Deck 24: Population Genetics

Question 1

Which of the following will alter the frequency of alleles in the population the least?

A) Mutation
B) Natural selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Migration
E) All of the answers are equal

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of

A) Bottleneck effect
B) Mutation
C) Founder effect
D) Selection
E) None of the answers are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Population geneticists study what aspects of a population?

A) Genetic variation
B) Allele frequencies
C) Genotype frequencies
D) All of the answers are correct

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In a given population of Drosophila, curly wings (c) is recessive to the wild-type condition of straight wings (c+). You isolate a population of 35 curly winged flies, 70 flies that are heterozygous for straight wings and 45 that are homozygous for straight wings. What is the total number alleles in the gene pool?

A) 2
B) 150
C) 230
D) 300
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 5

In this equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, what does the term 2pq represent?

A) The genotype frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
B) The genotype frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
C) The genotype frequency of heterozygous individuals
D) The sum of the phenotype frequencies in the population
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 6

Genetic drift has a greater influence on populations.

A) Small
B) Large
C) It effects both equally

Question 7

If the allele frequency of the dominant allele is 0.4, what value is used for the term p2 in the equation above?

A) 0.4
B) 0.2
C) 0.16
D) 16
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 8

The characteristics of a given population over time are .

A) Dynamic
B) Static

Question 9

A group of individuals from the same species that can interbreed with one another is the definition of a .

A) Species
B) Population
C) Race
D) Community
E) Kingdom

Question 10

Most natural populations are in a state of equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg.

Question 11

Using the information from the above question, what is the frequency of alleles in this population?

A) 35% c; 45% c+
B) 46.7% c; 53.3% c+
C) 50% c; 50% c+
D) 55% c; 45% c+
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 12

The coefficient of inbreeding (F) tells us what about an individual?

A) The probability that they are homozygous due to inheritance from a common ancestor
B) Their genotype
C) The probability of obtaining a certain allele from the gene pool
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 13

The degree of relatedness of two members of a pedigree is calculated using .

A) The calculation of average heterozygosity
B) The Hardy-Weinberg rule
C) The coefficient of inbreeding
D) The chi-square test
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 14

Which of the following is correct concerning events such as natural disasters and habitat destruction?

A) They have a greater impact on small populations
B) They are examples of genetic drift
C) They eliminate members of a population without regards to genotype
D) The resulting population has a different genetic makeup from the starting population
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 15

In humans, the gene for eye color is an example of a trait.

A) Monomorphic
B) Polymorphic

Question 16

Which of the following types of selection favors one extreme of a phenotypic distribution?

A) Disruptive selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Directional selection
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 17

In calculating the effects of migration on a population, you need to know what information?

A) Original allele frequency of the donor population
B) Original allele frequency of the recipient population
C) The proportion of the conglomerate population that is made up of migrants
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 18

Which of the following is not true concerning a population in equilibrium according to the Hardy- Weinberg rule?

A) There is no migration into or out of the population
B) Individuals of the population mate randomly
C) The population size is very large
D) Selection is favoring the dominant allele
E) There is no mutation in the populations

Question 19

If two individuals of a population, who vary in their phenotype, mate, it is called .

A) Outbreeding
B) Inbreeding
C) Disassortive mating
D) Assertive mating

Question 20

The formula p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 is associated with which of the following?

A) Calculations of heterozygosity
B) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
C) Calculations of recombination frequencies
D) Degrees of freedom
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 21

Which of the following types of selection favors the survival of individuals with the intermediate phenotype?

A) Disruptive selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Directional selection
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 22

Which of the following factors would result in the allele frequency of a population not adding up to 1.0, as is the case in the Hardy-Weinberg rule?

A) Genetic drift
B) Inbreeding
C) A population changing due to selection
D) None of the answers, the allele frequencies must always equal 1.0

Question 23

A SNP would best be described as .

A) A gene that comes in multiple different alleles
B) A balanced polymorphism system
C) A single nucleotide difference between two DNA sequences
D) The most likely mutation to affect protein function
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 24

The probability that a gene will be altered by a mutation is called the mutation rate.

Question 25

The selection coefficient is the measure to which a phenotype is selected against.

Question 26

Neutral evolutionary forces alter allele frequencies in a random manner.

Question 27

Which type of selection would lead to two distinct phenotypes?

A) Stabilizing selection
B) Phenotype selection
C) Fitness selection
D) Disruptive selection
E) Directional selection

Question 28

The allele pool is the sum of all of the alleles in a population.

Question 29

Human society favors outbreeding or the mating of individuals that are genetically related.

Question 30

An increase in the mean fitness of a population is usually associated with what?

A) Selection against a genotype
B) A population that is better adapted to its environment
C) The new population has a greater reproductive potential
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 31

The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of?

A) Heterogeneous environments
B) Balancing selection
C) Inverted selection
D) Non-Darwinian selection
E) Nonrandom mating

Question 32

At equilibrium the allele and genotype frequencies of a population change over time.

Question 33

A heterogeneous environment is typically a factor against the fitness of the population.

A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Neutral

Question 34

The accumulation of new mutations in a population is usually a factor against the fitness of the population.

A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Neutral

Question 35

The smallest difference in DNA sequence between a gene in two individuals is a single-nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP).

Question 36

Which of the following types of selection creates two phenotypic classes from a single original distribution?

A) Disruptive selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Directional selection
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic by which a population is in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A) The population is large.
B) There is no migration into or out of the population.
C) There is no selection against a given genotype.
D) There is no mutation in the gene being studied.
E) There is nonrandom mating

Question 38

Which of the following is true regarding a balanced polymorphism?

A) The frequency of alleles is not changing over time
B) The homozygous condition for the alleles is not advantageous to the organism
C) The population (or species) occupies a heterogeneous environment
D) An example in humans is sickle-cell anemia
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a step to calculate a coefficient of inbreeding?

A) Determine the mutation rate.
B) Determine the total number of common ancestors.
C) Determine the shortest inbreeding path between the individual and the common ancestor.
D) Calculate the inbreeding path for each common ancestor.
E) Place values in the inbreeding coefficient formula.

Question 40

A gene that is found in less that 1% of a given population is called monomorphic.

Question 41

The measure of the reproductive success of a genotype is called Darwinian fitness.

Question 42

Random genetic drift is due to chance events that alter the allele frequency in a population.

Question 43

The movement of alleles from one population to another is called population flow.