Deck 2: Molecules of Life

Question 1

For a given element, all atoms of that element havthsamnumber of

A)neutrons.
B)electrons.
C)protons.
D)protons and neutrons.
E)ions.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Consider thfollowing figure.It is technically INCORRECT in thsensthat

A)protons and neutrons are represented in the nucleus.
B)electrons spin around the nucleus.
C)the charge of protons are not represented.
D)the charge of electrons are not represented.
E)electrons should be much farther away from the atomic nucleus.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Trans fats accumulatin our body because

A)enzymes that we produce are overwhelmed with the quantity that we ingest.
B)we may not produce enzymes able to metabolize these molecules.
C)enzymes that we produce are often defective.
D)those molecules help take the sugar out of the blood.
E)our body can tolerate a fair amount of those molecules.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Thnegativsubatomic particlis

A)the neutron.
B)the proton.
C)the electron.
D)both the electron and the proton.
E)both the proton and the electron.

Question 5

Fats armajor components of thcell

A)membranes.
B)cytoplasm.
C)cytosol.
D)ribosomes.
E)mitochondria.

Question 6

An averagNew Yorker consumes thequivalent of __________ of butter per day.

A)1 teaspoon
B)4 teaspoons
C)1 tablespoon
D)1 stick
E)1 cup

Question 7

Thnumber 30 represents the

A)mass number.
B)atomic number.
C)number of electrons.
D)number of protons.
E)number of neutrons.

Question 8

__________, __________, an__________ arsubatomic particles.

A)cations; anions; electrons
B)cations; anions; ions
C)cations; neutrons; ions
D)protons; neutrons; ions
E)protons; neutrons; electrons

Question 9

Radioactivisotopes

A)are electrically unbalanced.
B)behave the same chemically and physically but differ biologically from other isotopes.
C)are the same physically and biologically but differ from other isotopes chemically.
D)have an excess number of neutrons.
E)are produced when substances are exposed to radiation.

Question 10

Hydrogenatevegetabloil or trans fats are

A)as healthy as natural vegetable oil.
B)as healthy as animal fats.
C)more healthy than animal fats.
D)solid cooking fat.
E)completely wiped off from the market.

Question 11

Which of thfollowing may matter thleast to health?
I)thtypof fat
II)thaveragquantity of fat
III)thforof fat

A)I only
B)I and II
C)I and III
D)II and III
E)II only

Question 12

An averagNew Yorker consumes about __________ pounds of fat per year.

A)100
B)85
C)75
D)55
E)25

Question 13

What is thsmallest particlof an element that retains all thproperties of that element?

A)molecule
B)atom
C)ion
D)compound
E)electron

Question 14

Thpositivsubatomic particlis

A)the neutron.
B)the proton.
C)the electron.
D)both the electron and the proton.
E)both the neutron and the electron.

Question 15

Thnucleus of an atois constituteof

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons
D)protons and neutrons
E)electrons and neutrons

Question 16

A typical fat has __________ fatty acids.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 17

What arthproperties that favor trans fat over other types of fats?
I)long shelf-life
II)cheaper than butter
III)milflavor

A)I and II
B)I, II, and III
C)I only
D)II and III
E)II only

Question 18

Thneutral subatomic particlis

A)the neutron.
B)the proton.
C)the electron.
D)both the electron and the proton.
E)both the neutron and the electron.

Question 19

According to nutritional evidences, thhuman body requires about __________ of fat each day to stay healthy.

A)1 teaspoon
B)4 teaspoons
C)1 tablespoon
D)4 tablespoons
E)1 cup

Question 20

In an atom, __________ spin arounthnucleus.

A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)both neutrons and protons
E)both protons and electrons

Question 21

How many types of chemical bonds arfounwithin anbetween molecules?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)7

Question 22

Tracer isotopes

A)are used only in plants.
B)work differently than nontracers in reactions.
C)have an unbalanced electrical charge.
D)are detected by their radioactivity.
E)are not found in nature.

Question 23

Which of thfollowing statements is (are) TRUabout radioisotopes?

A)Radioisotope decays at a constant rate.
B)Decay of a radioisotope is independent of temperature.
C)Decay of a radioisotope is independent of pressure.
D)A radioisotope decays into a predictable product.
E)All of these are true.

Question 24

How many protons arin thnucleus of a phosphorus atom?

A)5
B)7
C)10
D)15
E)30

Question 25

Electrons arsharein bonds called

A)covalent bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)polar bonds.
D)nonpolar bonds.
E)all of these except ionic bonds.

