Deck 19: Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Question 1

Policy changes and programs to prevent medication errors include:

A)storing different drugs in similar packaging.
B)removing pill-form medications from their original containers prior to administration.
C)scanning bar codes on patient ID bracelets that return error messages to alert health care professionals if the drug or dosage is not appropriate for the patient.
D)informing physicians about the importance of writing clearly when using abbreviations such as hs and Q.D.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the difference between a generic and name-brand version of a prescription medication?

A)They are chemically different
B)The dosage form and route of administration differ
C)The name-brand version is slightly less expensive
D)They are sold under different names

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is "a preventable action that causes inappropriate medication use or patient harm due to mistakes made by a health professional or patient"?

A)Misdiagnosis
B)Drug-drug interaction
C)Medication error
D)Drug-diet interaction

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Why are the elderly most vulnerable to adverse effects from medications?

A)Impaired function of the liver or kidneys
B)Inability to afford multiple medications
C)The focus on older adults among clinical trials
D)Susceptibility to acute infections

Question 5

Who is responsible for approving sales of new medications and inspecting facilities where drugs are manufactured?

A)Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
B)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 6

Which of the following is a prohibited term in clinical documentation?

A)IU
B)mg
C)Unit
D)0.1 mg

Question 7

Which of these statements is true?

A)Some risk of an adverse reaction always accompanies the use of a medication.
B)The risks associated with a medication are not influenced by its administration.
C)If the medication a physician plans to prescribe has been proven effective, it is not necessary for her to discuss alternative treatments with the patient.
D)Many common medications carry no risk of adverse reactions to anyone.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a common category of diet-drug interactions?

A)Drugs may alter food intake.
B)Foods may alter the motivation to take the drugs.
C)Drugs may alter nutrient absorption.
D)Foods can alter drug absorption.

Question 9

Which of the following medications can stimulate food intake and encourage weight gain?

A)Antipsychotics
B)Corticosteroids
C)Sedatives
D)Both a and b

Question 10

Medications can influence food intake by

A)suppressing the appetite.
B)heightening the appetite.
C)causing complications that make it difficult to eat.
D)a and c only
E)a, b and c

Question 11

Which of the following medications does not usually encourage weight gain?

A)Amphetamines
B)Dronabinol
C)Prednisone
D)Megestrol acetate

Question 12

Which of the following is not a drug-induced side effect that can limit food intake?

A)Drowsiness
B)Confusion
C)Lack of satiety
D)Fatigue

Question 13

Prescription medication "XYZ" has just earned its patent.On average, how many years will a consumer need to wait to find a generic version?

A)5 years
B)10 years
C)15 years
D)20 years

Question 14

Mr.Williams, 88 years old, has just been discharged from the hospital after suffering from a heart attack.The physician wrote three prescriptions for him to get filled.Which of the following statements needs consideration?

A)Mr.Williams needs assistance obtaining the prescriptions due to financial difficulties.
B)Mr.Williams has already had a previous heart attack.
C)Mr.Williams is using a new pharmacy closer to his home versus the one he fills his regular prescriptions at.
D)a and c

Question 15

Which of the following patients would be most likely to experience adverse effects from drugs?

A)Pregnant and nursing women
B)Young adult males
C)People with a cold
D)People with diabetes

Question 16

Which of the following medical abbreviations can be mistaken for "every day"?

A)TWA
B)TIW
C)TID
D)QOD

Question 17

Alexander is administering a medication via injection to his patient.Therefore, his patient is receiving the drug:

A)intravenously.
B)intramuscularly.
C)subcutaneously.
D)All of the above are possible routes.
E)None of the above could be correct.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Over-the-counter medications are stronger than prescription medications.
B)Over-the-counter drugs ordinarily don't cause side effects when used as directed.
C)Clients who use over-the-counter medications are at greater risk of serious side effects.
D)Using prescription medications is far more difficult compared to over-the-counter medications.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a role of the FDA?

A)Monitor adverse events after drugs are marketed
B)Make sure product labeling of drugs always remains the same
C)Withdraw drugs from the market when they present unacceptable risks to health
D)Encourage health professionals and consumers to report medication problems

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Aspirin is an over-the-counter medication used for treating headaches or pain.
B)Over-the-counter medications are less potent than prescription medications.
C)People are more likely to self-medicate with prescription medications rather than over-the-counter medications.
D)a and b
E)all of the above

Question 21

Betty has been prescribed an antiulcer agent.Her physician will monitor Betty's _____ for side effects.

A)iron status
B)GI comfort
C)renal function
D)sodium excretion

Question 22

While reviewing Mr.Jermaine's laboratory results, you find that his potassium level is very low.Which of his following medications would be the probable cause?

A)Bile acid binders
B)Tetracycline
C)Warfarin
D)Diuretics

Question 23

Ms.Brown has experienced unwanted weight loss and has been complaining of nausea.After reviewing her chart, the physician discovered Ms.Brown was prescribed _____ at her last appointment.

