Deck 11: The Economy and Work

Question 1

Which term refers to an economy in which the people live off the land and have little or no surplus?

A) Capitalist
B) Welfare
C) Socialist
D) Subsistence
E) Horticulturalist

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which economic system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition?

A) Socialism
B) Capitalism
C) Democratic socialism
D) Industrialism
E) Postindustrialism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is underemployment?

A) Working at a job that one is not qualified for
B) Working at a job that is beneath one's training
C) Working for cash
D) Working at two jobs
E) Not working at all

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which form of capitalism only exists in a society when market forces are able to operate without government interference?

A) State
B) Laissez-faire
C) Corporate
D) Socialist
E) Welfare

Question 5

Which invention ushered in the industrial societies?

A) The plow
B) Money
C) The steam engine
D) The computer
E) The trading centre

Question 6

As industrialization created a greater and greater surplus, what did people begin to emphasize?

A) The production of goods rather than the consumption of goods
B) The consumption of goods rather than production of goods
C) Consumption and a concern for salvation
D) Productivity and consumption
E) The productivity and investment of profits

Question 7

Once people began to breed animals and cultivate plants it was possible to accumulate a surplus, trade with others, and develop a specialized division of labour. What also occurred in these societies?

A) Greater equality
B) Greater independence
C) Greater cohesion
D) Greater inequality
E) Greater integration

Question 8

Daniel Bell suggests that key elements of the postindustrial society include .

A) a gigantic manufacturing sector and a decreased surplus
B) an "information explosion" and a global village
C) a service sector small enough to employ only a minority of workers
D) an "information explosion" and a switch to nationalism
E) a global village and decreased conspicuous consumption

Question 9

After the invention of the plow, in which societies did even greater social, political, and economic inequality develop?

A) Agricultural
B) Subsistence
C) Industrial
D) Pastoral
E) Hunting and gathering

Question 10

Which social institution is a system of producing, distributing, and exchanging goods and services?

A) Economy
B) Market
C) Politics
D) Trade
E) Banking

Question 11

Which term refers to pure capitalism?

A) Democratic capitalism
B) Welfare capitalism
C) Caisses populaires capitalism
D) Laissez-faire capitalism
E) Social capitalism

Question 12

In a democratic socialist economy, who engages in production and distribution for profit?

A) The state
B) Both the state and individuals
C) Individuals
D) The workers
E) The owners

Question 13

Martin lives in a postindustrial society. When he purchases something, he will often have the purchase charged directly against his bank account. What does Martin use in order to do this?

A) A credit card
B) Cash
C) A debit card
D) E-cash
E) A transfer card

Question 14

Between 1970 and 2007, the top 1 percent of Canada's income earners reported a dramatic increase in their share of total income, from in 1980 to in 2007.a. 2 percent; 3.4 percent

A) 8.1 percent; 13.3 percent
B) 16.3 percent; 9.8 percent
C) 1 percent; 20 percent
D) 10 percent; 2 percent

Question 15

Which is the mechanism by which we establish values in order to exchange goods and services?

A) Market
B) Economy
C) Barter system
D) Trade balance
E) Credit system

Question 16

Albert has a condo in an exclusive neighbourhood and wears Armani suits, solid gold chains, and a Rolex watch. He recently purchased a Porsche and a speedboat. According to Thorstein Veblen, Albert's orientation is one of .

A) reaping the rewards of success
B) ostentatious accumulation
C) pretentious consumption
D) conspicuous consumption
E) living the good life

Question 17

What is the sociological significance of trade and surplus?

A) They make us all richer.
B) They improve international relations.
C) They tell us which society we are studying.
D) They foster social inequality.
E) They are better than subsistence economies.

Question 18

Which economic system is characterized by public ownership of the means of production, central planning, and the distribution of goods without a profit motive?

A) Democratic socialism
B) Capitalism
C) Socialism
D) Industrialism
E) Postindustrialism

Question 19

What is Thorstein Veblen's term for an eagerness to show off wealth?

A) Capitalism
B) Commercialism
C) Protestant ethic
D) Conspicuous consumption
E) Elitism

Question 20

In Canada, what limits a person's ability to immediately produce and sell a product that he or she has discovered or invented?

A) The patent law
B) The law of supply and demand
C) Market restraints
D) Social forces
E) Market forces

Question 21

Form 1960 to 2002, the production of steel in Canada increased threefold to almost 14.5 million tonnes a year, but the number of people employed fell from .