Question 26

Phosphorus has __________ vacancies.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)8

Question 27

An atothat carries a chargis callea(n)

A)ion.
B)molecule.
C)compound.
D)element.
E)microelement.

Question 28

Which of thfollowing statements is NOT true?

A)All isotopes of an element have the same number of electrons.
B)All isotopes of an element have the same number of protons.
C)All isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
D)All radioactive isotopes are unstable.
E)All isotopes of an element have the same atomic number.

Question 29

Which chemical bonds arfounwithin water molecules?

A)hydrogen
B)ionic
C)covalent
D)inert
E)single

Question 30

How many electrons arin thseconelectron shell of a phosphorus atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)8

Question 31

An atom

A)is positively charged.
B)is negatively charged.
C)is electrically neutral.
D)carries the charge of its electrons.
E)carries the charge of its protons.

Question 32

How many electrons arin thoutermost electron shell of a phosphorus atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)8

Question 33

Radioactivisotopes have

A)excess electrons.
B)excess protons.
C)excess neutrons.
D)insufficient neutrons.
E)insufficient protons.

Question 34

__________ bonds holmolecules of DNA in their characteristic shape.

A)Hydrogen
B)Ionic
C)Covalent
D)Inert
E)Single

Question 35

Thbonin tablsalt (NaCl) is

A)polar.
B)ionic.
C)covalent.
D)double.
E)nonpolar.

Question 36

Which of thfollowing statements is TRUE?

A)Chemical bonds play an important role at keeping subatomic particles together.
B)Chemical bonds keep electrons close to the nucleus.
C)Molecules are formed when two or more atoms come together through chemical bonds.
D)Neighboring molecules could interact together through ionic bonds.
E)Compounds associate together to form molecules.

Question 37

How many electrons arin thinnermost electron shell of a phosphorus atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)8

Question 38

A(n) __________ is a typof chemical bonin which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of oppositcharge.

A)hydrogen bond
B)nonpolar bond
C)polar bond
D)covalent bond
E)ionic bond

Question 39

Instability of radioisotopes is causeby

A)sudden temperature variations.
B)environmental humidity.
C)the random motion of atoms.
D)the disintegration of a neutron into a proton and an electron.
E)the motion of electrons and neutrons.

Question 40

In __________ bonds, atoms sharelectrons equally.

A)double covalent
B)unstable covalent
C)polar covalent
D)nonpolar covalent
E)triple covalent

Question 41

A __________ is a compounthat releases ions other than OH^- anH⁺ when dissolvein water.

A)protein
B)lipid
C)fat
D)salt
E)sugar

Question 42

A pH of 10 is how many times as basic as a pH of 7?

A)2
B)3
C)10
D)100
E)1,000

Question 43

Which of thfollowing represents H⁺?

A)hydrogen ions
B)acid
C)base
D)hydroxyl ion
E)acceptor

Question 44

A hydrogen bonis

A)a sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen and an oxygen nucleus.
B)a sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen nucleus and either an oxygen or a nitrogen nucleus.
C)an attractive force that involves a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are either in two different molecules or within the same molecule.
D)none of these.
E)all of these.

Question 45

Water has thability to retarheat gain anloss duto its

A)hydrophilic interactions.
B)evaporation.
C)hydrogen bonds.
D)crystal structure.
E)liquidity.

Question 46

Cellular pH is kept near a valuof 7 becausof

A)salts.
B)buffers.
C)acids.
D)bases.
E)water.

Question 47

Methangas (CH₄) is an examplof a moleculcontaining which typof chemical bonds?

A)hydrogen bonds
B)double bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)polar covalent bonds
E)nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 48

A mix of glucosanwater is callea

A)compound.
B)suspension.
C)solvent.
D)solute.
E)solution.

Question 49

__________ is thtendency of water molecules to stay attacheto onanother.

A)Adhesion
B)Cohesion
C)Fusion
D)Interaction
E)Junction

Question 50

Which of thfollowing is TRUabout water?

A)The oxygen end is slightly electropositive.
B)Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.
C)Water covers about one-half of the surface of the earth.
D)Hydrophobic interactions attract water molecules.
E)Solvent properties are greatest with nonpolar molecules.

Question 51

A substancthat is dissolveby a liquiis callea

A)compound.
B)mixture.
C)solvent.
D)solute.
E)solution.

Question 52

A water moleculis polar

A)because it is positively charged.
B)because it is negatively charged.
C)because it is magnetized.
D)because oxygen pulls the shared electrons a bit more than either hydrogen.
E)because each hydrogen is charged negatively while oxygen is charged positively.

Question 53

A solution with a pH of 8 is how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6?

