Deck 22: Immunity

Question 1

Gardasil®

A)is a vaccine against four types of HPV.
B)is most effective in younger girls who have yet to become sexually active.
C)was approved by the FDA in 2006.
D)prevents cervical cancer shown to be caused by HPV strains 16 and 18.
E)is described by all of these.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Blooantissufluids of healthy people

A)contain different normal flora than found on the skin.
B)contain the same normal flora as found on the skin.
C)contain twice as many bacteria and yeast as found on the skin.
D)contain only protozoa as part of the normal flora.
E)are generally sterile and contain no microorganisms.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Thcervix is

A)the upper part of the uterus.
B)the lowest part of the bladder.
C)the lowest part of the uterus.
D)connected to the fallopian tubes.
E)none of these.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Whitbloocells arcentral to

A)innate immunity.
B)clot formation.
C)the transport of oxygen to tissues.
D)adaptive immunity.
E)both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Question 5

Precancerous cervical cells can bdetecteby

A)routine Pap smears.
B)self-examination.
C)a series of blood tests.
D)x-ray examinations.
E)all of these.

Question 6

__________ hav(has) a responstimof about a week.

A)Innate and adaptive immunities
B)Adaptive immunity
C)Innate immunity
D)Neither innate nor adaptive immunities
E)Complement immunity

Question 7

Which whitbloocells is thonly cell that produces antibodies?

A)B cell
B)T cell
C)natural killer cell
D)dendritic cell
E)all of these

Question 8

Oncthskin is breache(cut), which linof defenswoulbactivated?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)all
E)none

Question 9

Microorganisms founon human skin (normal flora)

A)may cause serious illnesses if they invade the internal environment.
B)rob humans of needed nutrients.
C)hinder digestion of food.
D)occur in very low numbers, roughly 100 or less per square inch.
E)prefer cool, dry areas of the skin.

Question 10

Specific targeting of an antigen is a characteristic of which linof defense?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)all
E)none

Question 11

A(n) __________ is a moleculthat woulbrecognizeby thbody as foreign.

A)leukocyte
B)complement protein
C)antigen
D)enzyme
E)mast cell

Question 12

What is occurring in thimage?

A)A macrophage is engaged in phagocytosis of a foreign particle.
B)A mast cell is secreting histamine.
C)A T cell is engaged in phagocytosis of a foreign particle.
D)An eosinophil is attacking an allergen.
E)None of these are occurring.

Question 13

__________ arenzymes founin th__________ secreteby cells lining thbody's interior tubes ancavities.

A)lysozymes; proteins
B)peroxidases; acid
C)ATPases; mucous
D)lysozymes; mucous
E)none of the above

Question 14

Innatimmunity defenses include

A)phagocytosis.
B)complement system.
C)inflammation.
D)fever.
E)all of these.

Question 15

Thskin woulban examplof

A)a first line of defense.
B)a second line of defense.
C)a third line of defense.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 16

A maturmonocytis NOT

A)an antigen-presenting phagocyte called a macrophage.
B)able to secrete cytokines.
C)able to enter damaged tissue.
D)anchored in tissues.
E)capable of circulating in the blood.

Question 17

Which onof thfollowing characteristics do eosinophils, neutrophils, anmast cells havin common?

A)They all lack a nucleus.
B)They are all anchored to tissue.
C)They all circulate in the bloodstream.
D)They all have granules.
E)They are all capable of targeting cancer cells.

Question 18

In comparing innatimmunity to adaptivimmunity, which of thfollowing statements is (are) correct?

A)Innate immunity has a response time of about a week; adaptive immunity has an immediate response time.
B)Innate immunity uses billions of different antigen receptors to detect antigens; adaptive immunity has a fixed set of receptors.
C)Innate immunity does not target specific antigens; adaptive immunity does target specific antigens.
D)Innate immunity has a long persistence; adaptive immunity does not persist.
E)Both a and b are correct.

