Deck 14: Plants and Fungi

Question 1

Photosynthetic plants evolvedirectly frowhich of thfollowing organisms?

A)angiosperms
B)bryophytes
C)green algae
D)seedless vascular plants
E)gymnosperms

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of thfollowing statements is truof plants in tropical forests?

A)They act as sponges, absorbing water from heavy rains.
B)They take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
C)They maintain humidity by slowly releasing the water absorbed.
D)They make available atmospheric oxygen for the good of other organisms.
E)They do all of these.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of thfollowing statements is NOT truof plants in tropical forests?

A)They prevent flooding.
B)They prevent erosion.
C)They stabilize lakes and rivers by favoring sedimentation.
D)They prevent soil from washing away or losing its nutrients.
E)All of these are NOT true.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of thfollowing does NOT describtrends in plant evolution?

A)nonvascular to vascular
B)spores of two types to spores of one type
C)motile gametes
D)seedless to seed
E)haploid to diploid dominance

Question 5

Cutting down forests affects

A)the local climate.
B)the balance in the ecosystem.
C)the composition of the soil.
D)animals and insects.
E)all of these.

Question 6

Thcuticlof a plant is primarily for

A)retention of water.
B)conduction of fluids.
C)absorption of carbon dioxide.
D)protection from strong sunlight.
E)all of these.

Question 7

Thfirst haploicell in thlifcyclof a plant is the

A)zygote.
B)gamete.
C)gametophyte plant.
D)spore.
E)spore mother cell.

Question 8

In thlifcyclof vascular plants, meiosis occurs

A)immediately before fertilization.
B)during the production of gametes.
C)as way of reducing the number of chromosomes in a zygote.
D)in the process of spore formation.
E)in the gametangia.

Question 9

Stomata arresponsiblfor

A)water escape from the leaves only.
B)carbon dioxide entry only.
C)mineral absorption only.
D)regulation of water balance and entry and exit of gases.
E)water escape from the leaves, carbon dioxide entry, and mineral absorption.

Question 10

Green plants neewhich of thfollowing?

A)sunlight energy
B)water
C)carbon dioxide
D)minerals
E)all of these

Question 11

Which of thfollowing Nobel PeacPricwinners was honorefor developing th"Green Belt Movement" which consists of planting new trees?

A)Wangari Maathai
B)Mother Teresa
C)Desmond Tutu
D)Mairead Maguire
E)Dalai Lama

Question 12

In thlifcyclof bryophytes, which of thfollowing predominates?

A)gametophyte stage
B)sporophyte stage
C)large sporophyte body
D)diploid stage and large sporophyte body
E)both gametophyte stage and large sporophyte body

Question 13

Tropical forests arlikely to bfounin which of thfollowing countries?

A)Southern Argentina (Latin America)
B)Gabon (Africa)
C)Mongolia (Asia)
D)Algeria (Africa)
E)Italia (Europe)

Question 14

Which of thfollowing lists is thright sequencin thevolution of plants?

A)angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms
B)bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms
C)gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants
D)seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms
E)gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms >>> seedless vascular plants

Question 15

Which of thfollowing is TRUof xylem?

A)It conducts water downward in the plant.
B)It transports food upward in the plant.
C)It transports minerals and water throughout the plant.
D)It transports material from stem to leaf.
E)It supports the plant stem.

Question 16

In which of thfollowing countries artropical forests threateneby thgrowing economical needs of populations?

A)Mongolia (Asia)
B)Algeria (Africa)
C)Italia (Europe)
D)Southern Argentina (Latin America)
E)Gabon (Africa)

Question 17

Spores within harcapsules arbornby

A)the sporocyte stage.
B)diploid organisms.
C)spores.
D)the sporocyte stage in diploid organisms.
E)the spores of the sporocyte stage in diploid organisms.

Question 18

In less than four decades, humans havdestroyemorthan __________ percent of tropical forests by logging.

A)12
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)85

Question 19

Which of thfollowing is NOT a trenevident to plant evolution?

