Deck 23: Drugs Used to Treat Bacterial Infections

Question 1

A 12-month-old child is being treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis media. His parents call the clinic and say he has developed diarrhea. The appropriate action would be to:

A)Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and recommend probiotics daily.
B)Change the antibiotic to one that is less of a gastrointestinal irritant.
C)Order stool cultures for suspected viral pathogens not treated by the amoxicillin.
D)Recommend increased fluids and fiber in his diet.

Answer 1

Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and recommend probiotics daily.

Question 2

A 25-year-old female is eight weeks pregnant and has a urinary tract infection. What would be the appropriate antibiotic to prescribe for her?

A)Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
B)Amoxicillin (Trimox)
C)Doxycycline
D)Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra)

Answer 2

Amoxicillin (Trimox)

Question 3

A16-year-old female who is taking minocycline for acne comes to the clinic complaining of a headache. What would be the appropriate care?

A)Advise acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed for headaches.
B)Prescribe sumatriptan (Imitrex) to be taken at the onset of headache.
C)Evaluate her for pseudotumor cerebri.
D)Assess her caffeine intake and sleep patterns.

Answer 3

Evaluate her for pseudotumor cerebri.

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones have a black box warning regarding ________ even months after treatment.

A)Renal dysfunction
B)Hepatic toxicity
C)Tendon rupture
D)Development of glaucoma

Question 5

A 13-year-old child comes to the clinic with a four-day history of cough, low-grade fever, and rhinorrhea. When she blows her nose or coughs the mucous is greenish-yellow. The appropriate treatment would be:

A)Amoxicillin
B)Amoxicillin/clavulanate
C)TMP/SMZ (Septra)
D)Symptomatic care

Question 6

Tetracyclines should not be prescribed to children younger than 8 years due to:

A)Risk of developing cartilage problems
B)Development of significant diarrhea
C)Risk of kernicterus
D)Adverse effects on bone growth

Question 7

To prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy in patients taking isoniazid for tuberculosis the patient is also prescribed:

A)Niacin (vitamin B₃)
B)Pyridoxine (vitamin B₆)
C)Riboflavin (vitamin B₂)
D)Thiamine (vitamin B₁)

Question 8

An adult female has been prescribed doxycycline for a chlamydia infection. She is healthy and her only medication is an oral combined contraceptive. Education would include:

A)Use a back-up method of birth control (condom) until her next menses.
B)Doxycycline may cause tendonitis and she should report any joint pain.
C)Her partner will need treatment if her infection doesn't clear with the doxycycline.
D)Doxycycline is used for one-dose treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs); take the whole prescription at once.

Question 9

A patient with chronic hepatitis that has led to mildly impaired liver function has an infection that would be best treated by a macrolide. Which would be the best choice for a patient with liver dysfunction?

A)Azithromycin (Zithromax)
B)Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
C)Erythromycin (E-mycin)
D)None of the above

Question 10

Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:

A)The other name for the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
B)An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics for certain infections
C)The reference also known as the Pink Book, published by the Centers for Disease Control
D)A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories

Question 11

To prevent further development of antibacterial resistance it is recommended that fluoroquinolones be reserved for treatment of:

A)Urinary tract infections in young women
B)Upper respiratory infections in adults
C)Skin and soft tissue infections in adults
D)Community-acquired pneumonia in patients with comorbidities

Question 12

Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections due to:

A)Developmental differences in pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in children
B)The fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare and exposed to pathogens from other children
C)Parents of young children insisting on preventive antibiotics so they don't miss work when their child is sick
D)Immunosuppression from the multiple vaccines they receive in the first two years of life

Question 13

If a patient is allergic to sulfonamide antibiotics, he or she will most likely have cross-sensitivity to:

A)Loop diuretics
B)Sulfonylureas
C)Thiazide diuretics
D)All of the above

Question 14

A patient had a small ventricle septal defect (VSD) repaired when they were three years old and has no residual cardiac problems. They are now 28 and are requesting prophylactic antibiotics for an upcoming dental visit. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe according to current American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines is:

A)None, no antibiotic is required for dental procedures
B)Amoxicillin 2 grams 1 hour before the procedure
C)Ampicillin 2 grams given intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) 30 minutes before the procedure
D)Azithromycin 1 gram 1 hour before the procedure

Question 15

Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism include:

A)Age over 50 years
B)School attendance
C)Travel within the United States
D)Inappropriate use of antimicrobials

Question 16

A child has been diagnosed with strep throat and needs a prescription for an antibiotic. The parent says the last time they had penicillin they developed a pink, blotchy rash five or six days after starting the antibiotic. An appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be:

A)Clindamycin
B)Amoxicillin
C)Cefadroxil (Duricef)
D)Azithromycin

Question 17

A patient who was recently treated with clindamycin for an infection calls the advice nurse because she is having frequent diarrhea that she thinks may have blood in it. What would be the appropriate care for her?

A)Encourage increased fluids and fiber.
B)Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
C)Advise her to eat yogurt daily to help restore her gut bacteria.
D)Start her on an antidiarrheal medication.

Question 18

A patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) requires an antibiotic. Which class of antibiotics should be avoided in this patient?

A)Penicillins
B)Macrolides
C)Cephalosporins
D)Sulfonamides

Question 19

Tetracyclines such as minocycline are safe to use in:

A)Pregnant women
B)Adolescents
C)Patients with renal dysfunction
D)Patients with hepatic dysfunction