Deck 15: Animal Evolutionunit

Question 1

Animals may havevolvefrom

A)autotrophic protist colonies that had interdependent and specialized cells.
B)heterotrophic protist colonies that had interdependent and specialized cells.
C)autotrophic protist colonies that had interdependent cells.
D)protrophic protist colonies that had interdependent and specialized cells.
E)auxotrophic protist colonies that had interdependent and specialized cells.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Archaeopteryx anSinosauropteryx prima arsomehow relateto

A)modern lizards.
B)modern birds.
C)modern snakes
D)modern bats.
E)modern crocodiles.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of thfollowing statements is NOT truabout animals?

A)Animals are all multicellular organisms.
B)To adapt to environmental conditions, all animals move about during their entire life cycle.
C)Animals are heterotrophs that get energy and food from other organisms.
D)Animals probably evolved from heterotrophic protists that formed colonies.
E)All of these are NOT true.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During thCambrian,

A)the constant increase in oxygen levels allowed an increase in the population of early animals.
B)the splitting of Pangaea encouraged speciation.
C)interaction between species contributed in the process of evolution.
D)mutations in genomes may have induced anatomical and physiological adaptations.
E)all of these occurred.

Question 5

Which of thfollowing characteristics is NOT truof all animal groups?

A)multicellular
B)organ systems
C)heterotrophic
D)motile
E)sexual reproduction

Question 6

In Darwin's time, which of thfollowing items constitutean obstaclto acceptancof thidea that species living now havevolvefroa common ancestor?

A)absence of theological evidences
B)absence of transitional fossils
C)absence of sedimentary rocks
D)absence of stratification in the Galapagos Islands
E)all of these except "absence of theological evidences"

Question 7

Which of thfollowing is NOT truof placozoans?

A)They have a flattened body.
B)They have ciliated cells and gland cells.
C)They eat bacteria and single-celled algae.
D)They have four types of cells.
E)None of these

Question 8

Which of thfollowing organisms arstill simply madup of aggregations of cells?

A)placozoans
B)sponges
C)cnidarians
D)placozoans and sponges
E)sponges and cnidarians

Question 9

Which of thfollowing fossils is thearliest known bird?

A)Archaeopteryx.
B)Confusciusornis sanctus.
C)Sinosauropteryx prima.
D)Ammonites.
E)Picarara liops.

Question 10

Which of thfollowing statements is FALSE?

A)The development of coelom was necessary before organisms could develop a large size.
B)Segmentation allows increasing specialization of body parts.
C)The development of an elongated gut allows specialized regions to carry out different functions.
D)Organisms with radial symmetry developed into the ultimate predators.
E)Bilaterally symmetrical animals also display a head region.

Question 11

Which of thfollowing fossils werdiscoverein China by a farmer?

A)Archaeopteryx.
B)Confusciusornis sanctus.
C)Sinosauropteryx prima.
D)Ichtyostega.
E)Tyrannosaurus rex.

Question 12

Th__________ represent thfirst animals.

A)sponges
B)platozoans
C)placozoans
D)cnidarians
E)flatworms

Question 13

Fossils provide

A)hints about how modern species are susceptible to evolution.
B)evidence of the relationship among animal lineages.
C)information about transitions between major groups.
D)evidence of the relationship among animal lineages and hints about how modern species are susceptible to evolution.
E)evidence of the relationship among animal lineages and information about transitions between major groups.

Question 14

All animals armulticellular,

A)heterotrophic, and aerobic.
B)heterotrophic, and lack motility.
C)autotrophic, and have embryos.
D)autotrophic, and motile.
E)heterotrophic, sexual, and non-embryonic.

Question 15

Fossils support evidencthat animals appeareduring the

A)Cambrian.
B)Precambrian.
C)Devonian.
D)Jurassic.
E)Cretaceous.

Question 16

Archaeopteryx (fossils) werlikely

A)carnivorous.
B)herbivorous.
C)autotrophs.
D)decomposers.
E)carnivorous and autotrophs.

Question 17

Animals may

A)reproduce sexually.
B)reproduce asexually.
C)carry specialized cell types as they develop from embryo to adult.
D)reproduce sexually and carry specialized cell types as they develop from embryo to adult.
E)reproduce sexually, asexually, and carry specialized cell types as they develop from embryo to adult.