A)increasing independence from water
B)development of vascular tissue
C)increasing dominance of the gametophyte generation
D)evolution from one type of spore to two types of spores
E)development of the importance of the diploid phase of life cycle

Question 20

Deforestation causes

A)changes in the pattern of rainfall.
B)an increase in the average temperature.
C)a moisture decline.
D)a fertility decline.
E)all of these.

Question 21

Which of thfollowing plants arNOT bryophytes?

A)mosses
B)ferns
C)liverworts
D)hornworts
E)nonvascular plants

Question 22

Which of thfollowing is NOT truof seedless vascular plants?

A)Sporophytes are independent of gametophytes.
B)Water is not needed for gamete transport.
C)Sporophytes have vascular tissue.
D)Seeds are not produced.
E)Living members still exist.

Question 23

Ferns armoradvancethan mosses becausmosses lack which structures founin ferns?

A)spores
B)cuticle
C)xylem
D)sporophytes
E)pollen

Question 24

Which of thfollowing produces no seeds?

A)cycads
B)conifers
C)horsetails
D)ginkgos
E)tomatoes

Question 25

Mosses are

A)algae.
B)bryophytes.
C)vascular plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)extinct.

Question 26

Bryophytes differ froall other lanplants in that they

A)possess swimming sperm.
B)were the first form to successfully invade land.
C)have independent gametophytes and dependent sporophytes.
D)exhibit alternation of generations.
E)possess gametangia that produce sperm and egg.

Question 27

Which of thfollowing statements is TRUE?

A)Bryophytes have a water-conserving cuticle.
B)The liverworts and mosses lack true leaves and stems but possess true roots.
C)The sperm and eggs of bryophytes are naked and lack any adaptations to keep them from drying out.
D)Bryophytes do not reproduce sexually except under unusual environmental conditions.
E)Bryophytes produce male and female gametophytes that are identical in appearance and are identical to sporophytes.

Question 28

Which of thfollowing plants arbryophytes anarpest plants?

A)pines
B)ferns
C)peat mosses
D)liverworts
E)hornworts

Question 29

Thproduction of two types of spores leto thevolution of

A)gymnosperms and angiosperms.
B)pollen grains and seeds.
C)male and female plant parts.
D)pollen grains and seeds in male and female plant parts.
E)gymnosperms and angiosperms which bear pollen grains and seeds in male and female plant parts.

Question 30

Thmosses, liverworts, anhornworts armembers of which group?

A)conifers
B)ferns
C)gymnosperms
D)bryophytes
E)angiosperms

Question 31

Which of thfollowing statements is FALSE?

A)Mosses do not have xylem and phloem.
B)Mosses do not have true leaves.
C)Mosses do not have true stems.
D)Mosses use rhizoids, not roots, for attachment and absorption.
E)Mosses are different from all other plants in that they have an independent sporophyte generation and a dependent gametophyte generation.

Question 32

Which of thfollowing characteristics is common to bryophytes anto seedless vascular plants?

A)xylem
B)sporophyte predominant
C)gametophyte predominant
D)water required for fertilization
E)phloem

Question 33

Seedless vascular plants evolvefrom

A)bryophytes.
B)angiosperms.
C)ferns.
D)gymnosperms.
E)molds.

Question 34

Which of thfollowing is TRUconcerning seeds?

A)Present-day ferns produce seeds.
B)Seeds form from the female gametophyte.
C)Pollen grains mature into seeds.
D)Most seeds contain two types of spores.
E)All of these are true.

Question 35

In ferns, club mosses, anhorsetails

A)the main plant body is a gametophyte.
B)vascular tissue is absent.
C)the sporophyte bears sperm- and egg-producing organs.
D)spores give rise to gametophytes.
E)all of these are true.

Question 36

Which of thfollowing plants arbryophytes anaruseas fuel?

A)pines
B)ferns
C)peat mosses
D)liverworts
E)hornworts

Question 37

Which of thfollowing is FALSE?

A)The male gametophyte forms inside the pollen grain.
B)Male gametophytes produce sperm.
C)Pollen grains divide to form microspores.
D)Microspores are smaller than macrospores.
E)All of these are false.

Question 38

Gametophytes are

A)haploid plants that produce spores.
B)diploid plants that produce spores.
C)haploid plants that produce gametes.
D)diploid plants that produce gametes.
E)diploid or haploid plants that produce gametes.

