Deck 10: Sexuality

Question 1

Kinsey's questioning technique

A) was explicit and embarrassing, even to him.
B) required people to admit to their deviant sexual behavior.
C) required people to deny the sexual behaviors they had not performed.
D) both b and c

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The "war" over sexuality education is an issue in the United States because

A) abstinence-only sexuality education has been the only successful approach, which means it needs more funding.
B) the United States has a higher teen pregnancy rate than any industrialized country in the world.
C) the United States has implemented the most successful teen pregnancy prevention programs in the industrialized world.
D) sexuality education experts tend to advocate astinence-only programs, whereas parents want more comprehensive programs.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Sex researchers of the 1800s found that

A) the sexual repression of social norms was not reflected in people's behavior.
B) women conformed to the social norms by avoiding sexual activity.
C) men repressed their sexuality more than women.
D) stringent social norms led to fewer sexual problems.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Self-selection of participants

A) occurs in most experimental studies, not only on sex but on other topics as well.
B) is not a problem for survey research but affects experiments.
C) occurs when participants rather than researchers decide who will participate in a study.
D) can be an advantage in some studies.

Question 5

The participants in Kinsey's surveys reported that masturbation

A) was an unacceptable form of sexuality to most of them.
B) had been common during their adolescence but became uncommon after their marriages.
C) had been common during adolescence and remained common after their marriages.
D) was common for men but unusual for women of all ages.

Question 6

The National Health and Social Life Survey showed that

A) sexual attitudes and behavior have become more conservative than in Hunt's Playboy survey.
B) sexual attitudes and behavior have become more liberal since the Kinsey and Hunt surveys.
C) sexual attitudes have become more conservative but sexual behavior has become more liberal since the 1970s.
D) men's sexual behavior has become more liberal over the past 50 years, but women's attitudes and behaviors remain much as they were 50 years ago.

Question 7

Alfred Kinsey chose to study sexuality by

A) conducting a cross-cultural study of sexual attitudes.
B) conducting extensive interviews about sexual behavior.
C) observing the mating behaviors of nonhuman animals.
D) observing sexual activity in humans.

Question 8

Hunt's Playboy Foundation Survey indicated that the number of women and men having premarital intercourse

A) had increased since the time of the Kinsey surveys.
B) had increased for the women and decreased for the men since the time of the Kinsey surveys.
C) had increased for the men and decreased for the women since the time of the Kinsey surveys.
D) had remained much the same as the figures from the Kinsey surveys.

Question 9

Morton Hunt's Playboy Foundation Survey

A) attempted to update the Kinsey surveys.
B) included a less representative sample than Kinsey's research.
C) based the survey on responses given by readers of Playboy magazine.
D) included no women in the survey.
E) both c and d

Question 10

Kinsey found that the most common type of childhood sexuality was

A) masturbation.
B) genital exploration with siblings.
C) molestation by adults.
D) molestation by older children.

Question 11

The sex survey conducted by Samuel and Cynthia Janus

A) replicated but did not add information to that from earlier surveys.
B) was conducted through sampling the readership of women's magazines.
C) obtained a more representative sample than earlier surveys.
D) concentrated on extensive interviews with college students and personnel.

Question 12

Kinsey's results concerning same-gender sexual activity showed that

A) such activity was more common that previously estimated.
B) such activity was equally common in men and women.
C) such activity was the most common type of preadolescent sexual experience.
D) such activity occurred in less than 4% of the population.

Question 13

The double standard for sexual behavior

A) urges women but not men to engage in premarital and extramarital sexual activity.
B) holds women and men to different standards for sexual behavior.
C) allows same-gender sexual activity for women but not for men.
D) results in more sexual activity than it suppresses.

Question 14

In the National Health and Social Life Survey, what percentage of people expressed the traditional belief that marriage is the only acceptable setting for and procreation the only acceptable reason for sex?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 60%
D) 85%

Question 15

Those who advocate a full range of sexuality education for children and young adolescents

A) believe that sexual relationships are acceptable and healthy for young adolescents.
B) promote homosexuality as a choice for young people.
C) believe that the abstinence-only approach leaves children vulnerable to the dangers of sex.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

Kinsey found that childhood sexuality

A) did not exist in the memory of the adults to whom he spoke.
B) included sexual exploration with other children.
C) included masturbation.
D) included abuse by adults.
E) b, c, and d

Question 17

Hunt's estimation of the percentage of men and women who engage in same-gender sexual activity

A) was similar to Kinsey's estimates, but Hunt's estimation of lesbian sexuality was higher.
B) was lower than Kinsey's estimates, and Hunt suggested that same-gender sexual activity was mostly adolescent experimentation.
C) was higher than Kinsey's estimates, and this increase was due to the increased acceptance of gay and lesbian sexuality that had occurred between the two surveys.
D) was much higher than Kinsey's estimates, due to the survey technique of questioning Playboy readers.

