Deck 13: Infection and Inflammation

Question 1

An adult client reports feeling tired all the time. The nurse's assessment reveals tachycardia and paleness. The complete blood count with differential reports shows the hemoglobin count as 10 g/dL and the mean corpuscular volume as 7
1)Microcytic hypochromic anemia
2)Normocytic normochromic anemia
3)Megaloblastic anemia
4)Polycythemia
5) Which condition does the nurse suspect the client has developed?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which diagnostic finding is most likely to be observed in a client with aplastic anemia?
1)Decreased production of T cells
2)Decreased red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets
3)Decreased level of immunoglobulin A (IgA)
4)Decreased number of Kupffer cells

Answer 2

2

Question 3

The nurse is managing the care of an adult client admitted for fatigue and weakness. The nurse's assessment reveals paleness and a "chipmunk cheeks" appearance. The client reports severe bone pain, and the health-care provider diagnoses splenomegaly requiring a splenectomy. Which nursing care is most important for this client?
1)Safety related to fall precautions
2)Comfort promoted by pain management
3)Interventions focused on infection prevention
4)Isolation due to bone marrow transplantation

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Which body organ is involved in anemia caused by erythropoietin deficiency?
1)Spleen
2)Renal system
3)Thyroid gland
4)Bone marrow

Question 5

A client who reports weakness is found to have developed anemia. Which physical manifestation does the nurse most closely associate with the specific diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia?
1)Cheilitis
2)Koilonychias
3)Glossitis
4)Melena

Question 6

A client with nonalcoholic-associated cirrhosis is diagnosed with esophageal varices. The health-care provider (HCP) prescribes a complete blood count (CBC) every 3 months. The client's last laboratory results indicate low red blood cells (RBCs) and a hemoglobin of 6.8 g/dL. Which nursing action does the nurse perform in anticipation of the HCP's prescription?
1)Placing the client on fall prevention
2)Teaching the client about nutrition
3)Assessing for the presence of an IV
4)Administering oxygen via nasal cannula

Question 7

A client's pulse oximetry reading is 100%; however, the hemoglobin level is 8.5 g/dL. The client's spouse asks the nurse what activities the client can safely carry out. Which activity would the nurse recommend?
1)Rock climbing
2)Skiing
3)Trekking
4)Road trip

Question 8

Following an accident, a client arrives to the emergency room bleeding profusely. There is an estimated 15% to 30% blood loss from the body. Which response does the nurse expect to the urine output in this condition?
1)Urine output decreases below 30 mL/hour.
2)Urine output decreases to 5 to 15 mL/hour.
3)There is no effect on urine output.
4)Urine output is completely suspended.

Question 9

A school-age client with sickle cell anemia experiences vaso-occlusive episodes. Which is the primary nursing objective while caring for this client?
1)Managing pain
2)Administering antibiotics
3)Maintaining a warm room temperature
4)Restricting fluids to match output

Question 10

Which characteristic does the nurse associate with secondary polycythemia?
1)High erythropoietin level
2)Normal erythropoietin level
3)Increased platelet count
4)Elevated white blood cell count

Question 11

Which condition leads to increased reticulocyte count in the blood?
1)Excess blood loss from the body
2)Suppression of the bone marrow
3)Poor production of red blood cells
4)Poor dietary intake of folic acid

Question 12

The nurse is providing care for a client with chronic anemia. The client states, "Why don't they just give me transfusions when I need them?" Which factor does the nurse consider before giving the client a response?
1)Transfusions are a possibility if the red blood cells (RBCs) drop significantly.
2)Transfusions are a remedy with hypoxia and hypovolemia.
3)A splenectomy is a better solution than blood transfusions.
4)Slow blood loss requires iron, vitamin B₁₂, and folic acid.

