Deck 29: Cancer and Hiv Infection

Question 1

A new growth of tissue that forms an abnormal mass with no function is a

A)malignancy.
B)tumor.
C)benign mass.
D)metastasite.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

William's lung cancer has spread to his skeletal system.In other words, the cancer has:

A)become benign.
B)been initiated.
C)metastasized.
D)been promoted.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following cancers is associated with low levels of physical activity?

A)Colon
B)Stomach
C)Liver
D)Prostate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following factors influences the development of cancer?

A)Immune system
B)Environment
C)Genetics
D)All of the above

Question 5

There is evidence that an adequate intake of _____ protects against the development of cancers of the lung, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.

A)meat
B)fruits and vegetables
C)unsaturated fat
D)protein

Question 6

Cancers of the cervix correlate strongly with which of the following?

A)Alcohol and tobacco use
B)Human papillomavirus
C)Low intakes of fruits and vegetables
D)All of the above

Question 7

Copper McCabe has been smoking cigarettes for 15 years.This habit increases his risk for the all of the following except:

A)lung cancer.
B)mouth cancer.
C)skin cancer.
D)kidney cancer.

Question 8

All of the following cancer sites are associated with obesity except the

A)esophagus.
B)liver.
C)breast.
D)pancreas.

Question 9

The type of cancer that arises from white blood cell precursors is

A)carcinoma.
B)glioma.
C)leukemia.
D)melanoma.

Question 10

Larry has a family history of cancer and wants to decrease his chances of getting it.Which of the following foods can decrease risk of prostate cancer?

A)Milk
B)Pork chop
C)Tomato
D)Oranges

Question 11

Which of the following foods/beverages may decrease risk for colon cancer?

A)T-bone steak
B)Beer
C)Bologna
D)Non-fat milk

Question 12

Exposure to which of the following is associated with cancer development?

A)Excessive folate
B)Hepatitis A
C)Sunlight
D)All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following cancer sites is associated with high intakes of red meat?

A)Cervix
B)Colon
C)Liver
D)Stomach

Question 14

Lindsay is an obese 38 year old.She is worried about her risk for cancer because she knows that:

A)obesity alters hormones that can promote cancer growth.
B)fat cells increase insulin sensitivity.
C)high weight may damage cell DNA.
D)none of the above

Question 15

Cancer-causing substances are called:

A)carcinogens.
B)tumors.
C)neoplasms.
D)none of the above

Question 16

Melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from

A)pigmented skin cells.
B)lymph tissues.
C)epithelial tissues.
D)glandular tissues.

Question 17

Cancer ranks number _____ among the causes of death in the United States.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 18

Consumption of well-cooked meats has been linked to cancers of which of the following?

A)Colon
B)Breast
C)Stomach
D)All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is a nutrition-related factor that increases cancer risk by altering levels of hormones that influence cell growth?

A)High-temperature food preparation
B)Infections
C)Obesity
D)High intakes of alcohol

Question 20

Factors that decrease cancer risk include all of the following except

A)alcohol.
B)antioxidants.
C)cruciferous vegetables.
D)physical activity.

Question 21

The main reason cruciferous vegetables are considered cancer fighters is because they

A)are high in fiber.
B)are low in fat.
C)contain phytochemicals.
D)support the immune system.

Question 22

An example of therapy used in the treatment of cancer to inhibit tumor growth is:

A)chemotherapy.
B)HAART.
C)megestrol acetate therapy.
D)all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cachexia?

A)Fatigue
B)Tissue wasting
C)Anorexia
D)All of the above

Question 24

Radiation enteritis is inflammation of the _____ cells.

A)skin
B)epithelial
C)intestinal
D)beta

Question 25

Which of the following is not a significant contributor to anorexia and reduced food intake in cancer patients?

A)Early satiety
B)Glucose intolerance
C)Depression
D)Food aversions

Question 26

Fiber-rich foods are thought to inhibit cancer development because they

A)activate enzymes capable of destroying carcinogens.
B)accelerate lower GI transit.
C)contain tryptophan.
D)decrease the risk of obesity.

Question 27

Mr.Nelson asks you what he can do to prevent cancer.You should recommend that he do all of the following except

A)choose grilled and smoked meats frequently.
B)be physically active.
C)limit salt consumption.
D)eat a variety fresh fruits and vegetables.

Question 28

Which of the following is often evident at the time cancer is diagnosed?

A)Cachexia
B)Malnutrition
C)Weight loss
D)Hypermetabolism

Question 29

All of the following are recommended for reducing the risk of cancer except

A)limiting weight gain during adulthood.
B)limiting alcohol consumption.
C)limiting daily consumption of meat to less than 3 ounces.
D)avoiding tobacco use.

Question 30

The mechanism by which cancer cachexia develops is

A)altered metabolism.
B)cytokines.
C)dysphagia.
D)a and b
E)a, b, and c

Question 31

How do the types of medications used for chemotherapy function in cancer treatment?

