Deck 20: Nursing Care of Patients With HIV Disease and AIDS

Question 1

The family of a patient with AIDS has been instructed on patient manifestations to report to the health care provider (HCP).Which manifestation should be reported indicating that teaching has been effective?

A) Fever
B) Dry mouth
C) Night sweats
D) Constipation

Answer 1

Night sweats

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who has HIV.Which result would be strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of AIDS?

A) CD4+ = 180/µL
B) CD4+ percentage = 68%
C) CD8+ = 650/µL
D) CD4+/CD8+ ratio = 1.5

Answer 2

CD4+ = 180/µL

Question 3

A patient with HIV asks the nurse if thinking about dying frequently is common with HIV.What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

A) "HIV is a serious disease that results in death."
B) "Thinking about death will not change the prognosis."
C) "HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment."
D) "HIV has a very high mortality rate, so it is realistic to plan for death."

Answer 3

"HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment."

Question 4

The nurse is assisting in a teaching plan for the family of a patient with HIV.Which explanation about the transmission of HIV should the nurse include in this plan?

A) HIV is spread by casual contact with others.
B) HIV spreads by contact with infected blood.
C) HIV can be spread by sharing eating utensils.
D) HIV is commonly transmitted by tears or saliva.

Question 5

The nurse is reviewing the use of a condom to prevent the transmission of HIV with a young adult patient seeking testing for HIV.Which patient statement indicates an understanding of how to use a condom?

A) Use a non-latex condom.
B) Apply adequate oil-based lubricant.
C) Apply condom before penile erection occurs.
D) Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.

Question 6

The nurse provides teaching on nevirapine (Viramune)for a patient who is HIV positive.Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

A) Monitor for rash.
B) Observe urine color.
C) Report extremity pain.
D) Monitor for flulike symptoms.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV.For which common opportunistic infection should the nurse observe when caring for this patient?

A) Toxoplasmosis
B) Cryptococcosis
C) Candida albicans
D) Cryptosporidiosis

Question 8

A patient who has AIDS expresses concern about telling others about the illness.Which response would be appropriate by the nurse?

A) "It would be best to tell everyone you know."
B) "You should tell those who have a reason to know."
C) "Your diagnosis will be discovered anyway by those you know."
D) "Secrecy is a poor idea because it will erode your self-esteem."

Question 9

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan.What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?

A) Premarital serological screening
B) Prophylactic exposure treatment
C) HIV screening for pregnant women
D) Education about preventive behaviors

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS.Which outcome should receive priority?

A) Remain socially active.
B) Report high self-esteem.
C) Remain free of infection.
D) Maintain baseline weight.

Question 11

The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV.Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?

A) Western blot
B) Viral load testing
C) P24 antigen testing
D) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Question 12

The nurse contributed to a staff education program about transmission precautions to use when caring for a patient who has AIDS.Which statement by a staff member indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

A) "Wear a mask for any patient contact."
B) "Wear a waterproof gown at all times."
C) "Wear clean gloves for body fluid contact."
D) "Wear sterile gloves for any patient contact."

Question 13

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on transmission of HIV for a family of a patient diagnosed with HIV.Which explanation by the nurse would be correct?

A) "HIV can be spread by casual contact."
B) "HIV lives for long periods outside the body."
C) "HIV is most commonly transmitted via tears and saliva."
D) "HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes."

Question 14

The nurse is collecting data for a patient with suspected exposure to HIV.Which symptoms would be most concerning in this patient?

A) Tremors, edema, coughing
B) Fever, diarrhea, sore throat
C) Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus
D) Abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting

Question 15

The nurse is participating in the planning of care for a patient who has HIV.Which therapeutic action should the nurse recognize as the treatment goal for HIV?

A) Stimulating the immune system
B) Treating opportunistic infections
C) Killing the virus with medication
D) Keeping the virus from replicating

Question 16

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive.Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?

A) Put on gloves before touching body fluids.
B) Recap intramuscular needles after injection.
C) Wash own open skin lesion after providing care.
D) Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.

Question 17

The nurse is monitoring a patient with AIDS.Which manifestation should the nurse expect to observe in this patient?

A) Diarrhea
B) Chest pain
C) Hypertension
D) Pustular skin lesions

Question 18

A patient with AIDS-related wasting syndrome is very weak,lies listlessly in bed,has an intravenous (IV)drip,and receives antiretroviral medications via injection.What should be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?

A) Pain related to immobility
B) Ineffective Individual Coping due to terminal stage of HIV
C) Risk for Injury due to impaired mobility, weakness, and weight loss
D) Risk for Infection due to weak immune system and parenteral therapy

Question 19

A patient who has HIV asks the nurse why blood work has to be done so frequently.Which response should the nurse make to the patient?

