Deck 9: Nutrition

Question 1

The main sugar in the blood and the primary source of energy for the body is:

A) Glycerol
B) Glucose
C) Fatty acids
D) Glycogen

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

The nurse cautions a teenager who is following a severe fad diet that only allows 80 grams of carbohydrate a day that continuing on this diet can result in:

A) Alkalosis
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Ketosis
D) Hypernatremia

Answer 2

Ketosis

Question 3

The nurse is aware that after a meal,the blood sugar level may rise; however,it will return to within the normal range in:

A) 30 to 60 minutes
B) 60 to 90 minutes
C) 2 to 3 hours
D) 4 to 6 hours

Answer 3

2 to 3 hours

Question 4

Most digestion of protein begins in the:

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

Question 5

The major portion of fat is digested in the:

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

Question 6

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the:

A) Mouth
B) Pharynx
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine

Question 7

Regulation of the gastrointestinal system requires what two mechanisms?

A) Neural control and cardiovascular control
B) Secretion of hormones and kidney filtration
C) Neural control and secretions of hormones
D) Cardiovascular control and kidney filtration

Question 8

The three areas of the gastrointestinal system in which the digestion of food occurs include the mouth,stomach,and:

A) Large intestine
B) Small intestine
C) Pancreas
D) Pharynx

Question 9

The villi absorb the nutrients from the small intestine into the:

A) Large intestine
B) Blood and liver
C) Gallbladder and liver
D) Lymph and kidneys

Question 10

The carrier protein responsible for absorption of vitamin B12 is:

A) Pepsin
B) Intrinsic factor
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Gastrin

Question 11

What is the name of the sphincter that prevents the backflow of the food mass from the duodenum into the stomach?

A) Pyloric
B) Cardiac
C) Esophageal
D) Mitral

Question 12

List the parts of the small intestine in the correct order,beginning with the section that joins the stomach.

A) Jejunum, ileum, and duodenum
B) Ileum, duodenum, and jejunum
C) Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
D) Duodenum, ileum, and jejunum

Question 13

Lactose is found in:

A) Sucrose
B) Malt products
C) Milk
D) Honey

Question 14

Starches,glycogen,and fibers are:

A) Simple sugars
B) Monosaccharides
C) Disaccharides/fatty acids
D) Polysaccharides

Question 15

Normal fasting blood glucose level is:

A) 20 to 50 mg/100 ml
B) 70 to 100 mg/100 ml
C) 200 to 250 mg/100 ml
D) 30 to 60 mg/100 ml

Question 16

The stomach is normally emptied in 1 to 4 hours,depending on the amount and kind of food eaten.Which of the following foods,when eaten separately,leave the stomach most rapidly?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Lipids
D) Proteins

Question 17

Hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels include growth hormone,epinephrine,glucagon,and:

A) Insulin and the parathyroid hormone
B) Insulin and glucocorticoids
C) Glucocorticoids and thyroxine
D) Estrogen and progesterone

Question 18

After food is masticated and swallowed,it is mixed with gastric secretions in the stomach to form a:

A) Bolus
B) Chyme
C) Protein
D) Lipid

Question 19

In the body,carbohydrates are primarily converted to:

A) Glucose
B) Amino acids
C) Adipose tissue
D) Fatty acids

Question 20

The substance secreted by the liver that breaks down fat globules into small particles is:

A) Bile
B) Pepsin
C) Gastrin
D) Hydrochloric acid

Question 21

The nurse outlining the characteristics of fat metabolism points out that they: (Select all that apply.)

A) Are soluble in water.
B) Use more oxygen than carbohydrates.
C) Are stored more compactly in the body.
D) Release more energy than carbohydrates.
E) Are rich in vitamin A.

Question 22

Just as energy balance is measured by weight gain or weight loss,protein balance is measured by:

A) Nitrogen
B) Weight
C) Muscle development
D) Carbon

Question 23

The patient states that he has been taking high doses of all the vitamins both in tablet form and in food to prepare for his Olympic trials.The most appropriate response by the nurse would be:

A) "That is a very healthy way to build up energy, store vitamins, and control your weight."
B) "You must remember to drink a large glass of water with every meal to utilize those water-soluble vitamins."
C) "Large doses of vitamins may make you extremely photosensitive. You should use a strong sun block when you are out of doors."
D) "Some of those vitamins taken in large doses can cause toxicity."

