Deck 45: East Asia in a Century of Change

Question 1

In 1949 the Kuomintang government and its supporters fled mainland China for

A) Korea.
B) Japan.
C) Taiwan.
D) Hong Kong.
E) Hainan.

Answer 1

Taiwan.

Question 2

Elaborate on the Meiji Restoration.How did the Japanese restore the emperor to power and at what cost?

Answer 2

Answers would include a discussion of the reforms,the elevation (at least in political theory)of the emperor,the wholesale adoption of ideas from the west balanced by the significant economic gains made with zaibatsu,rice and silk production in addition to better foreign policies with the west.

Question 3

Under Japan's 1889 constitution,

A) the supreme power of the emperor was reinforced.
B) a new national tax system was introduced.
C) the capital city was moved to Tokyo.
D) Japan would have a system similar to the Bismarck's Germany.
E) all adult males were given the right to vote.

Answer 3

Japan would have a system similar to the Bismarck's Germany.

Question 4

Early innovations by Mao were approved by many intellectuals as well as workers because they were

A) liberal.
B) successful.
C) democratic.
D) practical.
E) well-organized.

Question 5

Discuss the changes taking place in Southeast Asia.

Question 6

Elaborate on the impact of the west on China,Japan,and Southeast Asia through World War II.

Question 7

War between China and Japan began in 1931 with the latter's unprovoked attack on

A) Beijing.
B) Shensi.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Nanking.
E) Manchuria.

Question 8

This most aggressive and able of the lieutenants of the early Republic of China was

A) General Yuan.
B) Sun Yat-sen.
C) Chiang Kai-shek.
D) Kang Yu-wei.
E) Mao Zedong.

Question 9

One traditional element that was not set aside by the Meiji reforms was

A) the existing feudal tax system.
B) the Shinto faith in a divine emperor.
C) the supreme power of the emperor in governmental affairs.
D) the privileged status of the samurai class.
E) the patterns of land ownership.

Question 10

In 1931,Japanese military officers seized the province of

A) Manchuria.
B) Szechwan.
C) Mongolia.
D) Macao.
E) Taiwan.

Question 11

Discuss the development of the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-Shek and the specific challenges he faced.

Question 12

The best description of America's involvement in the Philippines in the immediate aftermath of the Spanish American War was

A) benevolent acceptance of the Filipinos.
B) disdain for the Filipinos.
C) expedient liberation of the islands.
D) lengthy occupation of the islands.
E) abject denial of the problems there.

Question 13

One of the worst atrocities in China during World War II occurred in

A) Beijing.
B) Nanjing.
C) Shansi.
D) Canton.
E) Xia.

Question 14

Describe the rise of the Chinese Communist Party.What challenges did they face and what factors led to their eventual victory?

Question 15

Chiang's Kuomintang government proved to be

A) energetic, efficient, and democratic.
B) brutal and dictatorial.
C) puppets of and collaborators with Japan.
D) sympathetic to the impoverished population.
E) unable to hold together after its establishment on Taiwan.

Question 16

Chiang Kai-shek was originally a lieutenant under

A) General Yuan.
B) Mao Zedong.
C) the Kuomintang.
D) Empress Cixi.
E) Sun Yat-sen.

Question 17

How did the Japanese military change after the Restoration? How did those actions impact the ideas of soldiers during World War II?

Question 18

In the 1930s,the most influential element in Japan was the

A) conservative aristocracy.
B) Social Democrats.
C) right-wing paramilitaries.
D) general staff.
E) officers in the military.

Question 19

The Meiji reformers strongly supported the concept of

A) equitable taxation.
B) literacy.
C) reverence for the emperor.
D) representative democracy.
E) a constitutional monarchy.

Question 20

Mao's revolution relied heavily on the support of

A) the peasantry.
B) university intellectuals.
C) the mandarins.
D) the urban laborers.
E) the merchant class.

Question 21

For the Japanese,the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 was most significant for

A) giving them control of Korea.
B) giving them a chance to annex Siberia.
C) announcing to the world that Japan was now a major power.
D) getting back at the Russians for shaming them in a confrontation twenty years earlier.
E) giving them much needed capital from the reparations the Russians had to pay.

Question 22

Believing that war with America was inevitable and that a first strike would give Japan an edge,the Tokyo government launched an attack against ____________________.

Question 23

The Meiji reformers consciously gave Shinto a special position within Japan,because

A) it had been the first religion developed after settlement of the islands.
B) the faith showed great reverence for the emperor and accepted him as an almost divine leader.
C) the emperor insisted that Shinto remain the official faith of Japan.
D) Shinto and the new constitution would help to make all Japanese into good citizen-patriots.
E) the faith backed up the constitution's admonition that Japan should be ruled by an unbroken line of emperors forever.

Question 24

Despite having become allies with both Germany and Italy,Japan

A) remained on the sidelines during the 1930s, in order to continue improvements within the country.
B) was too busy fighting Chiang Kai-shek in China to want to help either of them prepare for war.
C) became upset with the Germans when they were not told Germany planned to begin World War II, and again when Germany attacked Russia in 1941, and thus remained neutral in the conflict.
D) invaded Russia in 1931, setting up a puppet government there.
E) found those powers unwilling to help when the French moved into Southeast Asia and began to take over Japanese-held territories.