A)calcium supplements
B)vitamin C supplements
C)digitalis
D)antiemetics

Question 24

Mr.Ahmed has bladder cancer.His appetite, intake, and weight have declined over the past few weeks.The doctor prescribes _____ to increase his intake.

A)methotrexate
B)Megace
C)amphetamines
D)liver enzymes

Question 25

Methotrexate resembles the structure of

A)niacin.
B)calcium.
C)iron.
D)folate.

Question 26

Amphetamines can alter food intake by

A)suppressing the appetite.
B)changing taste perception.
C)producing mouth ulcers.
D)a and b
E)a, b and c

Question 27

Which of the following can affect medication absorption?

A)Fiber
B)Phytates
C)Minerals
D)a and b only
E)a, b and c

Question 28

Why would a patient with a prescription for methotrexate also be prescribed leucovorin?

A)To decrease nausea
B)To increase appetite
C)To provide folate in a usable form
D)To provide iron in a usable form

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Hormonal agents don't cause weight and appetite changes.
B)Immunosuppressants can cause bone loss.
C)Corticosteroids can cause B₆ deficiency.
D)All of the above

Question 30

Diet-related factors that can influence medication absorption include all of the following except:

A)stomach emptying rate.
B)stomach acidity.
C)large intestine emptying rate.
D)interactions with food components.

Question 31

Why would a patient with a seizure disorder who is prescribed phenobarbital also be advised to take vitamins D and K?

A)Phenobarbital interferes with the metabolism of vitamins D and K.
B)This supplement combination prevents rickets and osteoporosis.
C)Phenobarbital decreases the body's ability to make these nutrients.
D)Both a and b

Question 32

Where are most drugs absorbed?

A)Lower right quadrant of the stomach
B)Upper small intestine
C)Upper section of the large intestine
D)Lower section of the large intestine

Question 33

Glenn has been on corticosteroids for many years.Long-term use may cause:

A)weight loss.
B)osteoporosis.
C)diabetes.
D)both a and b
E)both b and c

Question 34

Mr.White has been prescribed corticosteroids.He should expect:

A)suppression of appetite.
B)weight loss.
C)reduced depression.
D)increased appetite.
E)all of the above

Question 35

A possible side effect of some antibiotics, like ciprofloxacin, is

A)dry mouth.
B)reduced calcium absorption.
C)reduced iron absorption.
D)enhanced tumor growth.

Question 36

When physicians prescribe the use of corticosteroids, they raise the risk of

A)osteomalacia.
B)osteoporosis.
C)iron deficiency.
D)folate deficiency.

Question 37

Prolonged use of anticonvulsants can affect

A)folate metabolism.
B)vitamin K metabolism.
C)vitamin D metabolism.
D)all of the above

Question 38

Chemotherapy alters nutrient absorption by

A)binding to nutrients.
B)damaging mucosal cells.
C)displacing nutrients from their plasma protein carriers.
D)all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following classifications of medication can affect nutrition status?

A)Antidepressants
B)Antibiotics
C)Central nervous system stimulants
D)All of the above

Question 40

In what way can foods alter medication absorption?

A)Binding to drugs
B)Inactivating enzymes that metabolize drugs
C)Altering drug reabsorption by the kidneys
D)All of the above

Question 41

The top-selling herbal supplements in the U.S.include all of the following except:

A)St.John's wort.
B)ginseng.
C)echinacea.
D)kava kava.

Question 42

What would a patient consuming an average of 5,000 mg of sodium daily while on lithium therapy be at risk of?

A)Losing excessive protein in the urine
B)Losing excessive calcium in the urine
C)Losing excessive lithium in the urine
D)Losing excessive magnesium in the urine

Question 43

Patients taking warfarin should aim to have a consistent _____ intake from day to day.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin K

Question 44

Mrs.Appleton has been diagnosed with depression and her physician has prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.He instructs her to avoid consuming large amounts of tyramine.All of the following foods should be restricted on Mrs.Appleton's diet except

A)aged cheese.
B)oranges.
C)mushrooms.
D)sausage.

Question 45

Most health care professionals need to learn more about

A)conventional therapies.
B)complementary therapies.
C)over-the-counter medicines.
D)prescription medicines.

Question 46

Mrs.Appleton has been diagnosed with depression and her physician has prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.Why does the physician instruct her to avoid consuming large amounts of tyramine?

A)The interaction of MAO and tyramine can alter metabolism by stimulating the release of norepinephrine.
B)The interaction of MAO and tyramine can alter metabolism by stimulating the release of epinephrine.
C)The tyramine can block the action of the enzyme responsible for inactivating the MAO inhibitor.
D)The MAO inhibitor can block the action of the enzyme responsible for activating the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 47

Samantha is providing her patient with education regarding warfarin.She encourages her patient to:

A)maintain her intake of green leafy vegetables.
B)increase her intake of green leafy vegetables.
C)supplement with dong quai.
D)supplement with vitamin K.

