Deck 9: Motivating Employees

Question 1

According to Maslow's hierarchy of need, the most basic needs are the social needs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Motivation is basically a need-satisfying process.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivation theory.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Theory Z approach emphasizes long-term employment.

Question 5

Theory X managers view their workers as untrustworthy and unmotivated.

Question 6

Scientific management is based on economic incentives and the premise that there is "one best way" to perform any job.

Question 7

Human resources managers have yet to find any use for Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 8

Profit sharing, gain sharing, and stock options are all forms of variable pay.

Question 9

The rewarding of a bonus for finishing a job proposal in a timely fashion would demonstrate how reinforcement theory can be used to motivate employees.

Question 10

In Herzberg's model, potential job dissatisfiers are called hygiene factors.

Question 11

The Hawthorne effect is used to describe the individual reaction and not that of the group.

Question 12

Managers can use equity theory to improve worker satisfaction.

Question 13

Job enlargement means the redesign of a job to increase its responsibility and challenge.

Question 14

Feedback is very important to the successful application of the goal-setting theory.

Question 15

Training workers by changing and varying jobs is called job rotation.

Question 16

Scientific management focused primarily on how human behavior and relations affect organizational performance.

Question 17

The Theory X approach to management builds on the idea that worker and organizational interests are congruent.

Question 18

Equity theory is a theory of motivation that focuses on the link between motivation and organizational culture.

Question 19

In Herzberg's model, salary and fringe benefits are job satisfiers.

Question 20

With the goal-setting theory, managers have learned that easier goals motivate more effectively than challenging ones.

Question 21

According to the Hawthorne effect,:

A)responsibility motivates
B)workers respond to being paid attention to
C)workers respond to money
D)good leadership is the key to motivation
E)workers dislike negative reinforcement

Question 22

According to _____, workers respond to attention from superiors, and they like their opinions to be valued.

A)Theory X
B)maintenance factors
C)the Hawthorne effect
D)scientific management
E)the equity theory

Question 23

_____ is something that prompts an individual to release his or her energy in a certain direction.

A)Motivation
B)Operations management
C)Human relations
D)Personnel management
E)Production management

Question 24

_____ is the gap between what is and what is desired, and _____ is the gap between what is and what is required.

A)Motivation; experience
B)A want; a need
C)A perquisite; a goal
D)Experience; Motivation
E)A need; a want

Question 25

Financial incentives that allow variability in compensation to reflect an individual employee's contribution are generally known as pay-for-performance programs.

Question 26

_____ proposed a theory of motivation based on universal human needs.

A)Frederick Taylor
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Elton Mayo
D)Frederick Herzberg
E)Douglas McGregor

Question 27

The father of scientific management was:

A)Elton Mayo
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Adam Smith
D)Frederick Herzberg
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 28

_____ is the gap between what is and what is required.

A)Motivation
B)A want
C)A perquisite
D)A need
E)Experience

Question 29

Frederick Taylor's scientific management emphasized:

A)policies, procedures, rules, and regulations
B)work efficiency
C)worker morale
D)technology
E)communication skills

Question 30

Elton Mayo, America's first industrial psychologist, was responsible for formulating:

A)the principles of scientific management
B)the explanation of the Hawthorne effect
C)the motivational-maintenance theory
D)Theory X & Theory Y
E)the hierarchy of needs

Question 31

Organizations today are taking a greatly reduced role in helping employees balance their work responsibilities and their personal obligations than they did in the past.

Question 32

According to Maslow, people need to feel secure, to be protected from physical harm, and to avoid the unexpected.These needs are called _____ needs.

A)self-actualization
B)safety
C)belonging
D)psychological
E)physiological

Question 33

A knowledge-based work force is qualitatively different from a skills-based work force.

Question 34

According to Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory, the most important motivator in the workplace is:

A)shorter hours
B)longer lunch breaks
C)good communication
D)money
E)responsibility

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a need identified in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)safety needs
B)physiological needs
C)social needs
D)psychological needs
E)esteem needs

Question 36

A group of management consultants is studying OGSI Manufacturing and its team management strategy.Once Pete Jazoni's work group was selected for special attention by the management consultants, the work group's production output nearly doubled.Jazoni's group's reaction to the special attention is an example of:

A)Theory Z
B)Theory Y
C)the Hawthorne effect
D)the reinforcement theory
E)the Herzberg theory

Question 37

An employee who was more worried about having a safe work environment and a financially sound pension plan than anything else would be most concerned with which of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)safety needs
B)physiological needs
C)social needs
D)self-actualization needs
E)esteem needs

Question 38

A manufacturing company in which industrial engineers have maximized efficiency by determining the best way to perform every task from tightening a bolt to operating a forklift would be illustrative of:

A)the Hawthorne effect
B)scientific management
C)expectancy theory
D)equity theory
E)Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory

Question 39

Employee ownership creates too much stress and is a poor motivator.