A)Inhibit tumor growth
B)Shrink tumors
C)Sterilize tumor cells
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 32

Diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, malabsorption, and steatorrhea are all possible effects of which kind of cancer surgery on nutrition status?

A)Head and neck resection
B)Gastric resection
C)Intestinal resection
D)Pancreatic resection

Question 33

Diabetes mellitus is a possible side effect of

A)pancreatic resection.
B)esophageal resection.
C)gastric resection.
D)intestinal resection.

Question 34

Nutrition-related side effects of chemotherapy and radiation that alter metabolism include all of the following except:

A)fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
B)hypoglycemia.
C)interference with vitamins.
D)negative calcium balance.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a common metabolic alteration seen in cancer patients?

A)Hypothyroidism
B)Reduced muscle protein synthesis
C)Increased gluconeogenesis
D)Elevated serum lipids levels

Question 36

Methotrexate, a medication used for chemotherapy, resembles

A)iron.
B)folate.
C)vitamin K.
D)selenium.

Question 37

Fruits and vegetables contain _____ that may enhance immune functions and protect the body against cancer development.

A)fiber
B)phytochemicals
C)fructose
D)vitamin D

Question 38

Enzo Vilanueva has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.His intake has not changed, but he is still experiencing wasting.What is the most likely cause?

A)Mental stress
B)Altered taste perceptions and nausea
C)A gastrointestinal obstruction with bacterial overgrowth
D)Increased protein turnover with reduced synthesis

Question 39

Malabsorption of _____ is associated with gastric resection.

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)vitamin C
C)niacin
D)zinc

Question 40

Cancer-related causes of anorexia include all of the following except

A)lowered metabolic rate.
B)pain.
C)early satiety.
D)mental stress.

Question 41

Radiation and chemotherapy are both associated with all of the following except

A)reduced nutrient intake.
B)altered metabolism.
C)increased nutrient losses.
D)reduced nutrient losses.

Question 42

Which of the following cancer sites may require tube feeding, TPN, or a fat- and lactose-restricted diet prescription?

A)Kidneys
B)Pancreas
C)Intestine
D)Brain

Question 43

A typical diet therapy order for cancer patients provides _____.

A)15-25 kcalories per kilogram
B)25-35 kcalories per kilogram
C)35-40 kcalories per kilogram
D)40-45 kcalories per kilogram

Question 44

Which statement is false?

A)Antioxidant supplementation may interfere with chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
B)Most patients discuss CAM use with their regular physicians, so it is not necessary to inquire about CAM practices unless they are noted in the medical record.
C)Practices classified as CAM therapies have not been proven effective as disease treatments.
D)St.John's wort has been shown to reduce effectiveness of some anticancer medications.

Question 45

Anamaria Kruschenko has been diagnosed with neutropenia.Which of the following meals would be appropriate?

A)Greek salad with whole milk
B)Macaroni and cheese with canned fruit cocktail
C)Tuna sandwich and an apple
D)Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and chocolate pudding

Question 46

Which of the following medications is commonly used to combat anorexia and wasting in cancer patients?

A)Megestrol acetate
B)Dronabinol
C)Growth hormone
D)a and b
E)all of the above

Question 47

The best dietary intervention for a cancer patient experiencing a metallic taste is to

A)serve meat very warm.
B)use poultry, fish, or eggs for protein.
C)avoid all foods containing protein.
D)provide mouth care after meals.

Question 48

Medical nutrition therapy for cancer patients depends on which of the following factors?

A)Type of cancer
B)Severity of cancer
C)Side effects of treatment
D)a and c
E)All of the above

Question 49

The most appropriate form of nutrition support for immunosuppressed, anorexic patients with chronic radiation enteritis is

A)oral supplements.
B)enteral feedings.
C)fluids and electrolytes supplied via peripheral IV.
D)TPN.

Question 50

An estimated _____% of persons in the United States who have HIV are unaware they have been infected.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)21

Question 51

Tommy has been undergoing chemotherapy treatments for the past month.Tommy has been experiencing recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting.Which of the following is a strategy to control nausea and vomiting?

A)Encourage Tommy to eat gelatin, broths, and popsicles.
B)Recommend eating less than two hours before treatments.
C)Recommend eating smaller meals more quickly.
D)a and b

Question 52

Penelope Ludwig is undergoing cancer treatment.Her appetite is very poor.Which of the following will help promote weight gain and stimulate appetite?

A)Megestrol acetate
B)High-kcalorie, high-protein diet
C)Adding an oral supplement daily
D)Adding a multivitamin supplement

Question 53

Dietary modifications that might be appropriate for a patient with cancer of the brain include

A)protein, sodium, and fluid restrictions.
B)a mechanically altered diet.
C)a fat restriction.
D)none of the above

Question 54

Destruction of healthy donor cells by the recipient's immune system is known as

A)tissue rejection.
B)radiation therapy.
C)chemotherapy.
D)bone marrow transplant.

Question 55

The rationale for limiting raw or undercooked foods in a patient with neutropenia is that this diet

A)prevents potassium loss.
B)prevents steatorrhea.
C)decreases risk of foodborne illness.
D)helps support the immune system.