Question 48

In order to limit the risks of drug-related side effects, the most important step health care professionals can take is to know

A)how diet and drugs interact.
B)what and how much medications and supplements a client is taking.
C)when the client is taking medications and/or supplements.
D)why the client is taking medications and/or supplements.

Question 49

Consumers rarely find _____ listed on supplement labels.

A)adverse effects of herbs
B)the name of the manufacturer
C)ambiguous statements about health benefits
D)incorrect information about herb species or potency

Question 50

The most common adverse effects of herbs include which of the following?

A)Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
B)Liver damage
C)Renal failure
D)Seizures and heart palpitations

Question 51

Which statement about dietary supplements is false?.

A)The effective compounds in all common herbal remedies have been identified.
B)Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not need to be approved by the FDA before they are marketed.
C)Based on recent analyses of herbal products, their labels are often misleading in terms of the species and dosage of herb provided.
D)Growing conditions for the plants used can influence the chemical composition of an herbal product.

Question 52

With enough research and experience to support its use, _____ may become _____.

A)conventional therapy, complementary therapy
B)conventional therapy, alternative therapy
C)complementary therapy, conventional therapy
D)complementary therapy, alternative therapy

Question 53

Altered excretion of potassium, magnesium, and calcium are side effects associated with the use of

A)narcotics.
B)antihypertensives.
C)diuretics.
D)laxatives.

Question 54

Which of these is not a safety concern regarding the use of herbal products?

A)Contamination with lead, arsenic, or mercury
B)Adulteration of the product
C)Intentional or accidental substitutions of one plant species for another
D)Excessive amounts of time spent with health care provider discussing the use of herbal products, leaving little time left over to discuss other medical concerns

Question 55

Which governmental agency is currently funding large, controlled studies of several herbal treatments in order to obtain reliable efficacy and safety data?

A)Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
B)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C)National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 56

Ms.Holmes is taking an MAO inhibitor.She is at the food court and needs to pick the best meal.Which should she choose?

A)Italian hero with salami
B)Miso soup with vegetable fried rice
C)Hot dog with mustard and sauerkraut
D)Chicken salad sandwich

Question 57

Which type of fruit juice is known to contain compounds that cause multiple food-drug interactions?

A)Grape juice
B)Grapefruit juice
C)Orange juice
D)Lemon juice

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Warfarin is an anticlotting agent that resembles vitamin K.
B)The prescribed warfarin dose is dependant on the amount of vitamin K in the diet.
C)Dietary supplements of vitamin A can interact with warfarin.
D)Garlic is an herb that can interact with warfarin.

Question 59

Physicians who refer patients for complementary therapies while continuing to provide standard treatments are practicing what is known as:

A)integrative medicine.
B)complementary medicine.
C)alternative medicine.
D)conventional medicine.

Question 60

St.John's wort is commonly taken by consumers who wish to

A)relieve depression and anxiety.
B)protect liver tissue.
C)lower blood lipids.
D)enhance their memory.

Question 61

Upon further examination, one of the medications is identified as an herbal supplement that may treat dementia and memory deficits.It is _____.

A)garlic
B)ginger
C)gingko
D)ginseng

Question 62

Which medication is considered an OTC drug?

A)Aspirin
B)Lovastatin
C)Warfarin
D)All of the above

Question 63

Ralph needs to control his intake of _____.

A)chocolate
B)spinach
C)chicken wings
D)applesauce

Question 64

Upon reviewing his medications, we can assume that Ralph suffers from:

A)obesity.
B)diabetes.
C)osteoporosis.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 65

Case Studies
Emma Wiseman is an eighty-five-year-old widow and retired elementary school teacher.She lives alone and her closest relatives live about an hour away.She has a past medical history of breast cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis.Emma currently takes 6 medications.She has been having difficulty opening her medication bottles and decided to put all of her pills into one container.After doing this she realizes that some of them look the same and she is unsure which medication she should take with her dinner.
Emma should:

A)take any pill.
B)contact her pharmacist.
C)stop her medications.
D)purchase OTC medications instead.

Question 66

Case Studies
Emma Wiseman is an eighty-five-year-old widow and retired elementary school teacher.She lives alone and her closest relatives live about an hour away.She has a past medical history of breast cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis.Emma currently takes 6 medications.She has been having difficulty opening her medication bottles and decided to put all of her pills into one container.After doing this she realizes that some of them look the same and she is unsure which medication she should take with her dinner.
Emma reports that she has had decreased appetite and weight loss over the last 3 days.She may be suffering from:

A)a medication error.
B)medication side effects.
C)anorexia.
D)none of the above