Question 40

The original Hawthorne studies were set up to study:

A)testing used in the selection of employees
B)lighting
C)employee breaks
D)employee incentives
E)employee personality conflicts

Question 41

When nurses at Children's Memorial Medical Center were asked what makes a great place to work.They responded with, "Great places to work have leaders that listen to staff feedback and act upon it.At great places to work, staff value developing their job expertise, actively support teamwork, are passionate about providing quality service, and are not afraid to take risks and try innovative approaches.Mutual respect is the interpersonal chemistry that produces a collegial environment that inspires excellence at great places to work." From this information, it appears that the nurses would also appreciate a _____ approach to management.

A)Maslow
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Theory Z
E)scientific management

Question 42

The _____ style of management is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person dislikes work, will try to avoid work, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, and wants security above all else.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)self-actualized
E)scientific

Question 43

In Maslow's theory, the need to belong to informal social groups both on and off the job is an example of _____ needs.

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)security
D)social
E)self-actualization

Question 44

According to Theory X, workers _____ their work.

A)enjoy the creative part of
B)like delegation and responsibility in
C)dislike every facet of
D)have a strong attachment to
E)have strong positive feelings about

Question 45

Wes Johnston overheard his manager say, "Work is as natural as play, and workers seek more job responsibility." This statement supports:

A)the Hawthorne effect
B)Theory X assumptions
C)Theory Y assumptions
D)Theory Z assumptions
E)the hierarchy of needs

Question 46

Fourteen million office workers in the US have their online activities under constant surveillance, according to the Denver-based Privacy Foundation.Worldwide, it reckons the number of employees under such surveillance totals around 27 million people. According to the foundation's Workplace Surveillance Project the low cost of snooping technology is the main reason why employers are employing a _____approach to management.

A)Herzberg
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Theory Z
E)scientific management

Question 47

As a believer in the Theory Y style of management, Stacey Lovett believes in all of the following EXCEPT:

A)freedom of workers to come and go at will
B)trusting workers to work hard on their own
C)constant and close supervision
D)giving employees more responsibility
E)that workers are positively motivated

Question 48

Motivation and maintenance factors are essential parts of a job-satisfier theory formulated by:

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Frederick Taylor
C)Elton Mayo
D)Douglas McGregor
E)Frederick Herzberg

Question 49

According to Theory Y, workers _____ their work.

A)especially abhor the creative part of
B)like delegation and responsibility in
C)dislike every facet of
D)have a strong aversion to
E)find nothing pleasurable about

Question 50

Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs is true?

A)Because the hierarchy of needs focuses on universal human needs, it has no critics.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs has not influenced motivational theory.
C)Maslow claimed an upper level of need was not activated until a lower level of need was satisfied.
D)Physiological, safety, and belonging needs are all physical needs.
E)All of the above statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs are true.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about Theory Z style of management is true?

A)Theory Z style of management does not reflect U.S.culture.
B)According to Theory Z, workers should be laid off whenever business is bad.
C)According to Theory Z, decision making should be done by the individual not the group.
D)Theory Z contains many elements from Japanese management.
E)According to the Theory Z style of management, the responsibility for success or failure is shared by the group.

Question 52

An article on the health care industry revealed several assumptions that health care administrators have adopted during the last decade.The administrators assume their (1) employees have several interests other than work and will work only to the degree necessary.(2) employees will accept additional responsibilities only if they receive rewards, and (3) employees exhibit little loyalty and will leave employment for reasons that are in their short-term interest.These assumptions lead support to the _____ approach to management.

A)the Hawthorne effect
B)the Theory Z style of management
C)the Theory X style of management
D)the Theory Y style of management
E)scientific management

Question 53

The Theory Z style of management emphasizes:

A)fast career development
B)extensive specialization
C)very formal control over employees
D)long-term employment
E)individual decision making instead of group

Question 54

Bart Pietz works as a paramedic.Because he has just worked a plane crash and has been 20 hours without rest, he is extremely sleepy.Pietz needs to satisfy his _____ need.

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)security
D)social
E)self-actualization

Question 55

A Theory X manager would assume his or her workers are:

A)desirous of more delegation
B)very optimistic
C)desirous of promotions, raises, and more responsibility
D)lazy employees who can't be trusted
E)ambitious and want to work for as long as they are physically able

Question 56

_____ is responsible for identifying the Theory Z style of management.

A)Frederick Herzberg
B)Douglas McGregor
C)Elton Mayo
D)Frederick Taylor
E)William Ouchi

Question 57

Theories X and Y management styles are the result of studies by:

A)Frederick Herzberg
B)Douglas McGregor
C)Elton Mayo
D)Frederick Taylor
E)William Ouchi

Question 58

Many rock and roll fans believe that Jimi Hendrix was the best guitarist ever and that he stretched his ability to the utmost.According to Maslow's theory of need, Hendrix more than likely satisfied his _____ need.

