Deck 6: Group Differences: Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Gender, and Language

Question 1

A local geographic or global human population believed to share genetically transmitted and biologically based traits and physical characteristics.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority group
D) Discrimination

Answer 1

Race

Question 2

Usually negative consideration or treatment that is based on class or category rather than individual merit.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority group
D) Discrimination

Answer 2

Discrimination

Question 3

Sam's parents earn less than $10,000 per year. Based on that information alone, we would expect Sam's SAT scores to be in which range?

A) 1400-1600
B) 1000-1200
C) 800-1000
D) 600-800

Answer 3

600-800

Question 4

According to Baumrind, this parenting style is undemanding and nonrestrictive.

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Inconsistent
D) Permissive

Question 5

Baumrind found that parents who display which of the following styles tend to raise children who are more cognitively competent?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Inconsistent
D) Permissive

Question 6

To provide social scientists with a consistent measure of occupational prestige, this Socioeconomic Index was developed.

A) Weyerhauser
B) Blotts-Givens
C) Hauser-Warren
D) Lucent-Cirent

Question 7

According to Baumrind, this parenting style is very demanding and unresponsive.

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Accepting
D) Permissive

Question 8

Other than family income, which of the following is an indicator of success in school?

A) number of vacations taken
B) number of siblings
C) rural or urban home
D) extended family size

Question 9

Bronfenbrenner suggests which of the following has changed the way middle-class mothers interact with their children?

A) SES
B) emergence of two-income households
C) more siblings
D) child-rearing literature

Question 10

Originally used to refer to smaller number of individuals, now used more to indicate individuals from traditionally disadvantaged backgrounds.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority group
D) Discrimination

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential explanation for the relationship between SATs and SES, as stated in the text?

A) Lower income families may not have access to the best schools.
B) Lower income families are not as interested in high SAT scores.
C) Lower income families are genetically different than higher income families.
D) Lower income families spend more time trying to increase their income.

Question 12

Socially communicated behaviors, beliefs, values, knowledge, and other traits that characterize a particular time period or a particular class, community, or population of people.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Culture
D) Discrimination

Question 13

The relationship of parenting style to adolescent school performance suggests that which of the following parenting styles resulted in the lowest grades?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Inconsistent
D) Permissive

Question 14

Mike and Bobbie listen to their children and ask for input before they set down rules. They have what may be called a/an _______ parenting style.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) accepting
D) permissive

Question 15

Paul and Sally expect their children to listen to them and not question their rules. They probably have which of the following parenting styles?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Accepting
D) Permissive

Question 16

Defined by psychologists as a measure of a person's social class level based on income and educational level.

A) Hollingshead Index
B) Socioeconomic status
C) Ethnicity
D) Achievement

Question 17

A distinct national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage shared by a sizeable group of people.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority group
D) Discrimination

Question 18

It is important for teachers to understand the effects of different home environments and cultural experiences of their students. For example, these students are taught to wait patiently to be recognized and not to interrupt their teacher.

A) Indian
B) German Italian
C) Asian American
D) Australian American

Question 19

According to Baumrind, this parenting style encourages the development of independence and individuality.

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Inconsistent
D) Permissive

Question 20

In 1970, roughly _____ percent of children under 6 years of age were being raised by one unmarried parent; in 1994, roughly _____ percent of children under age 6 were being raised by one unmarried parent.

A) 2; 10
B) 25; 18
C) 18; 30
D) 10; 28

Question 21

Achievement patterns for different racial and ethnic groups are

A) reliable individual predictors.
B) genetically based.
C) trends, not labels that fit every individual.
D) totally unreliable and insignificant for use in comparison purposes.

Question 22

Within any single SES group, achievement is

A) extremely stable.
B) somewhat stable.
C) somewhat variable.
D) extremely variable.

Question 23

Since the late 1960s, increases in the educational attainment of parents of minority children have been

A) decreasing.
B) slight and variable.
C) nonexistent.
D) enormous and impressive.

Question 24

The biggest gains in achievement test scores have been obtained by _________ students.

A) African American and Hispanic
B) Italian and Hispanic
C) African American and German American
D) Hispanic and Native American

Question 25

Biologically controlled differences.

A) Gender differences
B) Sex differences
C) Identity
D) Gender bias

Question 26

On average, females score higher than males in what area?

A) spatial
B) mathematical
C) verbal
D) kinesthetic

Question 27

Research suggests that which of the following parenting styles resulted in the highest school grades for adolescents?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Inconsistent
D) Permissive

Question 28

Which ethnic group had the greatest number of students scoring above 750 on the math section of the SAT?

A) Caucasian
B) Asian American
C) Hispanic American
D) African American

Question 29

The differences between males and females in verbal tasks is ___________, and the differences between males and females in quantitative tasks is ______________.

