Deck 6: Spatial Perspectives: Making Sense of Space

Question 1

The concentric zone hypothesis suggests that

A) cities grow outward in a series of concentric rings over time.
B) cities form a circle made of several pie-shaped sectors.
C) wealth decreases as one moves away from the city's center.
D) competition is denser in the central business district.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The invasion-succession movement refers to

A) the long history of wars of most cities.
B) the low level of education of recent immigrants.
C) the movement of social groups to different neighborhoods of the city.
D) the limited mobility for certain groups who wanted to move.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Geographic settings

A) are the most important determinant of city size.
B) matter mostly for industrial cities.
C) interact with social factors to shape the city.
D) are more important in San Francisco than in Los Angeles.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The importance of defense

A) is a crucial factor in the shape of North American cities today.
B) promoted the development of gridiron cities.
C) explains the radiocentric shape of many cities.
D) was limited in medieval times.

Question 5

Urban ecology

A) was generated by Max Weber.
B) studies the urban environment.
C) draws from plant and animal ecology.
D) is the focus of central place theory.

Question 6

The growth of the city of Houston in Texas

A) was promoted by its location on the Gulf of Mexico.
B) was caused by increased levels of tourism.
C) was based on the service industry rather than manufacturing.
D) was prompted by a lack of opportunity in other cities.

Question 7

Twenty-first-century Seattle, Washington, is described in the text as an) " " city.

A) exurban
B) suburban
C) environmental
D) break-of-bulk

Question 8

Gridiron cities

A) no longer exist.
B) represent exceptions in the United States.
C) were typically built after the Industrial Revolution.
D) are influenced by political rather than economic factors.

Question 9

The use of private automobiles in Los Angeles

A) removed the present shape of the city.
B) contributed to the smog problem.
C) restrained the city from expanding.
D) began a trend for city travel.

Question 10

The development of gridiron cities is due mostly to

A) religious factors.
B) military factors.
C) ethnic factors.
D) economic factors.

Question 11

For a setting to become a city, it must

A) have a minimally hospitable environment.
B) have a political structure.
C) be self-sufficient.
D) have local access to either gas or oil.

Question 12

What Burgess calls the zone in transition

A) is composed mostly of single-unit housing.
B) includes a large number of upscale districts.
C) consists primarily of light manufacturing factories and ethnic neighborhoods.
D) is located within a 30- to 60-minute ride of the central business district.

Question 13

The multiple nuclei theory

A) gives strong support to the Chicago School of Urban Ecology.
B) suggests that, with time, manufacturing industries tend to concentrate in a specific
Area.
C) argues that as cities grow, they diversify and develop distinct sectors of activities.
D) help to predict the specific land use pattern of cities.

Question 14

According to Park, the shape of a city is

A) determined by competition and the population movement.
B) determined only by competition for limited resources.
C) mostly a function of socioeconomic variables.
D) constant through time.

Question 15

The sector theory

A) focuses mostly on industrial land use.
B) states that cities contain pie-shaped districts rather than rings.
C) represents fashionable areas that tend to move inward toward the center of the city.
D) describes rich and poor areas that tend to blend with time.

Question 16

A look at the most populous North American metropolises suggests that

A) cities tend to locate themselves toward the center of each state.
B) the railroads determined their location.
C) the majority are located on waterways.
D) defense was a crucial factor in determining their location.

Question 17

The chief reason for the settlement, growth, and destruction of New Orleans has been

A) farming.
B) water.
C) industry.
D) technology.

Question 18

Along the New York State Thruway, spaced at least 75 miles apart, is Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica-Rome, and Albany-Schenectady-Troy. Smaller cities space themselves out so as to not cut into each other's markets. This is the result of

A) distance intervals.
B) space planning.
C) land development.
D) urban sectors.

Question 19

Criticism of the Chicago School of Urban Ecology includes all but which of the following?

A) It lacks a theoretical foundation.
B) It cannot be applied to every city.
C) It pays little attention to the role of individual choices.
D) The importance of the population movement varies in different places and by periods.

Question 20

One of the main attractions of the city center is that it provides opportunity for stable economic structures. This is best characterized by

A) central place theory.
B) building block theory.
C) radiocentric theory.
D) concentric theory.

Question 21

Which of the following responses about GIS Mapping is accurate?

A) GIS mapping is a computer-based research tool.
B) GIS mapping will not provide information about the earth.
C) GIS mapping needs to be user-preloaded with maps.
D) GIS mapping doesn't need satellite assistance.

Question 22

Edward W. Soja's postmodern perspective of Los Angeles includes all but the

A) Los Angeles as a decentralized metropolis
B) Los Angeles as a fragmented power structure
C) Los Angeles as a site of great conformity
D) Los Angeles as a fragmented mismatch of wedges and citadels

Question 23

A combination of geographic-climatic conditions and social-economic factors explains why cities are where they are.

Question 24

The Chicago school developed one of the first theories of urban ecology.

Question 25

Athens, London, and Quebec City all had a strategic military location historically.

Question 26

Washington, D.C., did not emerge as an economic center.

Question 27

Multiple nuclei theory challenges the idea that urban land use can be predicted.

Question 28

Social area analysis focuses on the of residents.

A) social ranking
B) family type
C) economic history
D) financial background

Question 29

Rayner Banham has provided a vivid depiction of the Los Angeles area, identifying four basic "ecologies" including autopia, surfurbia, and the plains of

A) Ego.
B) Id.
C) Super Ego.
D) Super Id.

Question 30

In creating cities, human beings simply respond to the natural environment.

Question 31

A "social area" is

A) inhabited by people who share a predictable combination of characteristics.
B) the city district in which restaurants and entertainment facilities can be found.
C) highly representative of the overall population and land use.
D) unable to predict where groups will settle, or explain why groups settled

Question 32

The sector theory ignores changes in city shapes over time.

Question 33

Miami's climate contributed to its development as an "amenity city."

Question 34

Cities must be located on waterways to develop.

Question 35

Gridiron cities are more common in North America.

Question 36

Houston is an example of a break-of-bulk city.

Question 37

Gridiron cities promote communal lifestyles.

Question 38

Salt Lake City was first established as a trade center.

Question 39

While gridiron cities are clearly organized, radiocentric cities were not designed with a specific purpose in mind.

Question 40

Cities obtain, produce, and distribute their goods and services more cheaply than smaller settlements can.

Question 41

Social area analysis compares more than 140 cities to identify the most important determinant of urban land use.

Question 42

Critics of the Los Angeles School contend that its proponents overemphasize the applicability of the model.

Question 43

Compare and contrast radiocentric and gridiron cities. How does their shape affect the lifestyle of their inhabitants politically, economically, socially, culturally, etc.)?

Question 44

Today, factorial ecology is often considered the "state of the art" approach to understanding the shape of cities. What are the advantages of this approach? What are

Question 45

A major issue with living away from the CBD is limited public transportation.

Question 46

Michael J. Dear asserts that Los Angeles's decentralized politics result in problems of political representation.

Question 47

Edward W. Soja argues that Los Angeles is a highly centralized metropolis that is becoming even more organized as time goes on.

Question 48

Identify the relationship between geographical factors and human responses in shaping familiar cities. Which factors are more important?

Question 49

Describe the different areas or districts in a city familiar to you. What explains these divisions? In which theoretical framework does the city's land use pattern fit best?