prevailing social order
C) As a new belief that political struggle can change social and economic structures
D) As a desire to vent public frustrations and exercise their right to revolt
E) As an interactive process that occurs over time

Question 25

Karl Marx declared to be the ultimate cause for all revolutions.

A) poverty and social alienation
B) restriction of liberty
C) economic improvement
D) inequality in wealth
E) the perception that government leaders are inept

Question 26

After studying the Egyptian and Russian revolutions, what did James C. Davies conclude about revolutions?

A) They blossom from smaller rebellions.
B) They are, by nature, violent.
C) They rely on the elite for leadership.
D) They are motivated by a rejection of authoritarian governments.
E) They typically occur when conditions get better for a while and then suddenly turn worse.

Question 27

Which country's revolution occurred with little or no bloodshed?

A) United States
B) France
C) Soviet Union
D) Egypt
E) Tunisia

Question 28

What did Locke believe could serve as a deterrent to revolution?

A) The doctrine of rebellion
B) Fear of anarchy
C) Consent of the governed to be governed
D) Desire to protect liberty, equality and property
E) A strong military

Question 29

Which political philosopher argued that tyrants cannot afford to institute reforms because to do so would be to admit past injustices and activate "the rancor and cupidity of the populace"?

A) Aristotle
B) Alexis de Tocqueville
C) Karl Marx
D) John Locke
E) Alexander Hamilton

Question 30

Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution

A) was about ending poverty.
B) was based on a statement of core rights and principles.
C) produced the first successful republican government.
D) was always likely to succeed.
E) involved issues of taxation.

Question 31

What document enshrined the egalitarian spirit and slogan of the French revolution: liberty, equality, and fraternity?

A) The Republic
B) The Declaration of the Rights of Man
C) The Declaration of Independence
D) The Magna Carta
E) Two Treatises on Government

Question 32

How do revolts differ from revolutions?

A) Revolts are nonviolent.
B) Revolts are mass movements.
C) Revolts only involve a small subset of the population.
D) Revolts do not include social upheaval.
E) Revolts do not result in a change in the government.

Question 33

What was the "Reign of Terror?"

A) Robespierre's response to rising political opposition
B) Hitler's purge of his "Brown Shirts"
C) British name for the march to Boston back from Concord in April 1775
D) Stalin's purge of the unfaithful
E) John Locke's theory about government and the current political climate

Question 34

Edmund Burke believed that political society is best founded on

A) the protection of human rights.
B) religion and tradition.
C) the philosophy of rationalism.
D) the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
E) scientific principles.

Question 35

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Robespierre's revolutionary vision?

A) The creation of a "new citizen"
B) The "despotism of liberty"
C) Compassion for the poor
D) A regime of virtue
E) Individual freedom