A) small; large
B) large; small
C) small; small
D) large; large

Question 30

The scholastic achievement of African American children and Latino American children

A) is proportionately lower than that of white children.
B) is approximately the same as that of white children.
C) is proportionately higher than that of white children.
D) has not been compared to that of white children.

Question 31

Research between males and females in cognitive abilities show that

A) all boys have superior math skills.
B) all girls have superior verbal skills.
C) the differences are based on genetic factors.
D) the actual differences between the sexes in verbal abilities is small.

Question 32

The gap in standardized scores between different ethnic groups has been closing. One reason the text discussed is the

A) different testing methods used today.
B) larger family sizes of today.
C) increase in extended family relationships.
D) trend toward smaller family sizes.

Question 33

Psychologically and socially controlled differences.

A) Sex differences
B) Gender differences
C) Cultural differences
D) SES differences

Question 34

Blau (1981) found that the African American inner-city children who have better life outcomes have at least one adult in their lives with which of the following?

A) good listening skills
B) bilingualism
C) an educational orientation
D) multicultural education

Question 35

Between 1970 and 1990, the rate of college completion of African American parents

A) decreased by about 100 percent.
B) increased by about 100 percent.
C) increased by about 200 percent.
D) increased by about 35 percent.

Question 36

The large-scale project of the Educational Testing Service (ETS) to look at educational achievement of 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds began in the late 1960s and continues today. Which of the following names is correct?

A) National Alliance for Education Planning (NAEP)
B) National Achievement of Testing Service (NATS)
C) National Alliance of Educational Achievement (NAEA)
D) National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

Question 37

Patty wants to help minority students achieve better scores in school. She really wants to make a significant difference in the lives of her students. You suggest that she _____________.

A) meet regularly with the students' parents
B) assign meaningful homework assignments
C) not assign a lot of homework
D) practice mentoring

Question 38

In looking at trends in educational attainment… the African American-white gap is centered on college completion rates; and the Hispanic-African American gap is

A) also centered on college completion rates.
B) evident even in high school graduation rates.
C) nonexistent.
D) closing quickly.

Question 39

Due to gender bias, a teacher might call on a boy more often in which of the following school subjects?

A) science
B) literature
C) foreign language
D) English

Question 40

One reason that the average score for males on mathematics sections of standardized tests is so much higher than females.

A) Males are smarter than females.
B) Females don't do well on standardized tests.
C) Males' scores are more variable.
D) Standardized tests are designed to give males a scoring advantage.

Question 41

Multicultural education became a buzzword during which decade?

A) 1990s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1960s

Question 42

Which of the following is an indication of bilingualism research?

A) Students should be separated into classes based on primary language.
B) A second language shouldn't be taught until the first one is learned.
C) Trying to teach a student in a language they aren't skilled in will only confuse them.
D) Children will more easily develop literacy skills in their native language than in a new language.

Question 43

A second language is taught in addition to a relatively well-developed first language.

A) ESOL
B) additive bilingualism
C) subtractive bilingualism
D) ESL

Question 44

Some researchers have found a difference in the use of language between different SES backgrounds. Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) Low SES children use language to focus on the future.
B) Low SES children use language more concretely.
C) Low SES children use language that is less descriptive and flowery.
D) Low SES children use language that is more simple and basic.

Question 45

Heath (1982) discovered that in a working-class community of African Americans in the southern United States, adults usually

A) talk in terms of stories.
B) expect their children to wait until called on and then to speak one at a time.
C) do not invite children to participate in group discussions.
D) shunned children's disruptions of conversation.

Question 46

Male-female differences in U.S. math achievement have _____________ recently.

A) increased
B) stabilized
C) risen steadily
D) declined

Question 47

The __________ is larger in females than it is in males suggesting that the brain hemispheres in females are better able to communicate than in males.

A) corpus callosum
B) frontal lobe
C) hippocampus
D) thalamus

Question 48

Sue is a high school math teacher. Her students perplex her, and you offer her help from the research concerning sex differences in mathematics scores. Which of the following statements from research would help Sue to understand her students?

A) Males are smarter than females.
B) Because of the variability in boys' math scores, they will be at the high-end extreme, and the low-end extreme while girls will stay in the middle.
C) Girls don't try hard enough in math class.
D) Because of the variability in girls' math scores, they will be at the high-end extreme and the low-end extreme, while boys will stay in the middle.

Question 49

Most students can become academically proficient in a second language within

A) 2 years
B) 4 years
C) 6 years
D) 8 years

Question 50

How much more likely is it that Ben, an average male, will pursue a career in math or science as opposed to Beth, an average female?

A) 6 to 8 times
B) 4 to 5
C) 1 to 2
D) It is no more likely that Ben will pursue a math or science career than will Beth.

Question 51

Elements of a second language replace elements of the first language.

A) ESOL
B) additive bilingualism
C) subtractive bilingualism
D) ESL

Question 52

Jamed is an immigrant enrolled in an American school. His education is provided in both languages-his native language and standard English. He is receiving which type of education?