Question 18

Oral sex

A) is an uncommon form of sexual expression except among gays and lesbians.
B) became more common after the Kinsey surveys.
C) is a form of sexual experimentation that is more common among adolescents than adults.
D) has replaced intercourse as the more common form of sexual expression in married couples.

Question 19

Kinsey's sample of participants

A) reflected the social, economic, religious, and ethnic characteristics of the U.S. population.
B) reflected the social and economic but not ethnic characteristics of the population.
C) was representative of the U.S. population.
D) was not representative of the U.S population.

Question 20

Researchers who choose to survey people concerning their sexual attitudes and behavior

A) avoid controversy and the ethical problems associated with other methods of investigating sexual behavior.
B) have potential problems posed by people's unwillingness to tell the truth.
C) have usually succeeded in obtaining a representative sample for their surveys.
D) have usually succeeded in obtaining a random sample for their surveys.
E) both c and d

Question 21

The meta-analysis of studies on sexual attitudes and sexual behavior showed that gender-related differences

A) have become smaller over time.
B) have become larger over time.
C) have remained relatively stable for the past 30 years.
D) have remained stable concerning heterosexual sexuality but have polarized concerning same-gender sexuality, with women becoming more and women becoming less acceptant.

Question 22

Sexual response can be seen at the earliest

A) between ages 5 and 6 years, when children begin to masturbate.
B) around age 12 months, when boys begin to have erections.
C) shortly before puberty, when boys begin to have erections and girls show vaginal lubrication.
D) during infancy, when boys experience erections and girls experience clitoral erections.

Question 23

Parents who withhold details about sexuality and reproduction from their children

A) are successful in sheltering their children from disturbing elements of sexuality.
B) have children who have intercourse at older ages than parents who provide more information about sex.
C) have children who engage in less genital exploration than other parents.
D) will not prevent their children from acquiring some sexual knowledge.

Question 24

When asked to recall their sexual experiences during childhood, about _____ of adults recall an event with another child about the same age.

A) 25%
B) half
C) 80%
D) 99%

Question 25

Sexual activity between siblings

A) is a major cause of adult psychopathology.
B) is more likely to produce long-lasting problems when the age difference in siblings is large.
C) is more common in same-gender than cross-gender siblings.
D) occurs in 20% of father-absent homes but less than 1% of two-parent families.

Question 26

Gender differences in explicit attitudes toward sexuality indicate that women express ___________ than men; research on implicit attitudes toward sexuality suggests that women hold __________ than men.

A) more positive attitudes . . . . more positive attitudes
B) more positive attitudes . . . . more negative attitudes
C) more negative attitudes . . . . more positive attitudes
D) more negative attitudes . . . . more negative attitudes

Question 27

The phases of sexual response named by Masters and Johnson include

A) excitement, presentation, reformulation, and resolution.
B) attraction, presentation, excitement, and orgasm.
C) excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
D) attraction, excitement, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 28

When participants answering questions about their sexual behavior believe that their responses are monitored by a polygraph,

A) their responses are contaminated by their nervousness.
B) the differences in reported sexual behavior between men and women become larger than in other self-report situations.
C) the differences in reported sexual behavior between men and women disappear.
D) they are no more likely to tell the truth than during a survey of sexual behavior.

Question 29

Women who experience orgasm during intercourse

A) experience clitoral orgasms.
B) experience a set of physiologically different reaction than from orgasms during masturbation.
C) often have trouble experiencing orgasm during masturbation.
D) experience two different types of orgasm.

Question 30

Masters and Johnson contended that the sequence and phases of sexual response they described

A) applied to men but not to all women.
B) applied to women but not men.
C) applied to heterosexuals but not to gays and lesbians.
D) applied to men and women.

Question 31

The phases of sexual response

A) affect only the external genitals.
B) affect both the internal and external genitals but no other organs.
C) affect muscles and organs throughout the body.
D) affect men more strongly than women.

