Deck 3: Cells: the Living Units

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

A) degrading worn- out or nonfunctional organelles
B) breaking down bone to release calcium ions into the blood
C) forming acid hydrolases which are necessary to help form cell membranes
D) digesting particles taken in by endocytosis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Caveolae are closely associated with all of the following except .

A) enzymes involved in cell regulation
B) lipid rafts
C) enzymes involved in cell metabolism
D) receptors for hormones

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A) forms a lipid bilayer
B) circulating antibody
C) molecular transport through the membrane
D) oxygen transport

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

A) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium- potassium pump.
B) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.
C) The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes.
D) The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ions.

Question 5

Mitosis .

A) creates diversity in genetic potential
B) is division of the nucleus
C) is the formation of sex cells
D) is always a part of the cell cycle

Question 6

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

A) a single- layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell
B) a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
C) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae
D) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma

Question 7

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) microtubule
B) melanin
C) lysosome
D) cilia

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

A) The lower the temperature, the faster the rate.
B) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate.
C) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
D) The rate is independent of temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
B) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
C) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.
D) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU.

Question 10

What moves cell organelles from one location to another inside a cell?

A) Motor proteins
B) Microfilaments
C) Microtubules
D) Intermediate filaments

Question 11

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

A) stereocilia
B) flagella
C) primary cilia
D) microvilli

Question 12

Passive membrane transport processes include _ .

A) consumption of ATP
B) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
C) movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low concentration
D) the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration

Question 13

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

A) special membrane junctions
B) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx
C) wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells
D) glycolipids in the glycocalyx

Question 14

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a
)

A) centrosome
B) centriole
C) ribosome
D) chromosome

Question 15

Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?

A) tight junctions
B) connexons
C) gap junctions
D) desmosomes

Question 16

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.
B) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged.
C) The phagocytized material is stored until further breakdown can occur..
D) A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein.

Question 17

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

A) messenger RNA
B) glycolipids
C) glycoproteins
D) phospholipids

Question 18

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in .

A) blood plasma
B) a hypertonic solution
C) an isotonic solution
D) a hypotonic solution

Question 19

Some hormones enter cells via _ _.

A) exocytosis
B) primary active transport
C) receptor- mediated endocytosis
D) pinocytosis

Question 20

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) mRNA codon.

A) AUG
B) UGA
C) TCG
D) UCG

Question 21

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

A) pinocytosis
B) receptor- mediated endocytosis
C) phagocytosis
D) secondary active transport

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) protein synthesis in conjunction with ribosomes
B) breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose
C) steroid- based hormone synthesis
D) lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis

Question 23

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in .

A) both smooth and rough ER
B) the cytoplasm
C) the smooth ER
D) the rough ER

Question 24

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

A) pinocytosis
B) exocytosis
C) intracellular vesicular trafficking
D) phagocytosis

Question 25

A gene can best be defined as .

A) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long
B) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
C) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
D) a three- base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid

Question 26

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

A) telophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) prophase

Question 27

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A) ACGTT
B) UGCAA
C) GUACC
D) TGCAA

Question 28

Peroxisomes _.

A) are also called microbodies, and contain acid hydrolases
B) sometimes function as secretory vesicles
C) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action
D) function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis

Question 29

The main component of the cytosol is _.

A) sugars
B) proteins
C) salts
D) water

Question 30

Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A) It encloses the cell contents in such a way that water I the body is divided into separate compartments.
B) It acts as a site of cell- to- cell interaction and recognition.
C) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.
D) It is selectively permeable but permits water and gases to cross.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"?

A) Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell.
B) Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes.
C) Second messengers act through receptors called K- proteins.
D) Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.

Question 32

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is _ .

A) true
B) false; proteins thus manufactured are for use inside the cell only
C) false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way
D) false; lipids, not proteins, are synthesized this way

Question 33

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

A) All proteins associated with the cell membrane are contained in a fluid layer on the outside of the cell.
B) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains.
C) The lipid bilayer is a solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell.
D) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water- soluble molecules.

Question 34

Mitochondria .

A) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell
B) are single- membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP
C) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function
D) are always the same shape

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a role of cell adhesion molecules:

A) anchor cells to molecules in the extracellular space and to each other
B) mechanical sensors
C) transmitters of intracellular signals that direct cell migration, proliferation, and specialization
D) initiators of cell- to- cell signaling for muscle contraction

Question 36

Which of the following does not serve as a signal for cell division?

A) loss of contact inhibition
B) shrinking surface- to- volume ratio
C) joining of cyclins and Cdks
D) repressor genes

Question 37

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

A) The cells will lose water and shrink.
B) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.
C) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition.
D) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

Question 38

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?

A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
B) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it.
C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it.
D) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

Question 39

The functions of centrioles include .

A) producing ATP
B) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division
C) serving as the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis
D) providing a whiplike beating motion to move substances along cell surfaces

Question 40

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to
)

A) specific codes from the DNA
B) the presence or absence of ubiquitins
C) specific tRNAs
D) changes in the environment

Question 41

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is
)

A) ssRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) tRNA

Question 42

The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called _ .

Question 43

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Water may move through membrane pores constructed by transmembrane proteins called
.

Question 44

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material.

Question 45

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
List possible causes of aging.

Question 46

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Polar region of phospholipid.

Question 47

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Source of cell autolysis.

Question 48

What major chemical is responsible for apoptosis?

Question 49

A red blood cell would swell if its surrounding solution were .

Question 50

Describe two important functions of the Golgi apparatus.

Question 51

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Replicate for cell division.

Question 52

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Peripheral protein.

Question 53

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.

Question 54

Why can we say that a cell without a nucleus will ultimately die?

Question 55

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
What processes maintain a steady state "resting" membrane potential?

Question 56

Explain the term genetic code. What does it code for? What are the letters of the code?

Question 57

A red blood cell placed in pure water would .

A) swell and burst
B) shrink
C) neither shrink nor swell
D) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached

Question 58

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Identification "tags" for the cell.

Question 59

is the division of the cytoplasmic mass into two parts.

Question 60

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
In all living cells hydrostatic and osmotic pressures exist. Define these pressures and explain how they are used in the concept of tonicity of the cell.

Question 61

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Forms the mitotic spindle.

Question 62

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis.

Question 63

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
What is the common route of entry for flu viruses into a cell?

Question 64

Briefly name the subphases of interphase and tell what they do.

Question 65

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
are hollow tubes made of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.

Question 66

What are cell exons and introns?

Question 67

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Are Brownian motion, diffusion, and osmosis seen only in living tissue?

Question 68

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
In order for the DNA molecule to get "short and fat" to become a chromosome, it must first wrap around small molecules called .

Question 69

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Why are free radicals so dangerous to cells, and how are they dealt with by the body?

Question 70

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The metabolic or growth phase of a cell life cycle is called .

Question 71

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Hydrophilic portion of phospholipid.

Question 72

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the .

Question 73

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Produces ATP aerobically.

Question 74

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Integral protein.

Question 75

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Hollow cylinders that connect plasma membranes composed of transmembrane protein are called .

Question 76

How is the resting potential formed? How is it maintained?

Question 77

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Glycocalyx.

Question 78

Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
What are lipid rafts? What are their functions?

Question 79

What are nucleolar organizer regions?

Question 80

Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Other than the nucleus, which organelle has its own DNA?