A) ESOL
B) ESL
C) standard American
D) bilingual

Question 53

Ruth speaks English. However, when she visited a different region of the country, everyone laughed at her because of her speech. It was obvious that Ruth spoke with a different

A) standard.
B) encoding.
C) dialect.
D) informal grammar.

Question 54

What does your text state as the rationale for multicultural education?

A) Children from certain racial and ethnic groups tend to succeed more easily in typical schools.
B) The world is now in a global market.
C) American schools must emphasize a unique set of values.
D) European schools do a much better job in educating their children, and we should emulate some of those techniques.

Question 55

High levels of this during fetal life have been shown to increase spatial abilities in females.

A) alcohol
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) testosterone

Question 56

ESOL stands for:

A) English for speakers of other languages
B) English should be the only language
C) England should have other languages
D) English as a second language

Question 57

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Girls are more likely than boys to be diagnosed as hyperactive.
B) Girls score higher than boys in classroom grades in math.
C) Girls rate their math ability more highly than do boys.
D) Girls in elementary school are more likely to be confident of their success in math than are males.

Question 58

There are no consistent sex differences on most types of which of the following tests?

A) memory
B) verbal tasks
C) spatial tasks
D) quantitative tasks

Question 59

How long are most bilingual programs offered for each student?

A) 1 to 2 months
B) 1 to 2 years
C) 3 to 4 years
D) 5 to 6 years

Question 60

Students who speak two languages are said to be

A) linguistically biased.
B) multicultural.
C) bilingual.
D) trilingual.

Question 61

When a teacher is trying to demonstrate a multicultural perspective he/she should:

A) Assign boys to be the class leaders.
B) Question boys more often in math classes.
C) Ask students from non-dominant cultures how they celebrate holidays.
D) Call on females more frequently in language arts classes.

Question 62

According to the text, in order to teach multiculturally, you must first do which of the following?

A) Change your curriculum to be more group oriented.
B) Provide a variety of educational opportunities for your students.
C) Learn the language of your students.
D) Understand your students and their background.

Question 63

The Brideshead Index has traditionally been used by social scientists to give a score for a person's combined level of income and education.

Question 64

Culture is the socially communicated behaviors, beliefs, values, knowledge and other traits that characterize a particular time period or particular class community, or population of people.

Question 65

The social interactive style of some Asian American children might seem like a sign of detachment or lack of interest to children from other cultures.

Question 66

In roughly 40 years, the combined portion of African American, Asian American, Hispanic and Native American students will outnumber Caucasian students.

Question 67

Teachers can counteract some of the negative aspects of authoritarian parenting styles by allowing children more independence in the classroom.

Question 68

Sociocultural status is usually defined by psychologists as a measure of a person's social class level based on income and educational level.

Question 69

Bobby believes that all Chinese American students are very motivated to study, and that all boys perform better than girls in math. Bobby tends to do which of the following?

A) diversify
B) polarize
C) stereotype
D) identify

Question 70

When using a multicultural perspective you should make sure that you do NOT do which of the following?

A) Discuss openly the current political happenings in a particular group or culture.
B) Choose materials depicting people in activities or jobs that are diverse.
C) Use high-status individuals from various racial and ethnic groups.
D) Call on the males in your class more frequently than the females to make sure they are paying attention.

Question 71

Polly is a student from an affiliative culture, and is a student in one of your classes. She is having difficulty, and you are trying to find different methods of assessing her abilities. Which of the following is a way that you may NOT want to try?

A) Have her write a story about the subject.
B) Tape record a poem that she has written.
C) Give her a multiple choice test like the other students in the class.
D) Have her make up a game about the subject.

Question 72

In general, there are no differences in parenting styles between parents of lower socioeconomic class and middle socioeconomic class.

Question 73

Expert teachers help students compensate for resources by providing extra attention, challenges, and special feedback.

Question 74

Parents of which ethnic minority are more likely to believe that education will NOT lead to economic and employment opportunities?

A) Native Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Question 75

In 1994 approximately 48% of children under the age of 6 were being raised by a single parent. Most likely this single parenthood was caused by divorce.

Question 76

On average, compared to 50 years ago, families are larger due to increased desire to further the family name.

Question 77

Expert teachers should be prepared to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) accept that you will be asked to teach from a multicultural perspective.
B) work to familiarize yourself with a range of cultures.
C) learn to associate a difference in language with a difference in IQ.
D) accept diverse views in classroom discussions.

Question 78

Parents of which ethnic minority are more likely to believe that education is the key to success?

A) Native Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Question 79

If you were teaching in the native Hawaiian culture it would be best to do which of the following?

A) Praise the students as a whole group rather than praising an individual.
B) Do not praise anyone at all.
C) Praise individual students for their efforts.
D) Use competitive activities to motivate students to perform their best.

Question 80

Race can be defined as a local geographic or global human population believed to share genetically transmitted and biologically based traits and physical characteristics.