Question 32

Parents who explain pregnancy and childbirth using analogies, such as "Daddy plants a seed inside Mommy,"

A) use a strategy that allows their children to understand reproduction in terms that they can understand.
B) avoid embarrassment to them and their children.
C) may confuse rather than teach their children.
D) both a and b

Question 33

Masters and Johnson's studies of sexuality differed from previous studies:

A) They succeeded in obtaining a representative sample.
B) They used an extensive questionnaire that covered many aspects of sexual behavior as well as sexual attitudes.
C) They emphasized normal as well as deviant forms of sexuality.
D) They measured the physiology of sexual response.

Question 34

According to the National Health and Social Life Survey, media portrayals of a wide variety of sexual activities with many partners

A) is accurate for single persons but not for married ones.
B) is accurate for married persons but not for single ones.
C) is accurate for both married and single people.
D) is not accurate for most adults in the U.S.

Question 35

What problems affect Masters and Johnson's research?

A) using only men as participants
B) using only women who experienced orgasm regularly
C) failing to take individual differences into account
D) both b and c
E) all of the above

Question 36

Researchers using the "bogus pipeline"

A) found few differences in sexual behavior between women and men.
B) found that women reported more sexual partners than men.
C) found that sexuality education was more effective for girls than for boys.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

Masters and Johnson's research on the sexual response

A) confirmed the differences in orgasm between men and women.
B) failed to confirm Freud's contention that a difference exists between vaginal and clitoral orgasm.
C) confirmed Freud's contention that women have two different types of orgasm.
D) extended the knowledge of age-related differences in the experience orgasm.

Question 38

Children begin to masturbate

A) during the preschool years.
B) during the elementary school years.
C) during preadolescence.
D) during adolescence.

Question 39

Exploring the genitals of children of the other gender

A) is common among 5- and 6-year-olds.
B) is a sign of same-gender sexual attraction when the exploration occurs between children of the same gender.
C) is a sign of abnormally high sexual drive.
D) is unusual until early adolescence.

Question 40

A meta-analysis of gender-related differences in sexual attitudes and behavior showed that the largest differences were in

A) frequency of masturbation and acceptance of casual sex.
B) acceptance of same-gender sexuality and age of first intercourse.
C) acceptance of masturbation and acceptance of oral sex.
D) sexual satisfaction and sexual guilt.

Question 41

Research on the ethnic background of child abusers has shown that

A) child abuse is disproportionately committed by African Americans.
B) Hispanic Americans are the most common perpetrators and victims.
C) European American children are the targets of abuse from all ethnic groups.
D) European Americans are more likely to be imprisoned for this offense than members of other ethnic groups.

Question 42

What attitudes are related to forced sex?

A) It is acceptable for a woman to ask a man on a date.
B) A woman who flirts wants to have sex.
C) When most women refuse to have sex, they are sincere.
D) Men are more capable than women of controlling their sexual behavior.

Question 43

Sexual abuse of children

A) has serious short-term effects but few serious long-term consequences.
B) has few short-term effects but many serious long-term consequences.
C) has both short-term and long-term effects that may be serious.
D) has neither short-term nor long-term effects-the problem has been overemphasized.

Question 44

The "dilemma of desire" that adolescent girls experience

A) involves whether to be heterosexual or homosexual.
B) places sexual desire as the dominant motivation in their lives.
C) involves reconciling their sexual desires with message to avoid sex.
D) is not as severe as the dilemma of desire that adolescent boys experience.

Question 45

Female sexual abusers

A) are about as common as male sexual abusers.
B) are less likely to be reported than male abusers.
C) tend to be older than male abusers.
D) all of the above

Question 46

Research on sexual abuse of children has shown that

A) gender differences exist in sexual abuse, and girls are the more frequent targets.
B) gender differences exist in sexual abuse, and boys are the more frequent targets.
C) gender differences do not exist in the targets of sexual abuse, but gay men are the most frequent perpetrators.
D) over 60% of children have some abusive experience during childhood.

Question 47

Research on adolescents who have had intercourse indicates that

A) the double standard for sexual behavior has disappeared for these young people.
B) most boys report the experience as positive, but about half of girls do not.
C) most report that the experience made them closer to their partners.
D) about two thirds report that they wish they had waited longer to have intercourse.

Question 48

The percentage of people who have intercourse as teenagers

A) has remained stable at around 50% for the past 40 years.
B) once showed large gender differences but now show gender similarities.
C) continues to show large gender differences, with teenage boys three times more likely to have intercourse than teenage girls.
D) is now over 97%.

