Deck 38: Endocrine System Function and Assessment

Question 1

A patient is being treated for renal disease.When discussing the impact of this disorder on hormone balance,which hormone should the nurse explain increases calcium absorption by the kidneys?

A) Calcitonin
B) Aldosterone
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 1

Parathyroid hormone

Question 2

The nurse is preparing a patient for a thyroid scan.Which explanation by the nurse is appropriate?

A) "A thyroid scan is simply an x-ray of your thyroid gland."
B) "Sound waves will be used to create a picture of your thyroid gland."
C) "You will be given radioactive iodine, and a special camera will take pictures of your thyroid gland."
D) "You will be placed in a large instrument that uses magnetic energy to create an image of your thyroid gland."

Answer 2

"You will be given radioactive iodine, and a special camera will take pictures of your thyroid gland."

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.Which gland should the nurse suspect is malfunctioning in this patient?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Anterior pituitary gland
D) Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

The nurse has decided to avoid palpating a patient's thyroid gland.For which health problem has the nurse made this decision?

A) Goiter
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Hypoparathyroidism

Question 5

A physician is palpating a patient's thyroid gland.How can the nurse assist with this procedure?

A) Give the patient a sip of water.
B) Ask the patient to extend the neck.
C) Have the patient take a deep breath.
D) Assist the patient to a supine position.

Question 6

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who had an oral glucose tolerance test.Which value indicates to the nurse that the patient has diabetes mellius?

A) 145 mg/dL
B) 160 mg/dL
C) 185 mg/dL
D) 200 mg/dL

Question 7

The nurse is reviewing the regulation of blood glucose level for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Which two hormones should the nurse explain work in opposition to regulate the blood glucose level?

A) Insulin and glucagon
B) Cortisol and calcitonin
C) Thyroxine and aldosterone
D) Epinephrine and aldosterone

Question 8

The nurse is collecting data on a patient's endocrine system.Which endocrine gland should the nurse expect to palpate?

A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pituitary

Question 9

A patient is suspected as having an imbalance of hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.The nurse realizes that this gland functions in response to which structure?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Adrenal glands
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 10

The nurse is participating in the teaching of a patient with diabetes mellitus.During this teaching,which two hormones should the nurse explain causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose?

A) Insulin and cortisol
B) Thyroxine and insulin
C) Glucagon and epinephrine
D) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and oxytocin

Question 11

A 62-year-old patient is experiencing a reduction in energy.Which comment by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) "Mild diabetes often develops with age; I'll see if the doctor wants me to check your blood sugar."
B) "You're probably feeling tired because your body increases the release of growth hormone as you age."
C) "Aging causes the basal metabolic rate to change, and it's often normal to have less energy, but you should still mention it to the doctor."
D) "A decrease in parathyroid hormone secretion occurs with age, and that can make you feel tired. The doctor may want to check your calcium levels."

Question 12

A patient has an elevated calcitonin.What should the nurse realize that stimulates the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypercalcemia

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with a patient newly diagnosed with the disorder.Which hormone should the nurse explain lowers the blood glucose level by enabling cells to take in glucose?

A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Glucagon
D) Growth hormone

Question 14

The nurse is assessing a patient with a thyroid disorder.What question by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) "Has your weight changed?"
B) "Have you been very thirsty?"
C) "Have you been having muscle spasms?"
D) "Have you experienced numbness or tingling?"

Question 15

A patient has a calcium level of 11.7 mg/100 mL.Which hormone should the nurse expect to be elevated in this patient?

A) Calcitonin
B) Thyroxine (T4)
C) Triiodothyronine (T3)
D) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 16

The nurse must collect a 24-hour urine specimen for cortisol.The patient is incontinent.How can the nurse collect the specimen?

A) Keep the patient on a bedpan at all times during the test.
B) Obtain an order for an indwelling catheter for the duration of the test.
C) Place an incontinence brief on the patient, and record the weight of each brief.
D) Place an incontinence brief on the patient, and send all briefs to the laboratory.

Question 17

The nurse suspects that a patient is experiencing a negative feedback affect from a hormone.What statement should the nurse use to explain this process to the patient?

A) The effect of the hormone reverses the initial stimulus.
B) The effect of the hormone increases the initial stimulus.
C) The hormone stops a particular response by its target organ.
D) The hormone has negative or decreasing effects on its target organ.

Question 18

A patient is having a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)stimulation test.After injection of TRH,what response should the nurse expect in a patient with normal thyroid function?

A) Elevated calcitonin
B) Elevated T3 and T4
C) Decreased calcitonin
D) Decreased T3 and T4

Question 19

A patient has a disorder affecting the anterior pituitary gland.Which hormone should the nurse expect to be affected in this patient?

A) Thyroid hormone
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 20

A patient is experiencing a disorder that affects cell division.Which hormone should the nurse suspect is imbalanced in this patient?

A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroxine
D) Growth hormone

Question 21

A patient is prescribed a dose of epinephrine.What effects should the nurse expect the patient to demonstration after receiving this medication? (Select all that apply.)

A) Decreases peristalsis
B) Constricts bronchioles
C) Increases heart rate and force of contraction
D) Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
E) Stimulates vasoconstriction in skin and most viscera

Question 22

While collecting data the nurse suspects that a patient is experiencing Cushing's syndrome.What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

A) Bulging eyes
B) Mood swings
C) Buffalo hump
D) Water weight gain
E) Round "moon" face

Question 23

A patient is scheduled for surgery to remove the anterior pituitary gland.Which hormones will be affected by this surgery? (Select all that apply.)

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Calcitonin
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
E) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
F) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 24

The nurse notes that a patient has poor skin turgor.Which endocrine disorders should the nurse consider as occurring in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Addison's disease
E) Diabetes insipidus

Question 25

A patient is experiencing an increase level of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).What should the nurse consider is occurring with this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A) Body is stressed
B) Low blood volume
C) An injury is present
D) Low blood glucose level
E) Elevated blood glucose level

Question 26

A patient has a disorder affecting the adrenal cortex.Which hormones should the nurse expect to be affected in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A) ACTH
B) GHRH
C) Cortisol
D) Epinephrine
E) Aldosterone
F) Norepinephrine

Question 27

The nurse notes that a patient's potassium level is elevated.Which hormone should the nurse expect to be elevated in this patient?

A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Somatostatin
D) Norepinephrine