Question 19

Which component of thbloohelps to carry out all immunresponse?

A)red blood cells
B)platelets
C)lymph
D)white blood cells
E)both a and d

Question 20

Mast cells

A)are anchored in tissue.
B)secrete substances contained within their granules.
C)will respond to injury or antigen.
D)may respond to chemical signals from the nervous system.
E)fit all of these characteristics.

Question 21

Fever __________ immundefenses by __________ thratof enzymatic activity.

A)enhances; increasing
B)enhances; decreasing
C)inhibits; increasing
D)inhibits; decreasing
E)does none of these

Question 22

B cells or T cells that havyet to binto an antigen arcalled

A)naïve.
B)immature.
C)mature.
D)virginal.
E)none of these.

Question 23

In adaptivimmunresponses, which of thfollowing is NOT capablof acting as an antigen-presenting cell?

A)T cell
B)macrophage
C)dendritic cell
D)B cell
E)all of these are capable

Question 24

When macrophages binto an antigen they secretcytokines.Cytokines act as

A)antibodies.
B)phagocytes.
C)signaling molecules.
D)enzymes.
E)none of these.

Question 25

Fever, a temporary risin body temperature, is causeby threleasof __________ which act(s) on th__________ to raisthbody's internal temperaturset point.

A)antibodies; hypothalamus
B)complement; thyroid
C)complement; hypothalamus
D)prostaglandins; hypothalamus
E)cytokines; thyroid

Question 26

What do acne, gingivitis, anatherosclerosis all havin common?

A)They are caused by inflammation.
B)They involve aerobic bacteria.
C)They are examples of adaptive immunity responses.
D)They occur together; if you have one, you have them all.
E)They can all be life threatening.

Question 27

Inflammation

A)is triggered by activated complement.
B)is a non-specific, local response.
C)results in redness due to increased blood flow.
D)results in swelling due to diffusion of water into the tissue.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 28

When macrophages binantigens, they secret__________ to attract morphagocytic cells.

A)more antigens
B)MHC
C)cytokines
D)antibodies
E)complement

Question 29

Thprimary immunresponse

A)is the only immune response to generate memory cells.
B)results in more antibodies being released into the blood than in the secondary immune response.
C)results in less antibodies being released into the blood than in the secondary immune response.
D)occurs only in children.
E)occurs as a result of a second exposure to an antigen.

Question 30

T cells will begin to secretcytokines when bounto which of thfollowing?

A)a MHC-antigen complex
B)a receptor-antigen complex
C)an antigen directly bound to the surface of a transport vesicle
D)an antigen directly bound to the surface of a macrophage only
E)another T cell only

Question 31

Recognition proteins on thsurfacof your cells arcalled

A)TCRs.
B)cytokines.
C)MHC markers.
D)antibodies.
E)adhesion proteins.

Question 32

Onca macrophagingests a foreign antigen, thantigen is presentein which of thfollowing manners?

A)embedded directly in the cell membrane of the macrophage
B)embedded in the membrane of a transport vesicle and released via exocytosis
C)attached to a receptor protein, forming a receptor-antigen complex
D)attached to MHC, forming a MHC-antigen complex
E)none of these

Question 33

All of thfollowing ardefining characteristics of adaptivimmunity EXCEPT

A)memory.
B)self/non-self recognition.
C)inflammation.
D)specificity.
E)diversity.

Question 34

During inflammation, activatemast cells release

A)cytokines.
B)histamines.
C)complement.
D)prostaglandins.
E)histamines and prostaglandins only.

Question 35

Thability of thadaptivimmunresponsto tailor its responsto a particular antigen is referreto as

A)diversity.
B)memory.
C)specificity.
D)inflammation.
E)self-recognition.

Question 36

Acne

A)is a result of pustules that occur due to inflammation around blocked hair follicles.
B)is caused by an anaerobic bacteria P.acnes.
C)is an example of innate immunity.
D)is seen more often during puberty due to higher hormone levels.
E)is caused by all of these.