Question 49

Which statement describes gender-related differences in sexual motivation during adolescence?

A) Girls have sex to establish intimacy, and boys have sex to establish power.
B) Boys feel sexual desire, but girls do not.
C) Boys need to have sex to prove a point, and girls may need to refuse sex to prove a point.
D) Girls are motivated to have a greater number of sexual partners than boys.

Question 50

Children who are sexually abused are usually _________, and the abusers are usually ________.

A) under age 5 years old . . . . over age 40 years old
B) male . . . . male
C) female . . . . male
D) female . . . . female

Question 51

Sexuality education

A) emphasizes emotionality rather than reproductive information.
B) emphasizes pleasure more than danger or risk.
C) emphasizes danger and risk more than pleasure.
D) is oriented around decreasing the double standard.

Question 52

Compared to young men, young women report learning

A) that sex can be a satisfying experience but only if they maintain control of the situation.
B) that losing control is part of sexual pleasure.
C) that sex is a male domain.
D) a sense of vulnerability and prohibition related to sex.

Question 53

Among college students who are celibate,

A) about 65% expected to remain so until marriage.
B) about 30% are not really celibate-they are having oral sex but not intercourse.
C) religion was the reason for this choice, and both men and women cited religious objections to premarital sex as their reason for celibacy.
D) both a and c

Question 54

Father-daughter incest

A) occurs among 15-20% of biological fathers and their daughters.
B) is more common for stepfathers than for biological fathers.
C) occurs in less than 5% of both biological and stepfathers.
D) both a and b

Question 55

Identification of sexual orientation

A) can be accomplished through DNA testing.
B) can be determined shortly after birth.
C) becomes clear in early childhood through the adoption of gender-related behaviors.
D) is often not clear during childhood.

Question 56

The widespread publicity about the frequency of child abuse

A) suggests that child sexual abuse is increasing when some research indicates that it is declining.
B) makes this behavior seem more attractive and less harmful than it is.
C) makes successful prosecution less likely.
D) suggests that girls are the more frequent targets of sexual abuse when boys are more likely to be abused.

Question 57

According to a many people in many cultures, the ideal style of sexuality is

A) celibacy.
B) monogamy.
C) experimentation.
D) promiscuity.

Question 58

Although people hold _________ as an ideal style of sexuality, they often practice _________.

A) sexual experimentation . . . casual sex
B) monogamy . . . promiscuity
C) monogamy. . . serial monogamy
D) celibacy . . . sexual experimentation

Question 59

Acquaintance rape

A) is more common than stranger rape.
B) happens when women begin to ask men on dates.
C) rarely happens between people who are well-acquainted.
D) happens to less than 5% of women.

Question 60

Most adults who sexually abuse children

A) have other serious psychopathology.
B) behave in ways similar to serial killers, stalking their victims and planning meetings.
C) are relatives or acquaintances of the children whom they abuse.
D) exhibit such behavior as isolated cases rather than in any pattern.

Question 61

Daryl Bem's theory of the exotic-becomes-erotic

A) explains heterosexuality but not homosexuality.
B) explains homosexual sexual orientation in terms of early experiences.
C) excludes the possibility of biological factors contributing to sexual orientation.
D) has more research support than other theories of sexual orientation.

Question 62

Kinsey's results concerning same-gender sexual activity showed that

A) such activity was more common than previously estimated.
B) such activity was equally common in men and women.
C) such activity was the most common type of preadolescent sexual experience.
D) such activity occurred in less than 4% of the population.

Question 63

Psychology's failure to distinguish between sexual orientation and gender role led to

A) a unipolar conception of gender roles such that masculinity and femininity lay at opposite ends of the same continuum.
B) the confusion of interests and behaviors appropriate for each gender.
C) the assumption that people with sexual interest in members of their own gender would adopt the gender role of the other gender.
D) the construction of the concept of androgyny, with a blurring of the lines between masculinity and femininity.

Question 64

Most people who have some sexual experience with members of their own gender

A) are molested as children and do not choose such experiences when they have a choice.
B) do not choose such relationships as their primary sexuality.
C) are initiated into the gay lifestyle by these experiences.
D) remain attracted to members of their own gender, regardless of their subsequent sexual behavior.

Question 65

Janet Hyde contended that small gender differences in sexuality

A) are disappearing, and women and men will be alike within 20 years.
B) are increasing, and women and men will experience greater problems in relationships as a result.
C) can create larger problems in relationships.
D) have little impact on behavior.

