Deck 10: Pharmacotherapy During Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

Student nurses are learning about the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy categories.What is the best information for the nursing instructor to include? Select all that apply.
1)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy categories for individual drugs seldom change once they are established.
2)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy category X has been associated with teratogenic effects.
3)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy categories provide a framework for safe use of drugs in pregnant women.
4)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy category C is safe to use during pregnancy.
5)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy categories are based on clinical human studies.

Answer 1

2, 3

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class for mothers with a past history of drug abuse.What factor would the nurse need to emphasize about the use of drugs and the breastfeeding infant?
1)The infant might experience withdrawal symptoms and test positive for the drug for several weeks to months following exposure.
2)The infant might experience withdrawal symptoms and test positive for the drug for several days following exposure.
3)The infant might experience withdrawal symptoms and test positive for the drug for several hours following exposure.
4)The infant will not experience withdrawal symptoms and will not test positive for the drug following exposure.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class for mothers with a past history of drug abuse.What factor would the nurse need to emphasize about the first trimester of pregnancy?
1)There is very little chance of the fetus being affected by teratogens during this phase.
2)Teratogenic agents during this phase do not cause severe malformations in the fetus.
3)Teratogenic agents taken during this phase can lead to structural malformation and spontaneous abortion.
4)This is the preconceptional period of the pregnancy.

Answer 3

3

Question 4

When possible, drug therapy is postponed until after pregnancy and lactation.However, certain acute and chronic conditions must be managed during pregnancy.Included in those conditions are: (Select all that apply.)
1)Epilepsy.
2)Gestational diabetes.
3)Sexually transmitted diseases.
4)Hypertension.
5)Psychiatric disorder.

Question 5

The nursing instructor is explaining the factors that impact the transfer of medications across the placenta.What factor would be responsible for higher concentrations of a drug being transferred to the fetus through the placenta?
1)Increased blood volume of the mother
2)Plasma drug level in the mother
3)Heavy blood flow to the placenta
4)Low degree of metabolic activity of the placenta

Question 6

The nurse teaching a parenting class would stress what information about adverse drug reactions in her lectures? Select all that apply.
1)The concentration of drugs in breast milk is very high.
2)The concentration of drugs in breast milk is very low.
3)Common drug effects seen in breastfeeding infants include diarrhea and irritability.
4)Effects on the infant can be very serious.
5)There is rarely any effect on the infant.

Question 7

Student nurses are learning about the use of medications during pregnancy.What should the nursing instructor teach as a common reason for difficulty in assessing for side effects of medications during pregnancy?
1)The mother has increased blood volume, so the drugs are not strong enough to produce side effects.
2)Adverse effects of medications are often similar to common discomforts of pregnancy.
3)The mother is so uncomfortable with the pregnancy that she chooses to ignore the adverse effects.
4)Adverse effects of medications are not experienced as often with pregnant women.

Question 8

The nurse knows that pregnancy affects the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.Which one is the least affected by pregnancy?
1)Metabolism
2)Distribution
3)Absorption
4)Excretion

Question 9

The pregnant client plans to breastfeed her baby.She asks the nurse about the use of herbal products during breastfeeding.What is the best response by the nurse?
1)"Herbal products are considered natural, so it should be fine to use them during breastfeeding.
2)"That should be fine as long as at least 12 hours pass between the time you use the product and when you breastfeed."
3)"Be sure to check the label to see whether the herbal product can be used during breastfeeding."
4)"Most drugs can be transferred to the infant during breastfeeding, so this is not recommended."

Question 10

During a class about the use of medications during pregnancy, the nurse determines that additional information is required when a client makes which statement?
1)"The baby can only be harmed by medication during the first trimester."
2)"If I breastfeed my baby, drugs can come through my breast milk."
3)"Exposure to teratogens can result in my baby's death or in malformations."
4)"It is important not to take over-the-counter (OTC)drugs during my pregnancy."

Question 11

The nurse tells the expectant mothers during their last prenatal class that their fetus might receive a larger dose of a drug in the later period of their pregnancy.What processes in the mother's body systems are responsible for this action?
1)Blood flow to placenta increases, and placental vascular membranes become thinner.
2)Blood flow to placenta decreases, and placental vascular membranes become thinner.
3)Blood flow to placenta increases, and placental vascular membranes become thicker.
4)Blood flow to placenta decreases, and placental vascular membranes become thicker.

Question 12

The nursing instructor teaches the student that despite the potential risks to the fetus, pregnant women still use prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC)medications, dietary or herb supplements, nicotine, and alcohol during pregnancy.If all these factors are combined, what percentage of pregnant women use substances other than vitamins and folic acid during pregnancy?
0)0159
0)0246
0)039
0)0413

Question 13

The pregnant client tells the nurse that her prescribed medication is not as effective as it was before her pregnancy.What is the best response by the nurse?
1)"Tell me how you have been taking your medication."
2)"This is because your blood volume has increased."
3)"This is because your baby is receiving part of the medication."
4)"Maybe the medication has expired; check the label."