Deck 20: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

Question 1

If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist's critique?

A)The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities.
B)The model fails to take into account all the parks and playgrounds in the city.
C)The model does not show any careful city planning that usually takes place when a city is born.
D)The model fails to explore areas of overlap where a business might be located in a suburb or people might live above their businesses in the city.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis?

A)A metropolis only has domestic airports while a megalopolis has international airports.
B)A metropolis has less than 2 million people, while a megalopolis has more than 5 million people.
C)A metropolis is characterized by the presence of a subway, while a megalopolis is characterized by a public bus system.
D)A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21^st century?

A)E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one.This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.
B)E-waste is not easily recyclable because often in the same machine there is glass, plastic, and metal.Also e-waste tends to consist of big, heavy machinery that is difficult to dispose of properly.
C)E-waste is a sign of degrading cultural values.People no longer value creating lasting products or getting products fixed; they would much rather just buy a new one and discard the old one.
D)E-waste is a natural by-product of an industrialized nation and cannot be helped.People must resign themselves to its presence and find better ways of purifying water, soil, and air.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In 2013, the number of refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced people worldwide exceeded ______ people for the first time since the end of World War II.

A)45 million
B)50 million
C)90 million
D)100 million

Question 5

Paris has been studying the demography of the United Kingdom.The U.K.is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has relatively long life expectancy, and infant mortality is low.Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K.fall into?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 6

Bill wants to increase his herd of cattle on his farm.Right now, he his herd numbers around 100, and he has 100 acres of his farm set aside for their pasture.What would a sociologist suggest so that his farm, which feeds many in his town and county, can continue to function?

A)Bill should examine the carrying capacity of his lands and consider setting aside more land if he wants to increase his herd.
B)Bill should make sure that he has at least one bull so that he can keep breeding his cattle.
C)Bill should start training his son at age 5 to deal with cattle so he will be equipped for his inheritance.
D)Bill should sell his farm to the highest bidder and relax more often.

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the many concerns with the practice of fracking?

A)Fracking may cause volcanoes to erupt by undermining the seismic stability of an area.
B)Fracking requires a huge amount of water.
C)The chemicals used in a fracking mix create a potentially putrid odor.
D)Fracking includes drilling vertically into the rock to create new pathways for gas to travel.

Question 8

What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth's carrying capacity?

A)We spend money ejecting trash into outer space.
B)We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste.
C)We have created parks and protected forested areas, sometimes in vain.
D)We eat animals when we should really only eat plants which are much more renewable.

Question 9

Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention?

A)The NIMBY movement to prevent a giant chain from opening near a high rise apartment building.
B)The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking.
C)The number of nannies that can be found in Central Park on a given day.
D)The number of male nannies that take care of children in New York City.

Question 10

Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city.Which of the below options is NOT one of them?

A)Fresh water supply
B)Consistent Food Supply
C)Well constructed buildings
D)Social Stability

Question 11

Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain.She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries.In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to:

A)Demographic transition theory
B)Cornucopian theory
C)Zero population growth theory
D)Malthusian theory

Question 12

What have sociologists begun to realize about the nomadic lifestyle?

A)Nomads have a hard time bridging the gap between their traditional lifestyle and doing what is best for the land.
B)Nomads never tire the land they live on because they are constantly moving from place to place.
C)Nomads are better than stationary farmers at protecting the land and keeping the soil good for other people's use.
D)Nomads only raise sheep and goats, not cows or oxen, so the grass their herds consume is minimal at most.

Question 13

Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home.He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family.Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials.What might a sociologist call this phenomenon?

A)white flight
B)gentrification
C)environmental racism
D)urbanization

Question 14

Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue.What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions?

A)the Hong Kong Pact
B)the Beijing Pollution Reduction Agreement
C)the Kyoto Protocol
D)the Seoul Greener Earth Initiative

Question 15

Anil has noticed that infertility has been affecting many of his intergenerational friends and family.Based on this observation, Anil is writing his senior thesis on the effects that certain cities, water quality, and hormones might have on his friends.Anil will most likely approach his findings and paper using which theory?

A)Demographic transition theory
B)Cornucopian theory
C)Zero population growth theory
D)Malthusian theory

Question 16

What type of nations are the greatest sources of greenhouse gases?

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Postindustrial
D)Semi-peripheral

Question 17

Some people may think that once you've studied one city, you've studied them all.Which is an example of why these people may be misinformed?

A)London has a subway system and New York City does not.
B)Hong Kong does not have a McDonald's but Detroit does.
C)The banlieues, or suburbs, of Paris are the bad parts of town, almost inside-out compared to Baltimore.
D)The exurbs of Prague are actually in the middle of the city while the exurbs are on the outside of Los Angeles.

Question 18

Your best friend Sky is hoping to start a new city on an island in the Pacific.Which sociologist would you suggest she read first, before setting out?

A)Arlie Hochschild
B)Thomas Malthus
C)Gideon Sjoberg
D)Paul Ehrlich

Question 19

"Climate change" is a less politicized phrase that has replaced:

A)Recycling
B)Pollution
C)Weather Prediction
D)Global Warming

Question 20

A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries.This sociologist is most likely a:

A)Structural functionalist
B)Conflict theorist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Feminist