Question 37

A naïvB cell

A)is not fully formed.
B)is another term for a memory B cell.
C)is another term for an effector cell.
D)has no antigen bound to its receptor.
E)is targeted for destruction.

Question 38

Onca B cell binds to an antigen

A)it undergoes meiosis.
B)it undergoes mitosis.
C)it dies.
D)it turns into a T cell.
E)none of these occur.

Question 39

Fevers abov42⁰C (107.6⁰F)

A)are a sign that the immune system is doing its job.
B)are usually not dangerous, except in small children.
C)can result in brain damage or death.
D)should be treated with aspirin.
E)never occur.

Question 40

Which whitbloocell typis usually thfirst to encounter an invading pathogen?

A)B cell
B)T cell
C)macrophage
D)natural killer cell
E)basophil

Question 41

Wherarthmajority of antibodies produced?

A)Spleen
B)Tonsils
C)Bone marrow
D)Liver
E)Lymph nodes

Question 42

For questions refer to the diagram.
Which moleculor cell is labeleA?

A)cytokines
B)effector helper T cell
C)complement protein
D)effector B cell
E)memory helper T cell

Question 43

Damageor infectebody cells ardestroyeby

A)helper T cells.
B)cytotoxic T cells.
C)dendritic cells.
D)antibodies.
E)active B cells.

Question 44

If bacterial cells arencounterein thinterstitial fluid, which of thfollowing is thcorrect order of events?

A)Complement proteins bind and coat the bacteria; the complement coated bacteria travel to the lymph nodes; the antibody of a naïve B cell within the lymph node binds to the bacteria; the B cell engulfs the bacteria; the B cell becomes active.
B)Complement proteins bind and coat the bacteria; the B cell becomes active; the complement coated bacteria travel to the lymph nodes; the antibody of a naïve B cell within the lymph node binds to the bacteria; the B cell engulfs the bacteria.
C)Complement proteins bind and coat the bacteria; the antibody of a naïve B cell within the lymph node binds to the bacteria; the complement coated bacteria travel to the lymph nodes; the B cell engulfs the bacteria; the B cell becomes active.
D)The B cell becomes active; complement proteins bind and coat the bacteria; the complement coated bacteria travel to the lymph nodes; the antibody of a naïve B cell within the lymph node binds to the bacteria; the B cell engulfs the bacteria.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 45

Identify thsitindicateby tharrow in thdiagram.

A)complement binding site of an antibody
B)antigen binding site of an antibody
C)MHC binding site of an antigen
D)complement binding site of T cell receptor
E)MHC binding site of a T cell receptor

Question 46

Effector B cells

A)secrete antibodies identical to those of the original B cell from which they arose.
B)secrete antibodies that are different than the original B cell from which they arose.
C)present bound antibodies identical to those of the original B cell from which they arose.
D)present bound antibodies different than those of the original B cell from which they arose.
E)secrete cytokines.

Question 47

In order to activatthcell mediatarof thadaptivimmunresponse, which of thfollowing must occur?

A)A naïve helper T cell must bind to an antigen-presenting dendritic cell.
B)A naïve B cell must be activated in order to activate the effector helper T cell.
C)A free bacterium must pass through a lymph node where it will directly activate the effector helper T cell.
D)A damaged or infected body cell must pass through a lymph node in order to activate T cells.
E)None of these will activate the cell mediate arm.

Question 48

For questions refer to the diagram.
Which moleculor cell is labelewith B?

A)cytokines
B)effector helper T cell
C)complement protein
D)effector B cell
E)memory helper T cell

Question 49

ImmaturT cells acquirthability to recognizforeign invaders in the

A)tonsils.
B)thymus.
C)spleen.
D)bone marrow.
E)liver.