Question 66

Gay and lesbian adolescents

A) usually find acceptance in their own families but not in their schools.
B) often form sexual relationships with older adolescents and young adults, and these relationships help them make the transition to gay life.
C) have the same problems with their sexuality that heterosexual adolescents experience.
D) may have problems accepting their own sexual orientation.

Question 67

Questions over whether women or men are more sexual

A) have been answered by research but ignored by the media.
B) have revealed that men are more sexually motivated than women.
C) have revealed that men are more sexually motivated but no more sexually active than women.
D) are not productive questions.

Question 68

According to Daryl Bem's theory of the exotic-becomes-erotic, what circumstances increase the probability that a boy will become a gay man?

A) Boys who associate with boys more than with girls during childhood are more likely to be gay.
B) Boys who associate with girls more than with boys during childhood are more likely to be gay.
C) Parents reward masculine behaviors and severely punish feminine behaviors.
D) The developing male fetus is exposed to prenatal estrogens.

Question 69

Examining female sexuality by observing female primates has shown that

A) females of some primate species are eager to engage in sex but others are quite selective.
B) females of most primate species are more reluctant to have sex than the males of those species.
C) female sex drive is higher than male sex drive in nonhuman primates.
D) females and males of nonhuman primate species are well-matched in sexual drive.

Question 70

The effects of exposure to prenatal androgens may include

A) an increased likelihood of being left handed.
B) delayed differentiation of the internal reproductive organs.
C) feminizing of the external genitalia.
D) differences in the ratio of the length of second to the fourth fingers.
E) both a and d

Question 71

The concept of sexual orientation refers to __________, and the concept of gender role refers to __________.

A) masculinity and femininity . . . . socially determined sexual behaviors
B) erotic attraction to one gender or the other . . . . behaviors associated with one gender or the other
C) sexual behavior in a social context . . . . attraction to members of one's own gender
D) erotic attraction to members of the other gender . . . . a pattern of interests typical of one's own gender

Question 72

What demographic group of adults is most likely to be celibate?

A) college men
B) college women
C) elderly men
D) elderly women

Question 73

Casual sex in the form of "hook-ups" has become more common among adolescents and young adults. This type of sexual relationship

A) is not common among college students; only about 2% have such relationships.
B) may seem casual, but one or the other partner often hopes for a romantic relationship to develop.
C) is more common among high school students than among college students.
D) all of the above

Question 74

Which of the following men is most likely to be gay?

A) A young man who was sexually abused as a child by a gay man.
B) The youngest brother of brothers.
C) The youngest brother of sisters.
D) A man who grew up in a family with sisters and a mother but no father.

Question 75

Accepting casual sex and masturbating frequently

A) are typical of college students versus high school drop outs.
B) are typical of men versus women.
C) are rejected by a majority of adult but not adolescent males.
D) are seen as deviant by a majority of the U.S. population.

Question 76

The trajectory of accepting a gay or lesbian sexual identity

A) shows some differences for women and men.
B) begins before puberty for girls but not until middle adolescence for boys.
C) shows less variability than developing a heterosexual sexual orientation.
D) shows too much individual variation to see any pattern among individuals or any gender differences.

Question 77

Research that attempted to establish a relationship between hormonal levels and sexual orientation

A) has determined that the hormonal surge during puberty is of critical importance in establishing heterosexuality.
B) has found that men with lower levels of testosterone are more likely to be gay than men with higher testosterone levels.
C) has found a relationship for men but not for women.
D) has failed to find any simple, straightforward relationship.

Question 78

The notion that women are more upset by emotional infidelities and men are more upset by sexual infidelities

A) has been confirmed in a meta-analysis.
B) has not been confirmed by research; both are upset by sexual infidelities.
C) has not been confirmed by research; men are more upset by emotional infidelities than women are.
D) has been confirmed for men and women in the United States but not in Europe.

Question 79

The double standard for sexual behavior

A) has remained the same over the past 50 years in the U.S. but has declined in other countries.
B) has become even more strict over the past 50 years in the U.S. and other countries in North America.
C) still exists but is weaker than 50 years ago.
D) has disappeared.

Question 80

According to studies on homosexual twins,

A) sexual orientation has a heritable component.
B) the heritability of sexual orientation is 80%.
C) if one male twin is homosexual, the other also is.
D) the sexual orientation of women is more heritable than men's sexual orientation.