Question 18

Archaeopteryx anSinosauropteryx prima had

A)sharp teeth.
B)a long tail.
C)wings.
D)sharp teeth and a long tail.
E)sharp teeth, a long tail, and wings.

Question 19

Which of thfollowing biologists publishethbook entitleOn thOrigin of Species, discussing in detail thprinciplof evolution?

A)Alfred Wallace
B)Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C)Pierre Maupertuis
D)Charles Darwin
E)Erasmus Darwin

Question 20

In an animal, a structurmadup of onor mortypof cells that arorganizein a specific pattern anthat carry out a particular function is called

A)an organ.
B)a tissue.
C)an organ system.
D)an organ or a tissue.
E)an organ or an organ system.

Question 21

Which of thfollowing groups does NOT havtissues?

A)roundworms
B)sponges
C)echinoderms
D)flatworms
E)cnidarians

Question 22

Sea anemones are

A)polyp forms of cnidarians.
B)medusae forms of cnidarians.
C)spongiforms of cnidarians.
D)spongiforms of echinoderms.
E)polyp forms of echinoderms.

Question 23

In __________, thfirst embryonic opening becomes an anus, anthseconbecomes thmouth.

A)microtomes
B)protostomes
C)deuterostomes
D)macrotomes
E)pseudostomes

Question 24

Which onof thfollowing do sponges display?

A)definite symmetry
B)organs
C)anus
D)glasslike structural elements
E)appendages

Question 25

Which of thfollowing statements is NOT true?

A)Mammals are vertebrates.
B)Invertebrates have no backbone.
C)There are more vertebrates than invertebrates.
D)The phylogenetic tree of animals begins with the sponges.
E)Arthropods have the most species.

Question 26

Which of thfollowing arcnidarian body shapes?

A)spongiforms
B)polyps
C)medusae
D)spongiforms and polyps
E)polyps and medusae

Question 27

Spongcells obtain nutrients by

A)absorbing food that diffuses from the central cavity.
B)capturing food in their microvilli.
C)absorbing food distributed by amoeboid cells.
D)phagocytosing bacteria and other small food items.
E)engulfing food with pseudopods.

Question 28

Which of thfollowing cushions anprotects internal organs yet moves independently of thbody wall?

A)the coelom
B)the mesoderm
C)the mantle
D)the water-vascular system
E)all of these

Question 29

Sponges are

A)herbivores.
B)filter feeders.
C)scavengers.
D)predators.
E)carnivores.

Question 30

An animal with bilateral symmetry

A)has a left and right half.
B)usually displays cephalization.
C)produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.
D)has a left and right half and usually displays cephalization.
E)has a left and right half, usually displays cephalization and produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.

Question 31

Major trends in thevolution of animals include

A)cephalization, the development of a definite head region.
B)the development of types of symmetry.
C)variation in coelomic cavities.
D)the development of segments.
E)all of these.

Question 32

A digestivtrack is saito bcompletif it

A)possesses specialized regions for different digestive tasks.
B)produces acids and contains enzymes.
C)is a one-way tube with a mouth and an anus.
D)is surrounded by muscles.
E)is all of these.

Question 33

In a sponge, which of thfollowing cells arresponsiblfor trapping food?

A)flattened cells
B)ectodermic cells
C)collar cells
D)flattened cells and ectodermic cells
E)flattened cells, ectodermic cells, and collar cells

Question 34

Unlikother animals, sponges lack

A)a digestive track.
B)a symmetry body plan.
C)nerve cells.
D)a digestive track and a symmetry body plan.
E)a digestive track, a symmetry body plan, and nerve cells.

Question 35

Which of thfollowing animals lack a "true" coelom?

A)flatworms only
B)annelids only
C)roundworms only
D)flatworms and annelids
E)flatworms and roundworms

Question 36

Radial organisms such as __________ havno front or back end.

A)sponges and sea urchins
B)jellyfishes and anemones
C)sea stars and jellyfishes
D)sea urchins and sea stars
E)sponges and jellyfishes

Question 37

A jellylikmatrix is founin which of thfollowing groups?