A)physiological
B)psychological
C)esteem
D)self-actualization
E)recognition

Question 59

When Maslow wrote, "A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be at peace with himself.What a man can be, he must be," he was more than likely referring to man's:

A)social needs
B)esteem needs
C)psychological needs
D)safety needs
E)self-actualization needs

Question 60

Safeway Stores has installed dashboard computers in their trucks to monitor the delivery truck drivers as they work their routes.Safeway is checking on drivers to make sure they are working.This mistrust of employees derives from trust in the veracity of:

A)the Hawthorne effect
B)the Theory Z style of management
C)the Theory X style of management
D)the Theory Y style of management
E)scientific management

Question 61

According to expectancy theory, the probability of an individual acting a particular way depends on the strength of the individual's belief that:

A)the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome
B)job responsibility is adequate
C)salary and fringe benefits matter
D)the job is challenging
E)supervisors treat their employees with equity

Question 62

According to Herzberg, _____ factors must be present to prevent work dissatisfaction, but these factors cannot serve as a source of satisfaction or motivation.

A)demotivational
B)job-controlled
C)job-elemental
D)hygiene
E)self-actualized

Question 63

The _____ is a theory that is concerned with workers' perception about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers.

A)equity theory
B)expectancy theory
C)theory of objectivity
D)theory of equality
E)fair treatment theory

Question 64

One criticism of Herzberg's motivator and hygiene theory is that it:

A)ignores the impact of situational variables
B)cannot be used effectively by smaller companies
C)added no new information to the study of motivation
D)lacks hygiene factors that can lead to workers doing their best work
E)does not examine the relationship between productivity and satisfaction

Question 65

According to equity theory, if employees perceive that an inequity exists, they may:

A)look at the situation from a different perspective
B)change their work habits
C)quit the job
D)distort their perceptions of themselves
E)do any of the above

Question 66

According to Herzberg, to keep a worker satisfied or motivated, the manager should:

A)give longer lunch breaks
B)change his or her supervisor
C)give recognition to employee
D)give the worker more vacation time
E)give the worker a raise

Question 67

Spring Airlines is a small budget airline that is based in China.Due to the unfamiliarity of this mode of transportation in China, Spring's employees are often attacked by unhappy customers who demand compensation for flight delays.According to Herzberg, these attacks by passengers would be an example of a _____ factor.

A)job satisfier
B)self-actualizing
C)motivating
D)employee-controlled
E)hygiene

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT an example of a hygiene factor?

A)salary
B)working conditions
C)fringe benefits
D)recognition
E)company policy

Question 69

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are:

A)job satisfiers
B)potential job dissatisfiers
C)morale factors
D)motivating factors
E)self-actualizing factors

Question 70

In a survey of middle-level managers in service industries, a majority stated that employees have an inherent distrust of managers and will respond to instructions only if they perceive their treatment to be fair.This statement indicates the managers would be most successful using the _____ to motivate their employees.

A)equity theory
B)expectancy theory
C)theory of objectivity
D)theory of equality
E)fair treatment theory

Question 71

The idea that employees are motivated by their expectations, or estimates of chances for reward, is called the _____ theory.

A)psychological
B)estimation
C)equity
D)expectancy
E)reevaluation

Question 72

Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should:

A)determine the rewards valued by each employee
B)link rewards to performance
C)determine what factors might counteract the effectiveness of a reward
D)make sure the rewards are adequate for the level of performance
E)do all of the above

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT an example of a job satisfier?

A)recognition
B)responsibility
C)salary and fringe benefits
D)advancement
E)the work itself

Question 74

The equity theory is concerned with:

A)setting rewards based on individual employee desires
B)how fairly a worker is treated compared to coworkers
C)how much compensation a worker will receive
D)the worker's concern with company ownership
E)the worker's place in the decision making process

Question 75

In Herzberg's model, which of the following would be an example of a motivating factor?

A)salary
B)fringe benefits
C)work conditions
D)supervision
E)responsibility

Question 76

Spring Airlines is a small budget airline that is based in China.The company has a strict rule against passengers bringing any food or beverage on board with them.In a country where meal time is extremely important, this has caused some passengers to slap, throttle, and insult stewardesses who tried to enforce this rule.The tenacity with which the company's employees enforce this ruling is based on how the employees predict customers will react to the news.This is an application of the _____ theory.

A)psychological
B)estimation
C)equity
D)expectancy
E)reevaluation

Question 77

According to the equity theory, employees value their own outcomes in relation to their own inputs.Then they compare the outcomes-to-inputs ratio to:

A)the employee's own past experience in a different position in the current organization
B)the employee's own past experience in a different organization
C)another employee's experience inside the current organization
D)another employee's experience outside the organization
E)any or all of the above

Question 78

In Herzberg's theory, salary is an example of a(n):

A)job satisfier
B)self-actualizing factor
C)motivating factor
D)employee-controlled factor
E)hygiene factor

Question 79

Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should:

A)determine the rewards valued by each employee
B)make sure all people have the same opportunity to receive rewards
C)assume all employees want the same rewards
D)offer intermittent reinforcement
E)do all of the above

Question 80

In Herzberg's model, which of the following would be an example of a hygiene factor?

A)promotion
B)responsibility
C)recognition
D)supervision
E)the work itself