Question 13

An adult client tells a nurse about siblings with sickle cell anemia. The client's greatest concern is about offspring being affected by the disease in the future. Which is the most appropriate advice the nurse provides to the client?
1)"You and your partner need to seek genetic counseling."
2)"Even as carriers, your offspring will exhibit the disease."
3)"Adoption of a child is the best way to prevent the disease."
4)"There are constant breakthroughs for treating the condition."

Question 14

A nurse is reviewing the medication administration records of four clients in the hospital. Which client is being treated for aplastic anemia?
1)The client receiving epoetin-alpha and filgrastim
2)The client receiving cyanocobalamin and folic acid
3)The client receiving hydroxocobalamin and folates
4)The client receiving tetracycline and naproxen

Question 15

The nurse is caring for multiple clients. Which client does the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for developing erythrocyte-related anemia?
1)The client experiencing dehydration
2)The client with a low oxygen saturation
3)The client who had colon polyps removed
4)The client with prolonged diarrhea

Question 16

The nurse reviews a client's laboratory results and notices a hemoglobin of 20 g/dL. Which factor contributes to the client having a high hemoglobin count?
1)Being a female
2)Being located in high altitudes
3)Being of African American descent
4)Being treated for a slow blood loss

Question 17

The nurse is providing care for an African American client who is a carrier of the sickle cell anemia (SCA) trait. The client carries a small amount of Hgb S and is usually asymptomatic for the disease. Which question does the nurse ask the client to determine the cause of current manifestations of the condition?
1)"Which stressors are currently in your life?"
2)"Have you recently tried to lose weight?"
3)"How do you describe your activity level?"
4)"How long have you noticed your symptoms?"

Question 18

An older adult client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. For which condition does the nurse primarily monitor the client?
1)Hypertension
2)Dyspnea
3)Hematochezia
4)Bleeding diathesis

Question 19

A client has developed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which dietary intervention does the nurse provide for the client?
1)Foods rich in folic acid
2)Foods rich in iron
3)Foods rich in vitamin D
4)Foods rich in vitamin B

Question 20

A client presents to an acute care facility with a report of chest pain. The complete blood count report of the client shows a red blood cell count of 3.0 cells *10⁶, hemoglobin levels of 10g/dL, hematocrit of 35%, mean corpuscular value of 70, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of 2

A)Folate-deficiency anemia
B)Vitamin B₁₂-deficiency anemia
C)Iron-deficiency anemia
D)Hemolytic anemia
E) Which condition has the client developed?

Question 21

Which conditions increase the hemoglobin affinity for oxygen? Select all that apply.
1)Hypothermia
2)Hyperthermia
3)Alkalosis
4)Acidosis
5)Hypercapnia

Question 22

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count report of a client who exhibits headaches and weakness. The report shows a red blood cell (RBC) count of 3.4 cells * 10⁶, a white blood cell count of 7 * 10³ g/dL, a platelet count of 200,000, and hemoglobin levels of 10 g/dL. Which condition has the client developed?

A)Anemia
B)Leukopenia
C)Thrombocytopenia
D)Leukocytosis

Question 23

The nurse is reviewing a complete blood count with differential of a client who complains of weakness. The report shows a red blood cell count of 3.2 cells *10⁶, hemoglobin levels of 9 g/dL, hematocrit of 35%, mean corpuscular value of 75, hemoglobin A of 0%, hemoglobin F of 80%, and hemoglobin A2 of 10%. Which red blood cell disorder has the client developed?

A)Alpha thalassemia
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Beta thalassemia
D)Autosomal thalassemia

Question 24

A nurse is teaching a client with iron-deficiency anemia about the diet to follow. Which statements made by the client indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.
1)"Consuming orange juice daily will increase iron absorption."
2)"Drinking a cup of black tea after having meals will increase iron absorption."
3)"Adding meat to my diet will help improve iron deficiency."
4)"Consuming grapes every day will increase iron absorption."
5)"Adding broccoli, beans, and tomato sauce to my diet will help provide iron."