A)sponges
B)cnidarians
C)roundworms
D)flatworms
E)annelids

Question 38

Jellyfishes are

A)polyp forms of cnidarians.
B)medusae forms of cnidarians.
C)spongiforms of cnidarians.
D)spongiforms of echinoderms.
E)polyp forms of echinoderms.

Question 39

Which of thfollowing organisms exhibits cephalization?

A)flatworms
B)sea anemone
C)sea star
D)sponge
E)jellyfish

Question 40

Feeding in sponges is dependent on

A)collar cells.
B)pores.
C)water flow.
D)pores and water flow.
E)collar cells, pores, and water flow.

Question 41

Which of thfollowing is NOT truof earthworms?

A)They are hermaphrodites.
B)They possess a few chitin-stiff bristles on each segment.
C)They are scavengers and predators of both invertebrates and vertebrates.
D)They have a brain.
E)None of these.

Question 42

Children in thUniteStates arfrequently infecteby

A)roundworms causing lymphatic filariasis.
B)pinworms.
C)heartworms.
D)Caenorhabditis elegans.
E)gastropods.

Question 43

Which of thfollowing tasks CANNOT bperformeby earthworms?

A)chewing food
B)respiration
C)aeration of the soil
D)movement using chitin-stiff bristles
E)excretion of water

Question 44

Which of thfollowing archaracterizeby radial symmetrical members?

A)annelids
B)arthropods
C)cnidarians
D)roundworms
E)flatworms

Question 45

Which of thfollowing has a gut with two openings, a mouth, anan anus?

A)jellyfish
B)earthworm
C)flatworm
D)sponge
E)sea anemone

Question 46

Which of thfollowing organisms is NOT a cephalopod?

A)slug
B)octopus
C)squid
D)cuttlefish
E)nautilus

Question 47

Mollusks include

A)pseudopods and annelids.
B)arthropods and cephalopods.
C)annelids and polypods.
D)arthropods and polypods.
E)gastropods and cephalopods.

Question 48

Nematocysts arfounonly in

A)cnidarians.
B)roundworms.
C)crustaceans.
D)echinoderms.
E)arthropods.

Question 49

All mollusks have

A)a mantle.
B)a shell.
C)gills.
D)lungs.
E)all of these except gills.

Question 50

Cnidarians do NOT have

A)tentacles equipped with nematocysts.
B)a brain.
C)radial symmetry.
D)a digestive cavity.
E)a medusa stage.

Question 51

Squids arexamples of

A)cephalopods.
B)pseudopods.
C)monopods.
D)gastropods.
E)polypods.

Question 52

Which of thfollowing organisms possesses a segmentebody with coelom, a completdigestivsystem, ana closecirculatory system?

A)sponge
B)tapeworm
C)earthworm
D)jellyfish
E)flatworm

Question 53

Snails arexamples of

A)cephalopods.
B)pseudopods
C)monopods.
D)gastropods.
E)polypods.

Question 54

Molting is

A)the anterior attachment of a tapeworm.
B)the feeding organ of a fluke.
C)an appendage of a polychaete.
D)the periodic shedding of the outer body layer.
E)the larva of an aquatic insect.

Question 55

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of a

A)cnidarian
B)roundworm
C)echinoderm
D)corals
E)flatworm

Question 56

Which body plan is characterizeby simplgas exchangmechanisms, two-way traffic through a highly branched, saclikgut, ana thin, flat body with all cells fairly closto thgut?

A)cnidarian
B)roundworm
C)echinoderm
D)flatworm
E)sponge

Question 57

Nematocysts are

A)reproductive cells.
B)excretory organs.
C)sets of muscle cells.
D)circulatory cells.
E)defensive cells.

Question 58

Flatworms have

A)one sex.
B)both sexes.
C)only the male sex.
D)only the female sex.
E)neither sex.

Question 59

Cephalopods arthonly mollusks that possess

A)a mantle.
B)gills.
C)a closed circulatory system.
D)shells.
E)a closed circulatory system and shell.

Question 60

Cephalopods

A)are predators.
B)move by jet propulsion.
C)have a radial symmetry.
D)are predators and move by jet propulsion.
E)are predators, move by jet propulsion, and have a radial symmetry.