Question 56

Tommy has been undergoing chemotherapy treatments for the past month.Health care providers have noticed that he is leaving food on his plate and appears to be thinner.What is a good suggestion that could be used to encourage Tommy to eat?

A)Recommend adding sauces and seasonings to meats.
B)Recommend small, frequent meals.
C)Suggest foods that are easy to prepare and eat.
D)Encourage Tommy to try new foods and experiment with herbs and spices.

Question 57

A careful drug history, including complementary therapies and diet supplements, is taken when a client has HIV infection or cancer for all of the following reasons except

A)use of alternative therapies is common.
B)use of alternative therapies may interfere with conventional treatment.
C)use of alternative therapies may contribute to drug-nutrient interactions.
D)use of some alternative therapies is illegal.

Question 58

Daily intake of protein in cancer patients with cachexia should be _____ g/kg.

A)0.8-1.0
B)1.0-1.2
C)1.2-1.5
D)1.5-2.0

Question 59

Hematopoietic stem cell transplants can be used as a primary treatment for

A)leukemia.
B)gliomas.
C)pancreatic cancer.
D)breast cancer.

Question 60

Up to _____% of patients with cancer combine one or more complementary and alternative medicine approaches with standard treatment.

A)30
B)45
C)60
D)80

Question 61

All of the following contribute to reduced food intake, which leads to wasting in HIV infection, except

A)cancer.
B)diarrhea.
C)medical treatments.
D)respiratory infection.

Question 62

What causes the abnormalities seen in glucose and fat metabolism in patients with HIV?

A)Disease progression
B)Side effect of medications
C)Sedentary lifestyle
D)Genetic predisposition

Question 63

Which of the following is a cause of anorexia in patients with HIV infection?

A)Constipation
B)Physical exertion
C)Herpes virus
D)All of the above

Question 64

Lipodystrophy associated with HIV infection is the accumulation of fat

A)around the abdominal area.
B)in the face.
C)in the extremities.
D)none of the above

Question 65

Thrush interferes with dietary intake for all of the following reasons except

A)it induces altered taste sensations.
B)it results in difficulty with swallowing.
C)it impairs fat absorption.
D)it causes oral pain.

Question 66

HIV-infected patients should be instructed to keep cold foods at a temperature of

A)20° F or less.
B)30° F or less.
C)40° F or less.
D)50° F or less.

Question 67

Water can transmit a parasite that causes _____ in HIV-infected individuals.

A)Kaposi's sarcoma
B)cryptosporidiosis
C)pneumonia
D)listeriosis

Question 68

Which of the following food hypersensitivities elicits an immune response?

A)Food allergies
B)Food intolerances
C)Food allergen
D)Food diary

Question 69

A type of cancer that results in skin lesions and is common to people with HIV infection is

A)adenomas.
B)gliomas.
C)Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)thrush.

Question 70

Infections from microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in the general population but can cause great harm in people with HIV are called:

A)tissue rejection.
B)AIDS-defining illnesses.
C)opportunistic infections.
D)lipomas.

Question 71

What is a primary objective of nutrition therapy for HIV?

A)Provision of micronutrient supplements
B)Maintenance of lean body mass
C)Reducing risk of hypolipidemia
D)a and c
E)All of the above

Question 72

Which of the following would be considered an AIDS-defining illness?

A)Recurrent bacterial pneumonia
B)Lung cancer
C)Uremic syndrome
D)All of the above

Question 73

Wasting associated with HIV infection can be attributed to all of the following except

A)reduced food intake.
B)excessive nutrient intake.
C)altered metabolism.
D)chronic diarrhea.

Question 74

Early symptoms of HIV infection do not include:

A)diarrhea.
B)malaise.
C)skin rashes.
D)edema.

Question 75

One type of medication given to clients with HIV infection to control anorexia and wasting is

A)an anabolic hormone.
B)a CCR5 antagonist.
C)a protease inhibitor.
D)b and c
E)a, b, and c

Question 76

The primary objective of nutrition therapy for HIV is to help the patient _____ weight and muscle tissue.

A)lose
B)gain
C)maintain a healthy
D)none of the above

Question 77

The cells essential for immune function that are affected by HIV infection are

A)CD4+ T cells.
B)red blood cells.
C)pigmented skin cells.
D)antibodies.

Question 78

Nutrition assessment and counseling should begin during which stage for patients with HIV infection?

A)Diagnosis of HIV
B)Presence of opportunistic infection
C)Presence of cancer
D)End stage

Question 79

Daniel, a 28-year-old male, has just been diagnosed with HIV infection.Nutrition education for Daniel should include

A)providing guidelines for physical activity.
B)suggestions for preventing future weight problems.
C)proper food preparation techniques.
D)all of the above

Question 80

The severe complications associated with the end stage of HIV infection are referred to as

A)acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining illnesses.
B)human immunodeficiency virus.
C)opportunistic infections.
D)all of the above