Question 39

Which of thfollowing woulNOT bassociatewith vascular plants?

A)root system
B)bryophytes
C)angiosperms
D)gymnosperms
E)shoot systems

Question 40

Which statement about bryophytes is NOT true?

A)The sporophyte is haploid.
B)The sporangium produces spores.
C)The sporophyte is parasitic and attached to the gametophyte.
D)Meiosis precedes spore formation.
E)Bryophytes require water for sexual reproduction.

Question 41

Somgymnosperms

A)were the first plants not to have swimming sperm and were therefore freed from the need for water to reproduce.
B)are divided into two groups, the monocots and eudicots.
C)were the first plants to develop vascular tissues.
D)were the first plants to develop flowers to attract insects.
E)were the first flowering plants.

Question 42

Which of thfollowing plants is NOT a conifer?

A)pine
B)fir
C)cedar
D)ginkgo
E)cypress

Question 43

Seedless vascular plants

A)produce lignin.
B)have a reduced gametophyte stage.
C)have structures called phloem.
D)produce lignin and have a reduced gametophyte stage.
E)produce lignin, have a reduced gametophyte stage, and have structures called phloem.

Question 44

Which structurwill develop into a seed?

A)archegonium
B)female gametophyte
C)ovule
D)ovary
E)pollen grains

Question 45

Which of thfollowing will eventually produca maturovule?

A)megaspore
B)microsporangium
C)microspore
D)microgamete
E)all of these

Question 46

Rhizomes in thhorsetails servthsamfunction as __________ in moradvancelanplants.

A)leaves
B)stems
C)roots
D)seeds
E)flowers

Question 47

Which of thfollowing statements is FALSE?

A)The ferns differ from other vascular plants because they lack seeds.
B)The ferns differ from other vascular plants by having an independent sporophyte generation.
C)The ferns are restricted to wet environments because of the requirements of gametophytes.
D)Ferns have true roots, stems, and leaves.
E)Ferns possess both xylem and phloem.

Question 48

Which of thfollowing statements about fertilization in ferns is TRUE?

A)It occurs within the female structure.
B)It requires water.
C)The fertilization product is a seed.
D)It occurs within the female structure, and it requires water.
E)It occurs within the female structure, it requires water, and the fertilization product is a seed.

Question 49

In many ferns,

A)gametes are produced after mitosis.
B)asexual reproduction occurs more frequently than sexual reproduction.
C)fertilization is followed by formation of a fruit.
D)the gametophyte stage is longer than the sporophyte stage.
E)all of these apply.

Question 50

In seeplants,

A)xylem conveys sugar from the production site to the storage site.
B)fertilization requires water.
C)after pollination, a tube shrinks from the pollen grain and delivers sperm to the egg.
D)male gametophyte and female gametophyte develop independently.
E)all of these apply.

Question 51

Which of thfollowing plants arwidely plantein cities becausof their resistancto insects anpredators?

A)lycopods
B)ginkgoes
C)Dutch elms
D)conifers
E)grasses

Question 52

Thfeaturof horsetails that was useful beforthinvention of modern abrasivcleaners was (were)

A)rhizomes.
B)photosynthetic cells.
C)its value as a source of stomachache medicine.
D)cones at the tips.
E)silica in the stem.

Question 53

Which of thfollowing will eventually produca maturpollen?

A)megaspore
B)microsporangium
C)microspore
D)microgamete
E)all of these

Question 54

Which of thfollowing arseeplants?

A)cycads
B)ginkgoes
C)conifers
D)angiosperms
E)all of these

Question 55

Thseedevelops frothe

A)gametophyte.
B)ovary.
C)ovule.
D)pollen grain.
E)zygote.

Question 56

Which of thfollowing plants is NOT a gymnosperm?

A)cycad
B)palm
C)spruce
D)ginkgo
E)gnetophyte

Question 57

What is thnamgiven to th"leaves" of a fern?

A)rhizome
B)rhizoid
C)frond
D)sorus
E)bronchus

Question 58

Many tropical ferns can livon other plants without withdrawing nutrients frothem.Thesferns arsaito be

A)epiphytes.
B)bryophytes.
C)gametophytes.
D)sporophytes.
E)saprophytes.