Question 61

Which group is strictly marinwith no freshwater or terrestrial forms?

A)echinoderms
B)flatworms
C)cnidarians
D)mollusks
E)annelids

Question 62

Which of thfollowing adaptations has contributeto thsuccess of insects?

A)specialized sensory organs
B)wings
C)high reproductive capacity
D)specialized sensory organs and wings
E)specialized sensory organs, wings, and high reproductive capacity

Question 63

Which of thfollowing organisms causes lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis?

A)cephalopods
B)tapeworms
C)earthworms
D)roundworms
E)flatworms

Question 64

Which of thfollowing is NOT a defining trait of a chordate's embryo?

A)A rod of stiff but flexible connective tissue extends the length of the body and provides support.
B)A hollow nerve cord parallels the notochord.
C)A vertebrate column extends the length of the body and supports the jaw.
D)Gill slits open across the wall of the pharynx.
E)A muscular tail extends beyond the anus.

Question 65

Which of thfollowing organisms havan exoskeleton?

A)annelids
B)arthropods
C)cnidarians
D)roundworms
E)flatworms

Question 66

Tunicates anlancelets represent thtwo groups of

A)vertebrate chordates.
B)mollusks.
C)arthropods.
D)invertebrate chordates.
E)ectoderms.

Question 67

Shrimps, crabs, anlobsters arexamples of

A)cephalopods.
B)gastropods.
C)mollusks.
D)arachnids.
E)crustaceans.

Question 68

__________ transmit heartworms fro__________.

A)Flies; cow to cow
B)Mosquitoes; cow to cow
C)Mosquitoes; dog to dog
D)Flies; cat to cat
E)Flies; horse to horse

Question 69

Thmost successful animals that havever evolvearthe

A)vertebrates.
B)insects.
C)humans.
D)protozoans.
E)mollusks.

Question 70

Which of thfollowing is TRUof insects?

A)Insects have a head with a single pair of antennae.
B)All insects have three pair of legs that are attached to their thorax.
C)Insects include lepidopterans and hymenopterans.
D)Insects play a key role in the reproduction of angiosperms.
E)All of these are true.

Question 71

Thtubfeet of sea stars aruseprimarily for

A)excretion of excess water.
B)locomotion.
C)respiration.
D)circulation.
E)sensation.

Question 72

Which of thfollowing statements is NOT true?

A)All chordates have notochords.
B)All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or slits.
C)All chordates have dorsal tubular nerve cords.
D)All chordates are vertebrates.
E)All chordates have tails.

Question 73

Which of thfollowing statements is FALSE?

A)All vertebrates have a ventral tubular nervous system.
B)All vertebrates have a tail at some stage in their life cycle.
C)All vertebrates have a notochord at some stage of their life cycle.
D)All vertebrates have pharyngeal gill slits at some stage in their life cycle.
E)All vertebrates have a dorsal nerve cord.

Question 74

Thchordatfeaturstill present in thhuman adult is

A)the pharyngeal gill slits.
B)the nerve cord.
C)the notochord.
D)the tail.
E)all of these.

Question 75

Thmajority of deuterostomes are

A)chordates.
B)ectoderms.
C)insects.
D)mollusks.
E)annelids.

Question 76

Thnotochoris most closely associatewith the

A)nervous system.
B)spinal cord.
C)skeletal system.
D)skin system.
E)brain.

Question 77

A water-vascular systethat operates thtubfeet is characteristic of thtubcomprising the

A)arthropods.
B)annelids.
C)chordates.
D)mollusks.
E)echinoderms.

Question 78

Which of thfollowing organisms is not an arachnid?

A)spider
B)scorpion
C)tick
D)ant
E)mite

Question 79

Which of thfollowing is a disadvantagof an exoskeleton?

A)It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an endoskeleton.
B)It allows for excess water loss.
C)It must be shed for its owner to grow.
D)It is not flexible enough to allow a full range of movements.
E)It is not able to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage.

Question 80

Metamorphosis in arthropods implies a

A)remodeling of body form during the transition from larva to adult.
B)change in sex.
C)change in body size.
D)change in eating habits.
E)change in sensory structures.