Question 24

Because the patient is on a low-fat diet,the nurse takes into consideration that his diet should include water-soluble vitamins such as:

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B complex
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K

Question 25

The patient on an enteral feeding suddenly complains of feeling faint and is sweating.The diastolic blood pressure has dropped 20 points.The nurse recognizes the signs of the dumping syndrome,which is caused by:

A) Hypertonic fluid entering the jejunum and pulling large amounts of water from the circulating volume
B) Rich enteral feeding causing bowel irritation with severe cramping
C) Hypertonic solution rapidly entering the stomach causing pyloric spasm
D) Rapid drop in blood glucose as a result of the hypertonic solution pooling in the jejunum

Question 26

The nurse reinforces the information that a well-balanced diet should be a minimum of ____% protein:

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 27

The nurse monitors a patient on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)for the complication of:

A) Respiratory congestion
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Vomiting
D) Hypotension

Question 28

The nurse clarifies that the vitamin whose level can be regulated by excretion in the urine is:

A) C
B) A
C) D
D) K

Question 29

The standard peripheral parenteral nutrition intravenous (IV)therapy usually infuses:

A) 50% glucose
B) 5% glucose
C) 0.9% sodium chloride
D) Sterile water

Question 30

The nurse explains that soluble fibers such as pectin are used by the body for: (Select all that apply.)

A) Stool softeners
B) Absorption blockers
C) Bulk
D) Speeding transit time
E) Source of vitamin D

Question 31

The nurse observes a young patient who accepts her food tray and appears to eat it enthusiastically,but the patient goes into the bathroom immediately after eating.You suspect that your patient is causing herself to vomit.These assessments suggest the patient is suffering from:

A) Bulimia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Hyperemesis
D) Diabetes mellitus

Question 32

Lipoproteins carry cholesterol in the bloodstream.For this reason,primary caregivers are interested in monitoring lipid-density profiles.Which one of the following is of primary interest to the primary caregiver in relationship to the patient's risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and hematocrit (Hct)
B) VLDLs and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
C) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and hemoglobin (Hgb)
D) LDLs and HDLs

Question 33

A 13-year-old patient is 5 feet,6 inches tall,weighs 102 pounds,and is constantly worried about getting "too fat" and is refusing to eat.The nurse assesses that the patient is suffering from:

A) Bulimia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Malabsorption
D) Peptic ulcer

Question 34

To increase the fiber in a patient's diet,the most effective cereal the nurse would recommend is:

A) Rice Krispies
B) Corn Flakes
C) Wheaties
D) Bran Flakes

Question 35

The foods that have the least amount of fat are:

A) Vegetables, cottonseed oil, and safflower oil
B) Fruits, vegetables, and cereal grains
C) Milk, cheese, and ice cream
D) Bagels, cream cheese, and ham

Question 36

Elements required for enzyme regulation and maintenance of osmotic pressure are:

A) Proteins
B) Minerals
C) Carbohydrates
D) Amino acids

Question 37

For an older man who weighs 125 pounds to be adequately hydrated,the nurse takes into consideration that he should have a daily fluid intake of:

A) 1684 to 1700 ml/day
B) 1704 to 1988 ml/day
C) 2005 to 2200 ml/day
D) 2368 to 2490 ml/day

Question 38

Complete proteins are found in:

A) Poultry, milk, and eggs
B) Grains, legumes, and seeds
C) Nuts, beans, and corn
D) Breads, beans, and vegetables

Question 39

Most of the lipids taken into the body are absorbed from the intestinal mucosa into the:

A) Lymphatic system
B) Blood
C) Large intestine
D) Liver

Question 40

The function of protein in the body is to:

A) Provide the main source of energy.
B) Serve as a catalyst for fat catabolism.
C) Slow the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
D) Furnish amino acids to build and repair tissue.

Question 41

The nurse explains that the characteristics of vitamins: (Select all that apply.)

A) Are necessary in large doses.
B) Have the ability to be manufactured by the body.
C) Regulate metabolic functions in the cells.
D) Exist in multiple forms and are called vitamers.
E) Are classified as macronutrients.

Question 42

The nurse counsels the patient to avoid saturated fats such as: (Select all that apply.)

A) Butter
B) Olive oil
C) Coconut oil
D) Canola oil
E) Palm oil

Question 43

The nurse points out that the cellulose found in celery and lettuce is a source of _________________________.

Question 44

The nurse calculates the needed kilocalories (kcal)for a 150-pound moderately active person to be ____________________.

Question 45

Cysteine,proline,isoleucine,valine,tryptophan,phenylalanine,methionine,and histidine are all classified as ______________________________.