A) 25 200 to 27 200
B) 30 500 to 25 500
C) 36 500 to 27 200
D) 38 000 to 25 500
E) 41 300 to 20 000

Question 22

Michael Useem suggests that members of the inner circle, a group that heads the multinational corporations, are united by a mutual interest. What is this interest?

A) To work together to protect political interests and further their success
B) To introduce a new economic system, neo-capitalism
C) To eliminate all competition among themselves
D) To promote competition among themselves
E) To preserve capitalism

Question 23

Which of the following is characterized by rigorous education, a theoretical perspective, self-regulation, authority over clients, and a professional culture to work for the public good?

A) Profession
B) Position
C) Occupation
D) Job
E) Corporate elite

Question 24

Which value system is characterized by the belief in conventional morality and social mores and a desire to preserve them through civil law and regulation?

A) Welfare capitalism
B) Social conservatism
C) Monopoly capitalism
D) Capitalism
E) Neoliberalism

Question 25

Thomas works for a small bookstore in his town. He is not unionized but his rights are still protected under which act?

A) Ontario Employment Equity Act
B) Canadian Employment Equity Act
C) Labour Relations Act
D) Employment Standards Act
E) Small Business Employee Act

Question 26

Sweden and Denmark have developed an economic system in which both the state and individuals engage in production and distribution. Which term refers to this economic system?

A) State capitalism
B) Democratic socialism
C) Democratic capitalism
D) Communism
E) Laissez-faire socialism

Question 27

In 2012, Statistics Canada reported that men report significantly larger percentages of unemployment than women in .

A) the Prairies
B) the Atlantic provinces and British Columbia
C) Quebec
D) Quebec and Ontario
E) the Canadian Shield

Question 28

Which term refers to a new expansion in time and space of the free market?

A) Neoliberalism
B) Neocapitalism
C) Social conservatism
D) Communism
E) Democratic conservatism

Question 29

Since 1951, which industry has grown the most in the Canadian economy?

A) Agriculture
B) Manufacturing
C) Trade
D) Construction
E) Community, business, and personal service

Question 30

Which shape best describes the pattern of leisure over the life course?

A) A "U"
B) A "W"
C) A circle
D) A straight line
E) An inverted "U"

Question 31

Which term did Durkheim use to describe the sense of unity that develops in a society with a division of labour and economic interdependence?

A) Submechanical solidarity
B) Mechanical solidarity
C) Organic solidarity
D) Supermechanical solidarity
E) Suborganic solidarity

Question 32

Asira lives in a preindustrial society and is engaged in the same type of work as others in her society. All members share most aspects of their life. According to Durkheim, the members of Asira's society have a sense of unity based on _ .

A) gemellschaft
B) unchanging solidarity
C) gesellschaft
D) mechanical solidarity
E) organic solidarity

Question 33

Daniel Bell identified six characteristics of the postindustrial society, including all the following, except:

A) huge surplus of goods.
B) extensive trade among nations.c. a wide variety and quantity of goods available to the average person.d. an "information explosion."
E) conspicuous consumption.

Question 34

What has happened in China since the adoption of capitalism?

A) The Communist Party has lost power.
B) You no longer need connections to become wealthy.
C) Wealth is being produced.
D) The peasants have been left with nothing.
E) Everyone has become equally rich.

Question 35

We are told that information technology is responsible for eliminating all the good jobs in the industries, but that new jobs in the sector are being created.

A) service; industrial
B) traditional; manufacturing
C) traditional; service
D) public; private
E) agricultural; industrial

Question 36

In Canada today the majority of workers are employed in the _ sector of the economy.

A) tertiary
B) manufacturing
C) primary
D) secondary
E) academic

Question 37

According to conflict theorists, who bears the brunt of new technologies?

A) Low-level workers
B) Wealthy individuals
C) Shareholders
D) Multinationals
E) Managers

Question 38

Horace and Samir are employed by the West Central Paper Company. Horace is a lumberjack and Samir is employed as a pulp processor. Horace would be employed in the sector and Samir would be employed in the sector of the economy.

A) secondary; primary
B) tertiary; secondary
C) primary; secondary
D) secondary; tertiary
E) primary; tertiary

Question 39

The average Canadian works fewer hours than workers in which country?

A) Germany
B) Sweden
C) The United States
D) Japan
E) France

Question 40

Which is the current form of Canadian capitalism?

A) Welfare or state capitalism
B) A combination of oligopoly and state capitalism
C) Oligopoly
D) Monopoly
E) Laissez-faire capitalism

Question 41

An emphasis on showing off wealth by the "elaborate consumption of goods" is referred to as conspicuous consumption.

Question 42

The inequalities between rich and poor are greater in Canada than in the United States.