A) "B-lymphocyte levels increase if you have an acute infection."
B) "Phagocytes are decreased when the disease is in an active phase."
C) "Neutrophil counts help the doctor titrate medication levels to keep you healthy."
D) "CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease."

Question 20

A patient asks,"What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?" Which response should the nurse make?

A) "They encapsulate the virus-infected cells."
B) "They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy."
C) "They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus."
D) "They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production."

Question 21

A health care worker is exposed to blood from a patient who has HIV.What action should the worker take after the exposure?

A) Apply alcohol to the site.
B) Cleanse the site with soap and water.
C) Flush the site with hot running water.
D) Apply a topical antibiotic to the site.

Question 22

While collecting admission data,the nurse suspects a patient with AIDS is experiencing an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.What observations did the nurse make to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

A) Audible bowel sounds
B) Inappropriate laughter
C) Inability to state home address
D) Knee buckling while walking
E) Asking if the bugs could be removed from the walls

Question 23

The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Cytomegalovirus retinitis
C) Mycobacterium avium complex
D) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 24

An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says,"I always get my pets from a known sanitary source." What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection?

A) "Keep cats outdoors most of the time."
B) "Obtain only cats that are less than 1 year old."
C) "Remove all pets from your home. Avoid all contact with cats."
D) "Be sure all the cats have up-to-date immunizations, and avoid their feces."

Question 25

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS.For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Candida albicans
D) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 26

The nurse has been discussing actions to prevent AIDS-related wasting syndrome with a patient being treated for AIDS.Which patient statements indicate an understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A) Eat a low-residue diet.
B) Drink liquids before meals.
C) Enjoy food odors to stimulate appetite.
D) Numb painful oral sores with ice or popsicles.
E) Eat three high-calorie, high-protein meals a day, plus snacks.
F) Increase consumption of caffeine-containing foods and fluids.

Question 27

The nurse is preparing to provide education related to HIV transmission at a local community health fair.Which statements should the nurse recommend for inclusion in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A) Use oil-based lubricants.
B) Use a new condom for each sex act.
C) Use condoms that are not made of latex.
D) Fit condom tightly over the tip of the penis.
E) Check condom package for expiration date.
F) Apply the condom before touching partner with the penis.

Question 28

A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico.What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)

A) Use beach towels.
B) Do not walk barefoot.
C) Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables.
D) Clean bathroom supplies with bleach.
E) Take an antimicrobial agent if diarrhea occurs.

Question 29

The nurse is preparing to read the Mantoux tuberculin skin test placed on the forearm of a patient with HIV.Which finding should the nurse report as a positive test for this patient?

A) 2 mm
B) 3 mm
C) 4 mm
D) 5 mm

Question 30

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the rising incidence of HIV in adults over the age of 50 with a group of senior community members.Which factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A) Older adults are less likely to use condoms than younger at-risk adults.
B) At-risk individuals over the age of 50 are less likely to be tested for HIV.
C) Society continues to age with larger numbers of people entering this age group.
D) A decline in the function of the immune system increases the risk of HIV infection.
E) Decreased vaginal dryness and friability of tissues increases the risk of HIV in older women.
F) Treatments for erectile dysfunction have increased the number of older individuals who are sexually active.

Question 31

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan.What information should the nurse include that identifies the methods in which HIV can be transmitted? (Select all that apply.)

A) Urine
B) Sweat
C) Saliva
D) Semen
E) Breast milk
F) Vaginal secretions

Question 32

The nurse is contributing to a nutrition and hydration teaching plan for a patient who has AIDS.What recommendations should the nurse include in this plan? (Select all that apply.)

A) Avoid soft cheeses.
B) Avoid Caesar salad.
C) Avoid public drinking fountains.
D) Avoid all beers and all soft drinks.
E) Avoid leftovers or heat until steaming.
F) Cook red meat until internal temperature is 165°F with no trace of pink.

Question 33

A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir).What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)

A) Report any onset of bleeding.
B) Report any yellowing of the skin.
C) Report any change in urine output.
D) Report any symptoms similar to having the flu.
E) Report any numbness or tingling of the hands or feet.

Question 34

The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive.What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant?

A) Bacitracin
B) Erythromycin
C) Protease inhibitor
D) Zidovudine (AZT)

Question 35

A patient who has AIDS has been instructed on foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection.Which foods should the patient select that indicates correct understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A) Rare meat
B) Raw seafood
C) Soft egg yolks
D) Pasteurized milk
E) Well-cooked meat