Deck 10: The Case Study and Single-Case Research Designs

Question 1

What do changes in level indicate about treatment effects?

A) Changes in level are dependent on changes in means to show treatment effects
B) Shifts or discontinuities show the absence of treatment effects
C) Shifts or discontinuities within a phase show treatment effects
D) Shifts or discontinuities between phases show treatment effects

Answer 1

Shifts or discontinuities between phases show treatment effects

Question 2

Why is variability in the data at baseline assessment problematic in single-case designs?

A) Because performance at baseline indicates whether the treatment will be effective for the given participant
B) Because performance at baseline allows the investigator to generalize the findings to others in the population
C) Because performance at baseline is used to predict future performance and variability makes prediction difficult
D) Because performance at baseline is used to predict past performance and variability makes prediction difficult

Answer 2

Because performance at baseline is used to predict future performance and variability makes prediction difficult

Question 3

One of the advantages of single-case designs, is that the designs:

A) Avoid all of the problems of statistical evaluation of the data
B) Rule out threats to external and construct validity especially well
C) Permit investigation of topics that could not be studied or easily studied in group research
D) Can readily determine whether the results of experimental intervention depend on subject characteristics

Answer 3

Permit investigation of topics that could not be studied or easily studied in group research

Question 4

How do case studies and single-case designs differ?

A) Case studies provide only anecdotal information to the investigator
B) Case studies do not usually allow one to draw inferences that are as internally valid as a single-case experimental design
C) Case studies examine single individuals while single-case designs examine a single group of individuals
D) Case studies examine a single group of individuals while single-case designs examine single individuals

Question 5

Which of the following is a requirement of single-case designs?

A) Baseline assessment
B) A trend in the data in the same direction as the intervention is likely to produce
C) A single data collection point
D) Variable performance on the characteristic of interest

Question 6

What characteristic of assessment occasions makes them important in making case studies more valid?

A) Depth
B) Breadth
C) Length
D) Number

Question 7

Which of the following is a requirement of ABAB designs?

A) Having stable levels of behavior
B) Having a single assessment
C) Having each subject in a different condition
D) Having multiple subjects in a single condition

Question 8

Case studies can be useful and informative:

A) If at least two are accumulated
B) If there is systematic assessment and evaluation of features of the case
C) As a method of validating therapy techniques
D) To support the use of a particular therapy over another

Question 9

What is a single-case design?

A) A design that administers different conditions to different subjects over time
B) A design that administers the same condition to the same subject over time
C) A design that administers the same conditions to different subjects over time
D) A design that administers different conditions to the same subject over time

Question 10

What is an anecdotal case study?

A) Systematic, replicable data collection with an individual client
B) Manipulations of treatment within an individual client
C) Uncontrolled observations of the individual client
D) Controlled assessments of the individual client

Question 11

Which of the following would indicate that treatment effects have occurred?

A) Long latency until behavior change following treatment
B) Short latency until behavior change following treatment
C) Large variability in all conditions
D) Small variability across conditions

Question 12

Why are past and future projections of performance important to increase the validity of a study?

A) To demonstrate the course of a particular behavior of problem
B) To demonstrate the generalizability of findings
C) To demonstrate the strength of a particular treatment
D) To demonstrate the importance of a particular treatment

Question 13

Why do ABAB designs aid in making conclusions about the effects of treatment?

A) Because ABAB designs show the effects of the treatment over time
B) Because ABAB designs show the effects of no treatment over time
C) Because the reversal phase and corresponding changes in behavior usually make rival hypotheses implausible
D) Because the reversal phase demonstrates that the behavior change will not revert to previous levels

Question 14

What is the goal of visual inspection?

A) To determine whether the effects will generalize to other participants
B) To determine how subject variables might interact with the treatment effects
C) To determine whether the effects are consistent, reliable, and unlikely to have resulted from chance fluctuations
D) To determine how much a participant has changed at one point in time

Question 15

What is the difference between multiple-baseline and changing-criterion designs?

A) Multiple baseline shows changes in responses to different performance standards over time while changing criterion shows changes in different domains over time
B) Multiple baseline shows changes in different domains over time while changing criterion shows changes in responses to different performance standards over time
C) Multiple baseline shows how behavior can change slowly while changing criterion demonstrates rapid behavior change
D) Multiple baseline employs a single subject over time while changing criterion employs different subjects over time