Question 50

Effector B cells secretantibodies that binto any remaining bacterial cells and

A)prevent them from attaching to any body cells.
B)flag them for phagocytosis.
C)bore holes in their cell walls.
D)prevent them from attaching to any body cells, and flag them for phagocytosis.
E)prevent them from attaching to any body cells, flag them for phagocytosis, and bore holes in their cell walls.

Question 51

For questions refer to the diagram.
Which moleculor cell is labelewith C?

A)cytokines
B)effector helper T cell
C)complement protein
D)effector B cell
E)memory helper T cell

Question 52

Differential splicing of antigen receptor genes allows humans to producbillions of uniquantigen receptors.Which of thfollowing statements is trufor a singlmaturB cell?

A)It is capable of displaying thousands of different types of antibodies at once.
B)It never displays antibodies.
C)It will display thousands of the same type of antibody.
D)It can change the type of antibody it displays to adapt to an invader.
E)None of these are true.

Question 53

For questions refer to the diagram.
Which moleculor cell is labelewith D?

A)cytokines
B)effector helper T cell
C)complement protein
D)effector B cell
E)memory helper T cell

Question 54

Thcell mediatbranch of thadaptivimmunresponsinvolves which of thfollowing?

A)targeting of intracellular pathogens
B)destruction of altered or infected body cells
C)cytotoxic T cell response
D)natural killer cell response
E)all of these

Question 55

If a person is incapablof making effector helper T cells, what will bthresult?

A)Memory B cells will not be produced.
B)Effector B cells will not be produced.
C)Memory T cells will not be produced.
D)Complement cascade will not occur.
E)Both a and b will result

Question 56

Effector helper T cells releascytokines only when which of thfollowing occur?

A)The effector helper T cell binds to an antigen-presenting dendritic cell.
B)The effector helper T cell binds to a memory T cell.
C)The effector helper T cell binds to a complement protein.
D)The effector helper T cell binds to MHC-antigen complexes on B cells.
E)Any of these can stimulate cytokine production.

Question 57

Whether an antigen is bounto an antigen-presenting cell or frein thinterstitial fluid, it must pass through what structurin order to begin activation of thadaptivimmunresponse?

A)bone marrow
B)lymph node
C)liver
D)pancreas
E)spleen

Question 58

Why do lymph nodes swell during an infection?

A)Macrophages accumulate in them.
B)Bacteria accumulate in them.
C)T cells accumulate in them.
D)Production of lymphatic fluid increases.
E)Production of mucous increases.

Question 59

If a toxin is detectein thblood, which adaptivimmunresponswoulyou expect to occur?

A)cell-mediated immune response
B)antibody-mediated immune response
C)inflammation
D)fever
E)all of these

Question 60

B cells maturin th__________, whilT cells maturin th__________.

A)tonsils; thymus
B)lymph nodes; tonsils
C)thymus; bone marrow
D)bone marrow; spleen
E)bone marrow; thymus

Question 61

All of thfollowing artruof AIDS, EXCEPT which of thfollowing statements?

A)It is the result of a secondary immune deficiency.
B)It is a consequence of infection with HIV.
C)Sufferers are susceptible to infection and rare forms of cancer.
D)It is easily curable in the U.S.
E)It is a global health concern.

Question 62

Autoimmundisorders arcauseby

A)lymphocytes and antibody molecules attacking self cells instead of only foreign cells.
B)B cell activation.
C)impaired innate immunity function.
D)T cell activation.
E)the inability to make antibodies.

Question 63

Gardasil® HPV vaccinconsists of

A)viral capsid proteins that assemble into virus like particles (VLPs).
B)inactivated HPV.
C)synthetic HPV.
D)antibodies from infected patients.
E)none of these.

Question 64

Passivimmunization differs froactivimmunization in that

A)passive immunization involves receiving antibodies from another individual, and active immunization involves exposure to antigens.
B)passive immunization involves exposure to antigens, and active immunization involves receiving antibodies from another individual.
C)passive immunization is given to adults, and active immunization is given to children.
D)passive immunization does not result in memory cell formation, and active immunization does result in memory cell formation.
E)both a and d are correct.

