Deck 27: The Child With Genitourinary Dysfunction

Question 1

The diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes:

A)High protein.
B)Salt restriction.
C)Low fat.
D)High carbohydrate.

Answer 1

Salt restriction.

Question 2

Which of the following diagnostic tests allows visualization of renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external beam radiation or radioactive isotopes?

A)Renal ultrasound
B)Computed tomography
C)Intravenous pyelography
D)Voiding cystourethrography

Answer 2

Renal ultrasound

Question 3

Hypospadias refers to which of the following?

A)Absence of a urethral opening
B)Penis shorter than usual for age
C)Urethral opening along dorsal surface of penis
D)Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis

Answer 3

Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis

Question 4

Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis?

A)Risk for injury related to malignant process, treatment
B)Fluid volume deficit related to excessive losses
C)Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration
D)Fluid volume excess related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces

Question 5

The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis about his diet. The nurse should include which of the following?

A)Decreased calories
B)Increased protein
C)No salt added
D)Severe sodium restriction

Question 6

The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. This is most likely the result of which of the following?

A)Poor appetite
B)Increased potassium intake
C)Reduction of edema
D)Restriction to bed rest

Question 7

Which of the following best describes acute glomerulonephritis?

A)Occurs after a urinary tract infection
B)Occurs after an antecedent streptococcal infection
C)Associated with renal vascular disorders
D)Associated with structural anomalies of genitourinary tract

Question 8

Inflammation of the bladder is called:

A)Cystitis.
B)Urosepsis.
C)Urethritis.
D)Bacteriuria.

Question 9

Which of the following is an objective of care for the child with nephrosis?

A)Reduce blood pressure.
B)Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
C)Increase excretion of urinary protein.
D)Increase ability of tissues to retain fluid.

Question 10

Which of the following should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls?

A)Wear cotton underpants.
B)Limit bathing as much as possible.
C)Increase fluids; decrease salt intake.
D)Cleanse perineum with water after voiding.

Question 11

Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy?

A)Fever
B)Hypertension
C)Weight loss
D)Increased appetite

Question 12

The nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child with nephrosis. The purpose of this is to detect an early sign of which of the following possible complications?

A)Infection
B)Hypertension
C)Encephalopathy
D)Edema

Question 13

A mother asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving. The nurse's best response would be which of the following?

A)Blood pressure will stabilize.
B)Child will have more energy.
C)Urine will be free of protein.
D)Urine output will increase.

Question 14

Therapeutic management of nephrosis includes which of the following?

A)Corticosteroids
B)Antihypertensive agents
C)Long-term diuretics
D)Increased fluids to promote diuresis

Question 15

A hospitalized child with nephrosis is receiving high doses of prednisone. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing goal related to this?

A)Prevent infection.
B)Stimulate appetite.
C)Detect evidence of edema.
D)Ensure compliance with prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

Question 16

Which of the following factors predisposes the urinary tract to infection?

A)Increased fluid intake
B)Short urethra in young females
C)Prostatic secretions in males
D)Frequent emptying of the bladder

Question 17

A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show which of the following?

A)Bacteriuria, hematuria
B)Hematuria, proteinuria
C)Bacteriuria, increased specific gravity
D)Proteinuria, decreased specific gravity

Question 18

The clinical manifestations of nephrosis include which of the following?

A)Hematuria, bacteriuria, weight gain
B)Gross hematuria, albuminuria, fever
C)Hypertension, weight loss, proteinuria
D)Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema

Question 19

The narrowing of preputial opening of foreskin is called:

A)Chordee.
B)Phimosis.
C)Epispadias.
D)Hypospadias.

Question 20

Which of the following urine tests of renal function is used to estimate glomerular filtration?

A)pH
B)Osmolality
C)Creatinine
D)Protein level

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as a sign of hyperkalemia?

A)Dyspnea
B)Seizure
C)Oliguria
D)Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 22

Which of the following statements is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

A)It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
B)It is preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
C)Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
D)The decision for transplantation is difficult, because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Question 23

Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to:

A)Prevent vomiting.
B)Bind phosphorus.
C)Stimulate appetite.
D)Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 24

When a child has chronic renal failure, the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as:

A)Uremia.
B)Oliguria.
C)Proteinuria.
D)Pyelonephritis.

Question 25

Where are Wilms' tumors (nephroblastomas) located?

A)Bone
B)Brain
C)Kidney
D)Lymphatic system

Question 26

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?

A)Hypotension
B)Massive hematuria
C)Hypokalemia
D)Unpleasant "uremic" breath odor

Question 27

Which of the following is the primary clinical manifestation of acute renal failure?

A)Oliguria
B)Hematuria
C)Proteinuria
D)Bacteriuria

Question 28

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

A)Pyelonephritis
B)Tubular destruction
C)Urinary tract obstruction
D)Severe dehydration

Question 29

The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child seems always angry, hostile, or depressed. The nurse should recognize that this is most likely related to which of the following?

A)Neurologic manifestations that occur with dialysis
B)Physiologic manifestations of renal disease
C)Adolescents having few coping mechanisms
D)Adolescents often resenting the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis

Question 30

One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost. Which of the following best describes this term?

A)Deposits of urea crystals in urine
B)Deposits of urea crystals on skin
C)Overexcretion of blood urea nitrogen
D)Inability of body to tolerate cold temperatures

Question 31

Which of the following is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis?

A)Treatments are done in hospitals.
B)Protein loss is less extensive.
C)Dietary limitations are not necessary.
D)Parents and older children can perform treatments.

Question 32

The diet of a child with chronic renal failure usually includes which of the following?

A)High in protein
B)Low in vitamin D
C)Low in phosphorus
D)Supplementation of vitamins A, E, and K

Question 33

Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

A)Hypokalemia
B)Metabolic alkalosis
C)Water and sodium retention
D)Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen