Deck 20: Gene Expression: Translation

Question 1

Two individuals can be phenotypically identical yet have different genotypes for a given trait.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the F2 generation, how many genotypic classes are possible from a trihybrid cross of two heterozygotes in which the genes involved show complete dominance?

A) 2
B) 8
C) 16
D) 27
E) 61

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In humans, brown eye color (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). A brown-eyed man marries a woman with brown eyes and they have three blue-eyed daughters. What are the genotypes of the man and the woman?

A) BB and BB
B) Bb and Bb
C) BB and Bb
D) bb and bb
E) Bb and bb

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A P value in statistics is

A) the probability of getting the observed data distribution by chance.
B) a measure of the accuracy of a statistical test.
C) arbitrarily set depending on statistical test.
D) a measure of the accuracy of a data set.
E) none of the above.

Question 5

In lilies, white flowers (W) are dominant to purple flowers (w). If two plants that are heterozygous for flower color are mated, the offspring might have which genotype?

A) Ww
B) ww
C) WW
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 6

In his monohybrid crosses for seed color in peas, Mendel reported 6,022 yellow seeds and 2,001 green seeds. How many of each color class were expected?

A) All should be yellow
B) 2,006 yellow and 6,017 green
C) All should be green
D) 4,011 green and 4,011 yellow
E) 6,017 yellow and 2,006 green

Question 7

A couple with three girls is expecting a fourth child. The probability that this child is also a girl is

A) 1/4
B) 1/8
C) 1/16
D) 1/2
E) 1/32

Question 8

Which of the following is a useful characteristic for a candidate for Mendelian studies?

A) Slow growing, late to reproduce, and producing many offspring
B) Fast growing, late to reproduce, and producing few offspring
C) Slow growing, early to reproduce, and producing few offspring.
D) Fast growing, early to reproduce, and producing many offspring
E) Fast growing and nonreproductive

Question 9

A man whose father expresses a recessive trait marries a woman with a brother expressing the same recessive trait. What is the likelihood that the newlyweds could have a child expressing the trait?

A) 1/5
B) 1/2
C) 1/6
D) 1/3
E) 1/4

Question 10

The chi-squared statistic can best be described as

A) a statistical test that compares observed and expected population means.
B) a statistically significant test.
C) the standardized deviation of observed data from expected data.
D) a statistical test used in genetics.
E) none of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning the inheritance of a dominant trait?

A) The trait is observed in every generation.
B) Every affected person must have at least one affected parent.
C) An affected heterozygote will transmit the allele to half of his or her offspring on average.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 12

In a test cross between an individual with an unknown genotype that exhibits the dominant phenotype and a known homozygous recessive individual, the progeny showed a 1:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes. The individual of unknown genotype is therefore ________ for that gene.

A) unizygous
B) homogeneous
C) heterozygous
D) hemizygous
E) homozygous

Question 13

In the F2 generation, how many genotypic classes are possible from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygotes in which the genes involved show complete dominance?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 8
D) 9
E) 12

Question 14

Net or overall probabilities are obtained by multiplying separate independent probabilities. This is formally known as

A) the probability rule.
B) the product rule.
C) the chi-square test.
D) the sign test.
E) the sum rule.

Question 15

In his experiments, Mendel noted that when two traits are involved in a genetic cross, they are inherited independently of each other. The reason for this is that

A) genes on different chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes.
B) genes on the same chromosome separate during the formation of gametes.
C) alleles on the same chromosome separate during the formation of gametes.
D) chromosomes often recombine.
E) alleles on the same gene separate during the formation of gametes.

Question 16

In a pea plant that is heterozygous for seed color, what proportion of gametes will carry the recessive allele?

A) 1/4
B) 3/4
C) 1/2
D) All of the gametes
E) None of the gametes

Question 17

A test cross with a heterozygous dominant individual will yield only heterozygous dominant offspring.

Question 18

The genotypic F2 ratio expected in a dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1.

Question 19

If the results of a chi-square test of a given set of data show a P value greater than 0.05, then the null hypothesis

A) must be rejected.
B) cannot be accepted.
C) cannot be rejected.
D) must be accepted.
E) must be rephrased.

Question 20

The probability that two parents with a family of four will have one girl and three boys is

A) 1/2
B) 1/32
C) 1/8
D) 1/16
E) 1/4

Question 21

Explain why heterozygotes are expected to be produced twice as frequently as either homozygote in a monohybrid F1 cross.

Question 22

You observe an individual of your favorite study organism expressing the dominant phenotype for a certain trait. How would you go about determining if the individual was homozygous dominant or heterozygous for that trait?

Question 23

Mendel selected seven traits to analyze in his famous pea plant crosses, and all of these traits yielded expected 3:1 phenotypic F2 ratios in monohybrid crosses. He was fortunate in his selection of these traits. How so? What problem might he have encountered that may have yielded confusing ratios?

Question 24

Speculate on the molecular basis for dominance and recessiveness, using flower color as an example, where red is dominant over white.

Question 25

What are the steps involved in setting up a dihybrid F3 cross?

Question 26

A monohybrid (1-gene) cross yields 4 genotypic classes, and a dihybrid (2-gene) cross yields 16. How many classes are expected from a tetrahybrid (4-gene) cross?

Question 27

True-breeding individuals are produced by repeated backcrossing.

Question 28

Mendel was the first to describe dominant, recessive, and codominant traits.

Question 29

Mendel was the first scientist to deduce the idea of diploidy-that is, that organisms like pea plants and humans possess two complete sets of genetic material. Summarize Mendel's observations and reasoning that led him to this conclusion.

Question 30

A monohybrid cross is made for flower color, where purple is dominant to white. Fifteen hundred F2 offspring are analyzed. How many white flowers are expected?

Question 31

A dihybrid cross yields 200 F2 offspring. How many are expected to resemble the homozygous recessive parental?

Question 32

The phenotype determines the genotype.

Question 33

Mendel's insights started with his approach of analyzing discrete traits, leading to the idea of "particulate" rather than "blending" inheritance. Yet this was an uncommon way to view the inheritance of traits, as many found it counterintuitive or contrary to experience. How so?