A)2
B)3
C)10
D)100
E)1,000

Question 54

A liquithat can dissolvother substances is callea

A)compound.
B)mixture.
C)solvent.
D)solute.
E)solution.

Question 55

Water is an excellent solvent because

A)it forms spheres of hydrogenation around charged substances pulling their individual molecules away from one another.
B)it forms hydrogen bonds with many substances.
C)it has a high-heat containing property.
D)of its cohesive properties.
E)of all of these.

Question 56

Which chemical bonds arfounbetween water molecules?

A)hydrogen
B)ionic
C)covalent
D)inert
E)single

Question 57

Which compounis NOT solublin water?

A)olive oil
B)table salt
C)sugar
D)albumin
E)sucrose

Question 58

Which property of water molecules is responsiblfor movement of water froroots to leaves in a plant?

A)hydrophobicity
B)temperature stability
C)fusion
D)adhesion
E)cohesion

Question 59

Glucosdissolves in water becausit

A)ionizes.
B)is a polysaccharide.
C)is a polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
D)has a very reactive primary structure.
E)is an isotope.

Question 60

Hydrophobic molecules ar__________ water.

A)attracted by
B)absorbed by
C)repelled by
D)mixed with
E)polarized by

Question 61

Sucrosis composeof

A)two molecules of fructose.
B)two molecules of glucose.
C)a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.
D)a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose.
E)two molecules of galactose.

Question 62

Oils are

A)liquid at room temperature.
B)unsaturated fats.
C)found only in animals.
D)complex carbohydrates.
E)both liquid at room temperature and unsaturated fats.

Question 63

Ththremost common atoms in your body are

A)hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
B)carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
C)carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
D)nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.
E)carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.

Question 64

Which substancis thmost common in cells?

A)carbohydrates
B)salts and minerals
C)proteins
D)nucleic acids
E)lipids

Question 65

Glucosanfructosare

A)ring forms.
B)structurally different.
C)monosaccharides.
D)simple sugars.
E)all of these.

Question 66

Which of thfollowing coulbuseto describa monomer of carbohydrates?

A)glycogen
B)starch
C)nucleotide
D)amino acid
E)monosaccharide

Question 67

Which of thfollowing molecules is NOT a sterol?

A)testosterone
B)estrogen
C)adrenaline
D)cholesterol
E)phytosterol

Question 68

Glycogen is a polysaccharidusefor energy storagby

A)plants.
B)animals.
C)protists.
D)bacteria.
E)mushrooms.

Question 69

Which of thfollowing arlipids?

A)sterols
B)triglycerides
C)oils
D)waxes
E)all of these.

Question 70

Condensation anhydrolysis araccomplishein cells by

A)bonding attraction.
B)functional group interactions.
C)spontaneous action.
D)the action of enzymes.
E)all of these.

Question 71

Which is NOT a monosaccharide?

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)deoxyribose
D)starch
E)ribose

Question 72

Molecules of lifaralso calleorganic molecules because

A)they are mainly constituted of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
B)they are mainly constituted of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
C)they are building blocks of our organs.
D)they are exclusively found in living organisms.
E)they are mainly constituted of oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Question 73

ThpH of banana juicis likely to be

A)below 3.
B)between 3 and 5.
C)between 5 and 6.5.
D)7.
E)above 7.

Question 74

Cellulosis

A)the most complex of the organic compounds.
B)a polymer of glucose and fructose.
C)a polymer of glucose and galactose.
D)a component of plasma membranes.
E)a material found in cell walls.

Question 75

Which of thfollowing suggestions is NOT completely true?

A)Carbon backbones may form rings.
B)Carbon backbones may be arranged in triangle.
C)Carbon backbones may vary in length.
D)Carbon backbones may be linear or branched.
E)Carbon backbones may contain double bonds.

Question 76

A larger biological moleculis composeof smaller units called

A)polymers.
B)isomers.
C)monomers.
D)tetramers.
E)dimers.

Question 77

Which of thfollowing CANNOT buseto describsomaspects of polysaccharides?

A)energy storage
B)glucose subunits
C)straight or branched chain
D)insoluble in water
E)complex

Question 78

Plants stortheir excess carbohydrates in thforof

A)cellulose.
B)starch.
C)glycogen.
D)sucrose.
E)galactose.

Question 79

Which of thfollowing is composeof a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, anoxygen?

A)protein
B)carbohydrate
C)lipid
D)nucleic acid
E)steroid

Question 80

Which of thfollowing carbohydrates is thmost abundant on earth?

A)cellulose
B)starch
C)glycogen
D)sucrose
E)galactose