Question 25

Most of the island Southeast Asian nations followed which of the following religions?

A) Christianity
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Hinduism
E) Shinto

Question 26

China's Northern Expedition of 1926 was

A) General Chiang's successful pursuit of warlords who had made themselves into tyrants in several northern provinces.
B) the establishment of a Kuomintang government led by Chiang in Beijing.
C) a widespread purse of any suspected communists, during which tens of thousands of Chinese were killed.
D) the precursor to the Long March of 1934.
E) a march of protest by Chinese students who were upset about several elements of the Versailles Treaty.

Question 27

____________________ acted as a conservative intermediary between the Kuomintang and Western powers.

Question 28

The major difference between the Chinese and the Japanese in the late 1800s and early 1900s was that

A) Japan saw the benefit of adopting some Western reforms while the Chinese did not.
B) Japan readily adopted socialism but China did not.
C) China held on to Confucian beliefs while Japan held closely to Buddhism.
D) China got rid of its emperor in the late 1800s but Japan clung tightly to theirs.
E) the Chinese were forced to accept how far behind the West they were technologically, but the Japanese turned a blind eye to the fact that they, too, were far behind.

Question 29

The Long March of 1934 involved

A) the retreat of the Nationalists to Taiwan.
B) the march of the Japanese into Manchuria.
C) the communist migrating from the south to the north.
D) the march of the communist into Beijing victorious.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 30

Japan was opened to trade with the West by the American commander,

A) Matthew Modine.
B) Matthew Perry.
C) Matthew Robinson.
D) Matthew Hutchens.
E) Matthew LeBlanc.

Question 31

The Philippines were unique in the fact that

A) it was a Southeast Asian nation under the control of a European nation.
B) it remained under one power from the 17th century through World War II.
C) the Dutch introduced a "culture system" to maintain their control on the islands.
D) the majority was Christian.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 32

The economic prosperity Japan experienced up to the 1920s brought

A) not only prosperity but also spiraling inflation and the usual accompanying riots.
B) a renewed sense of worth, as Japanese businessmen could hold their own with their foreign counterparts.
C) the opportunity to build up the country's infrastructure, a crucial part of Japan's plans for modernization.
D) the chance to begin the manufacture of war materiel in anticipation of a bigger conflict to come.
E) new respect for lawmakers who had helped bring about the trade revolution.

Question 33

Which of these was not a part of Meiji Reforms?

A) Redistribution of land.
B) A new constitution that limited the powers of the emperor.
C) Renewed emphasis on the samurai.
D) Students being sent to study in the West, especially science and government.
E) A new national bank, new currency, and a new tax system.

Question 34

The ____________________ had taken Indonesia from the Portuguese and made a great deal of profit from the production of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 35

It would be most accurate to say of Japanese politics that after the 1889 Constitution was put in place

A) representation became much broader in the Diet (Parliament).
B) the people, rather than the emperor, became sovereign; at least that was true of the wealthy.
C) the constitution had upheld traditional values of the people, but it had also heavily undermined the emperor.
D) Shinto was relegated to a position that made it only as valid, so far as the state was concerned, as Buddhism and Taoism.
E) those making decisions would be members of the wealthy class as well as imperial ministers.

Question 36

The nation that forced Japan to end their policy of seclusion was

A) China.
B) The United States.
C) Great Britain.
D) France.
E) the Netherlands.

Question 37

In 1934,Mao's Communist forces survived only by undertaking the ____________________.

Question 38

All of the following made major gains under the Meiji Restoration EXCEPT

A) silk production.
B) rice production.
C) railroad production.
D) quasi-feudal dues.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 39

During the years of French colonization in Southeast Asia,the economy improved a great deal but most of the time the main benefits went to

A) Europeans rather than native peoples.
B) the French noblemen who set up plantations on the best land.
C) immigrant Chinese middlemen merchants and native landlords.
D) the British, who moved into the area from Malaya.
E) a minute percentage of the Vietnamese who were assimilated by the French.

Question 40

By the end of World War II,Chiang Kai-shek's army could best be described as

A) poorly fed but in good spirits.
B) much diminished in numbers and increasingly corrupt.
C) respected and full of confidence that they would prevail.
D) both demoralized and ill-equipped.
E) anxious to finish off Mao and his forces before another winter passed.

Question 41

In Southeast Asia,French colonial possessions were known collectively as ____________________.

Question 42

The ____________________ began with Japan's invasion of ____________________ in China.

Question 43

By October 1949,____________________'s forces were clearly in control of the Chinese mainland,and ____________________ and his supporters had found it necessary to retreat to the offshore island of ____________________.

Question 44

The final act of China's long civil war began almost as soon as ____________________ ended.

Question 45

The 1894-1895 war between China and Japan revolved around the control of ____________________.

Question 46

The ____________________ took place in Japan in 1867,when the ____________________ was finally abolished.