Question 43

Laissez-faire capitalism exists only when market forces operate without government interference.

Question 44

In the work world of Canada, women are more likely to .

A) emphasize collaboration, power, and competition
B) stress collaboration, persuasion, and helping
C) stress individualism, persuasion, and competition
D) emphasize collaboration, power, and helping
E) emphasize individualism, power, and competition

Question 45

In a postindustrial society there is less variety and fewer quantities of goods.

Question 46

A debit card is a device that allows its owner, who has been pre-approved for a set amount of credit, to purchase goods without an immediate exchange of money.

Question 47

What has helped many Canadians increase the amount of time they can spend in leisure activities?

A) Technology
B) The underground economy
C) The quiet revolution
D) Unionization
E) Legislation

Question 48

Many Canadians have increased the amount of time spent in leisure activities, but today is a more pressing issue.

A) increasing vacation time
B) job sharing
C) shortening leisure time
D) time with family
E) job security

Question 49

Pamela is a nurse and her sister is a teacher. Which term is used to describe their areas of employment?

A) The outer circle
B) The inner circle
C) Secondary sector
D) Primary sector
E) Pink ghettoes

Question 50

What has happened to household income in Canada over the past 20 years?

A) It has increased dramatically.
B) It has increased moderately.
C) It has stayed the same.
D) It has declined moderately.
E) It has declined dramatically.

Question 51

In subsistence societies, people grow a surplus of food.

Question 52

Canada's youth unemployment rate is 14.9 percent, much higher than the overall rate of 8 percent.

Question 53

Mohamed is a young high school student who mows lawns for his neighbours during the summer. All of his neighbours pay him in cash. Mohamed is participating in the .

A) illegal economy
B) underground economy
C) youth economy
D) quiet revolution
E) paid labour force

Question 54

What has been the trend in the number of Canadian women in paid employment outside the home?

A) It has decreased over time.
B) It has remained the same over time.
C) It has increased very slightly over time.
D) It has decreased considerably over time.
E) It has increased considerably over time.

Question 55

Sociologists use what term to refer to the fundamental changes in society that occur as a result of vast numbers of women entering the workforce?

A) Pink collar revolution
B) Quiet insubordination
C) Quiet revolution
D) Workers' rebellion
E) Women's revolution

Question 56

The incomes of Canadians aged 25 to 34 have not increased for over three decades! In fact, the incomes for this cohort have actually dropped by 2 percent.

Question 57

Canada's underground economy is estimated to be what percentage of the regular economy?

A) 15-20 percent
B) 3-8 percent
C) 12-15 percent
D) 40-50 percent
E) 30-35 percent

Question 58

One advantage of central planning is that it is very efficient.

Question 59

The development of surplus and trade fosters social inequality.

Question 60

Which term refers to the barriers to advancement that many women face in the work world?

A) Third-wave feminism
B) Affirmative action
C) Pink ghettoes
D) Glass ceiling
E) Glass windows

Question 61

There is a relationship between work and leisure patterns and the life course of an individual.

Question 62

In a socialist economy, everyone in the economic chain works for the government.

Question 63

Barriers to social advancement that many women face in some organizations are often called "pink ghettos."

Question 64

Today, the assault on trade unions by businesses and governments makes increasing vacation time for their members a luxury when faced with more pressing issues such as job security.

Question 65

In the most industrialized nations, the number of production jobs has been increasing.

Question 66

Canadian workers work more than workers in the United States.

Question 67

Underemployment means having to work at a job beneath one's training and abilities.

Question 68

Organic solidarity refers to a people's sense of unity that comes from doing similar activities and sharing many aspects of their lives.

Question 69

The United States is the only country that does not mandate federal paid holidays.

Question 70

The term "quiet revolution" refers to the growing proportion of women in the labour force.

Question 71

An underground economy only refers to illegal activities that people do not report to the government.

Question 72

According to sociologist Michael Useem, there is an inner-circle that heads the multinational corporations and the members are united by a mutual interest in preserving capitalism.

Question 73

Neoliberalism refers to a new expansion in time and space of the free market

Question 74

Cattle raisers, farmers, and lumberjacks work in the secondary sector of the economy.

Question 75

Low-level workers benefit the most from the new technologies.

Question 76

After the age of 60 or so, the amount of leisure enjoyed by adults is supposed to peak.

Question 77

Welfare or state capitalism is "pure" capitalism.

Question 78

Most professions require only "hands-on" training.

Question 79

Women are much more likely to emphasize collaboration, persuasion, and helping as a model of success in the workplace.

Question 80

A social conservative would try to use the government to enact laws to make abortion illegal.