Deck 8: Water

Question 1

A nurse is teaching clients about insensible water losses in a diabetic nutrition class. The nurse knows that teaching was successful by which comment?
1)"An invisible amount of water is lost only through skin."
2)"A wet climate increases the amount of water loss."
3)"I think I perspired more when we hiked the mountains."
4)"Environmental conditions do not influence water loss."

Answer 1

3

Question 2

When speaking to a group of clients about water loss for a normal, healthy adult, what function eliminates 400 to 600 mL per day of liquid?
1)Obligatory excretion
2)Insensible water loss
3)Distillation
4)Metabolism

Answer 2

1

Question 3

A pediatric client is brought to the clinic. The mother of the child states that the child has "vomited twice and had diarrhea all morning". The child is 3 years old and weighs 35 lbs. The mother states that the child's weight was 37 lbs at the doctor's office last week. What actions does a nurse take next? Select all that apply.
1)The child has lost ~5% weight; give the child Pedialyte® and monitor.
2)The child has lost ~3% weight; call the health-care provider immediately.
3)The child has only vomited twice; give the child Pedialyte® and monitor.
4)The child has had diarrhea; give the child ginger ale to settle the stomach.
5)The child has had prolonged diarrhea; call the health-care provider now.

Answer 3

1, 5

Question 4

When discharging a client who had gastric-bypass surgery, a nurse makes sure to include information about the importance of water. Which information about the function of water does the nurse include? Select all that apply.
1)Water is a solvent for minerals.
2)Water maintains blood pressure.
3)Water regulates body temperature.
4)Water is a structural nutrient.
5)Water transports nutrients from cells.

Question 5

A nurse is reviewing recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about water consumption while caring for a client diagnosed with HIV. The CDC recommends this client consume which of the following? Select all that apply.
1)Water of reverse osmosis
2)Water that has been distilled
3)Water that has been filtered
4)Water that has been bottled
5)Water that comes from the tap

Question 6

A nurse is leading a seminar about healthy food choices. The nurse teaches that water is:
1)Found in cells only.
2)Not needed as much as food.
3)The largest constituent of the body.
4)Less than half of our body weight.

Question 7

A nurse knows that babies are born with about 78% water. Which of the following is true at 1 year of age?
1)Water percentage drops to 46%
2)Water percentage drops to 55%
3)Water percentage drops to 60%
4)Water percentage drops to 65%

Question 8

A nurse is discharging a client 7 days postoperatively for a CABG (coronary arterial bypass graft). During discharge teaching, which statements made by the client indicate that teaching was successful? Select all that apply.
1)"To maintain osmotic pressure and osmolality, I have to watch my salt intake."
2)"I have to maintain a stable potassium level or I risk another heart attack."
3)"To maintain sodium levels I have to keep my blood pressure stable."
4)"Magnesium is needed to regulate the nerve and muscle function of my heart."
5)"I have to maintain an adequate bicarbonate level in my cells for a healthy heart."

Question 9

Which methods are best when assessing water balance in the body? Select all that apply.
1)Examine the client over a period of several days.
2)Be specific when teaching clients how much to intake.
3)Ask the client about their intake for the day.
4)Document food consumed from pitcher or tray.
5)Record ice chips as one-half the volume of water given.

Question 10

A nurse is teaching a class on home remedies for maintaining acid-base balance. Which statements by the class indicate that further teaching is necessary? Select all that apply.
1)"I use baking soda to treat my GERD and I have not had any heartburn."
2)"I drink about 1/3 cup of lemon juice daily to help me lose weight."
3)"I have to watch my sodium intake to help maintain acid-base balance."
4)"Phosphates and proteins buffer 95% of the body's carbonic and other acids."
5)"Sodium and potassium from foods help maintain acid-base balance."

Question 11

A nurse received a report from the emergency department and is waiting to admit a client diagnosed with fluid retention. Which mechanism does the nurse suspect of causing the client's retention problems? Select all that apply.
1)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2)Aldosterone
3)Hypothalamus
4)Thirst mechanism
5)Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with anxiety. The client becomes upset and begins to hyperventilate. What is the most important action by the nurse at this time?
1)Ask the client to breathe through one nostril with mouth closed.
2)Have the client breathe into a paper bag closed tightly over mouth.
3)Have the client breathe inhale through nostrils and blow out through mouth.
4)Have the client pant and deep breathe three times then blow out through mouth.

Question 13

A nurse is caring for an elderly client at the clinic who is complaining of intermittent vomiting. Which condition is the client at risk for if gastric juices are lost through vomiting?
1)Metabolic acidosis
2)Metabolic alkalosis
3)Respiratory acidosis
4)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 14

A nurse is teaching clients about the importance of water balance. Which statement by the clients shows an understanding of maintaining daily hydration?
1)"The proper amount of water required each day is difficult to determine."
2)"I must drink enough water until I don't want anything more to drink."
3)"Everyone must drink at least 13 glasses of water per day for health."
4)"Once my urine is yellow, then I know I have had enough water for the day."

Question 15

A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with dehydration. The client states, "I was fine until I worked out in the yard for a few hours." What does the nurse suspect happened?
1)Excessive perspiration
2)Heatstroke
3)Excessive excretion
4)Heat exhaustion

Question 16

A nurse is discharging a client to home and discussing protein for normal body maintenance. Which component of acid-base balance within the body has important implications for protein maintenance? Select all that apply.
1)Bicarbonate
2)Carbonic acid
3)Hemoglobin
4)Hydrogen
5)Oxygen

Question 17

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with metabolic acidosis secondary to laxative abuse about the importance of acid-base balance within the body. Which organs does the nurse explain to the client are responsible for maintaining balance within our bodies? Select all that apply.
1)Lungs
2)Kidneys
3)Stomach
4)Brain
5)Liver

Question 18

A nurse is teaching clients about fluid and balance distribution in the body. Which statements by the clients indicate teaching is successful?
1)"About 80% of water needs come from fluid and 20% from foods."
2)"About 50% of plasma is water and the other 50% blood products."
3)"About 46% of intracellular water is in the body of all adults."
4)"About 40% of all transcellular fluid is secreted in the vascular system."

Question 19

A nurse is caring for a pediatric client diagnosed with renal insufficiency. How much urine does the nurse suspect the child is excreting?
1)More than 1 kg of urine/hour of body weight
2)Less 1 mL of urine/kg of body weight/hr
3)Around 2.2 kg of urine/mL of body weight/hr
4)Around 2.2 mL of urine/hour of body weight