Question 65

After an activcytotoxic T cell binds to an ailing cell, it releases toxins that

A)poke holes in the cell and cause it to die.
B)bind to the cell and prevent it from harming other self cells.
C)attract macrophages to the cell.
D)poke holes in the cell and cause it to die, and bind to the cell and prevent it from harming other self cells.
E)cause all of these to occur.

Question 66

Thgoal of immunization is to

A)limit the amount of time a person is ill with a disease.
B)induce immunity to disease.
C)enable infected individuals to recover from specific diseases.
D)accomplish all of these.
E)accomplish none of these.

Question 67

Worldwide, how many peoplcurrently havAIDS?

A)33 thousand
B)3 million
C)33 million
D)33 billion
E)3 thousand

Question 68

HIV is ablto shut down a person's adaptivimmunity by attacking which typof cell?

A)cytotoxic T cells
B)effector B cells
C)helper T cells
D)macrophages
E)memory B cells

Question 69

Sensitivity to allergens

A)may be triggered by stress.
B)may be triggered by changes in air temperature.
C)may be due to genetic predisposition.
D)may be triggered by a and b only.
E)may be due to genetic predisposition, and may be triggered by stress and by changes in air temperature.

Question 70

Thcytokines releaseby effector helper T cells causwhich of thfollowing to occur?

A)Rapid mitotic division of B cells form effector and memory B cells.
B)Rapid mitotic division of T cells form cytotoxic and memory B cells.
C)Rapid formation of more naïve B cells and T cells.
D)All of these occur.
E)A and B only occur.

Question 71

Anaphylactic shock is causeby

A)an overproduction of antihistamine.
B)an overproduction of histamines and cytokines.
C)an allergen that escapes detection by the immune system.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 72

Graves disease

A)is an autoimmune disease caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone.
B)is an immunodeficiency disease caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone.
C)is an immunodeficiency disease that leads to Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)is an autoimmune disease caused by infection with HIV.
E)is the result of anaphylactic shock.

Question 73

Thfirst vaccincreatewas for

A)hepatitis B.
B)influenza.
C)small pox.
D)cholera.
E)diphtheria.

Question 74

Why do immunizations requirtwo doses?

A)The first dose stimulates the effector cells only, and the second dose stimulates the memory cells only.
B)The first dose stimulates the primary immune response, and the second dose stimulates the secondary immune response.
C)In case the first dose isn't enough to induce immunity, a second dose is given.
D)It is a way for doctors to make more money.
E)Both c and d are correct.

Question 75

HIV can btransmitteby

A)unprotected sex.
B)sharing needles.
C)mother to infant during pregnancy.
D)mother to infant during breast feeding.
E)all of these.

Question 76

Antihistamines relievallergy symptoms by

A)inhibiting the release of histamines and cytokines.
B)binding directly to histamines.
C)destroying mast cells before they can produce histamines.
D)binding to the allergens.
E)stimulating effector T cells to produce more cytokines.

Question 77

Natural killer cells arcapablof which of thfollowing?

A)stimulating T cell memory
B)killing bacteria in the interstitial fluid
C)destroying body cells lacking MHC
D)shutting down adaptive immune responses
E)destroying parasites in the blood stream

Question 78

Continueexposurto allergens may result in

A)inflammation of the lining of the respiratory tract due to production of histamine and cytokines.
B)increased mucous secretion.
C)constricting of the airways.
D)sneezing.
E)all of these.

Question 79

Small pox

A)kills up to a third of all people it infects.
B)kills over half of all people it infects.
C)is only found in subtropical climates.
D)was eradicated by 1850.
E)is not described by any of these.

Question 80

Thcells capablof releasing histamines are

A)mast cells and basophils.
B)basophils and eosinophils.
C)mast cells and eosinophils.
D)natural killer cells and macrophages.
E)all of these.