Question 59

Which of thfollowing plants arcapablof secondary growth?

A)ferns
B)horsetails
C)peat mosses
D)maple trees
E)liverworts

Question 60

Microspores maturinto

A)ovules.
B)seeds.
C)pollen grains.
D)anthers.
E)plants.

Question 61

Angiosperms

A)are the most successful of all plants.
B)are the most diverse of all plants.
C)are represented by a number of heterotrophic plants.
D)have embryos that are provided with food by an endosperm, a unique structure found only within the angiosperms.
E)have all of these characteristics.

Question 62

Thvast majority of plant species are

A)algae.
B)bryophytes.
C)gymnosperms.
D)angiosperms.
E)chemoheterotrophs.

Question 63

Saprobes are

A)cytoplasmic organelles.
B)metabolic by-products.
C)organisms that feed on dead bodies.
D)parasites of plants.
E)an evolutionary dead end.

Question 64

A pintreis

A)an angiosperm.
B)a haploid plant body.
C)a sporophyte.
D)a living fossil.
E)all of these.

Question 65

In fungi, foomaterials ardigested

A)within the food vacuole.
B)outside the body.
C)intracellularly.
D)by the mitochondria.
E)by the host organism.

Question 66

Thfirst organisms that dinot requirwater for reproduction were

A)ferns.
B)lycophytes.
C)cycads.
D)flowering plants.
E)some gymnosperms.

Question 67

Thfirst group with flowers was

A)algae.
B)ferns.
C)bryophytes.
D)angiosperms.
E)gymnosperms.

Question 68

Which of thfollowing plants arNOT monocots?

A)lilies
B)palms
C)roses
D)grasses
E)orchids

Question 69

Thdomination of thflowering plants over thpast 100 million years appear to btheir coevolution with

A)dinosaurs.
B)gymnosperms.
C)insect pollinators.
D)mammals.
E)birds.

Question 70

In pintrees, thimmaturmalgametophytis

A)a megaspore.
B)the embryonic pine seed.
C)developed within a pollen grain.
D)a pollen tube.
E)all of these.

Question 71

Thgroup of seeplants that has thmost species is the

A)magnoliids.
B)ferns.
C)gymnosperms.
D)monocots.
E)eudicots.

Question 72

Which of thfollowing is TRUof fungi?

A)Fungi include molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.
B)In multicelled fungi, cells are organized in structures called mycelia.
C)All fungi produce spores.
D)All fungi are decomposers.
E)All of these are true.

Question 73

Which of thesorganisms, sometimes calleliving fossils, is representeby only onspecies?

A)equisetum, or horsetails
B)lycophytes, or club mosses
C)gnetophyte
D)ginkgo
E)cycad

Question 74

Angiosperms armoradvancethan gymnosperms becausgymnosperms lack which structurfounin angiosperms?

A)independent gametophytes
B)pollen grains
C)fruits
D)roots
E)stems

Question 75

Which of thfollowing statements about thpinconis correct?

A)Cones are exclusively a female structure.
B)Cones are the result of pollination.
C)One type of cone produces microspores.
D)Seeds are enclosed in cones.
E)One type of cone produces microspores, and seeds are enclosed in cones.

Question 76

Dependencon animal vectors for fertilization is characteristic of many species of

A)ferns.
B)angiosperms.
C)mosses.
D)conifers.
E)pine.

Question 77

What occurs within a femalconof a pintree?

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)fertilization
D)both meiosis and mitosis
E)meiosis, mitosis, and fertilization

Question 78

In flowering plants, pollen grains forin thflower's malparts called

A)stamens.
B)anthers.
C)carpels.
D)megaspores.
E)endosperms.

Question 79

Thfemalpart of a flower is known as the

A)stamen.
B)anther.
C)carpel.
D)megaspore.
E)endosperm.

Question 80

A pinseeis composeprimarily of

A)the embryo.
B)female gametophyte.
C)seed coats.
D)the embryo and seed coats.
E)the embryo, seed coats, and female gametophyte.