Deck 2: Chemistry Comes Alive

Question 1

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of .

A) cholesterol
B) glucose
C) glycogen
D) triglycerides

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the .

A) addition of a carbon atom between each two units
B) removal of a carbon atom between each two units
C) removal of a water molecule between each two units
D) addition of a water molecule between each two units

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

A) CH₄
B) NaOH
C) NaCl
D) H₂O

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

A) NaOH -Na+ + OH-
B) HCl + NaOH -NaCl + H₂O
C) HCl -H+ + Cl-
D) NH₃ + H+ -NH₄+2

Question 5

What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?

A) polypeptide
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) polysaccharide

Question 6

An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of electrons.

A) 13
B) 3
C) 17
D) 8

Question 7

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?

A) 3:1
B) 4:1
C) 2:1
D) 1:1

Question 8

Which of the following does not describe uses for the ATP molecule?

A) pigment structure
B) transport across membranes
C) mechanical work
D) chemical work

Question 9

Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?

A) structural proteins
B) regulatory proteins
C) catalytic proteins
D) molecular chaperones

Question 10

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

A) The molecular weight is 24.
B) The substance is a colloid.
C) There are 6 calcium, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
D) There are, 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.

Question 11

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

A) high heat of vaporization
B) polar solvent properties
C) high heat capacity
D) reactivity
E) cushioning

Question 12

is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Cortisol

Question 13

Stress proteins are a type of protein called _.

A) coenzymes
B) eicosanoids
C) cofactors
D) chaperones

Question 14

Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.

A) are cellular catalysts
B) are very stable and insoluble in water
C) are usually called enzymes
D) rarely exhibit secondary structure

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

A) salt water
B) rubbing alcohol
C) blood
D) cytoplasm

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?

A) temperature
B) time
C) concentration
D) particle size

Question 17

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

A) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
B) RNA is a long, single- stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
C) tDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA during protein synthesis.
D) DNA is a long, double- stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

Question 18

Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in human bodies.

A) H₂O + CO₂ to make H₂CO₃
B) ADP + Pi to make ATP
C) glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
D) glucose to CO₂ and H₂O

Question 19

The single most abundant protein in the body is _ _.

A) collagen
B) glucose
C) DNA
D) hemoglobin

Question 20

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

A) Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.
B) All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
C) Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
D) All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of electrons.

Question 21

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?

A) Na
B) I
C) Fe
D) P

Question 22

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

A) 37 electrons
B) 37 protons and 37 neutrons
C) 74 protons
D) 37 protons and 37 electrons

Question 23

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) reaction.

A) decomposition
B) reversible
C) synthesis
D) exchange

Question 24

Which of the following statements is false?

A) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.
B) The pH of blood is slightly basic.
C) When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt.
D) The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution.

Question 25

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have .

A) a high water content
B) long fatty acid chains
C) a high degree of unsaturated bonds
D) a high degree of saturated bonds

Question 26

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are .

A) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
C) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen
D) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium

Question 27

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

A) 2, 8
B) 2
C) 2, 8, 1
D) 2, 8, 8

Question 28

Which statement about enzymes is false?

A) Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.
B) Enzymes may use coenzymes derived from vitamins or cofactors from metallic elements.
C) Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
D) Enzymes have the ability to accelerate reactions as much as a billion- fold.

Question 29

What does CH₄ mean?

A) This was involved in a redox reaction.
B) There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
C) There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
D) This is an inorganic molecule.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?

A) promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
B) aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C) act as a platform for assembling primary protein structure
D) help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
E) prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains

Question 31

What is a dipole?

A) an organic molecule
B) a type of reaction
C) a polar molecule
D) a type of bond

Question 32

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves .

A) to bind the sugars to their bases
B) to hold the molecular backbone together
C) as nucleotides
D) as a code

Question 33

Choose the answer that best describes HCO₃- .

A) a weak acid
B) a bicarbonate ion
C) common in the liver
D) a proton donor

Question 34

The basic structural material of the body consists of .

A) Nucleic acids.
B) Lipids.
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins.

Question 35

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with .

A) a synthesis
B) forming a larger molecule
C) the release of energy
D) the consumption of energy

Question 36

Salts are always .

A) hydrogen bonded
B) ionic compounds
C) double covalent compounds
D) single covalent compounds

Question 37

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the .

A) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
B) arrangement of the histones
C) three- dimensional structure of the double helix
D) sequence of the nucleotides

Question 38

Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three- dimensional shape?

A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Carbon
D) Amino acid

Question 39

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) hydrogen
D) sodium

Question 40

Sucrose is a .

A) triglyceride
B) disaccharide
C) polysaccharide
D) monosaccharide

Question 41

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible. Comment on this statement.

Question 42

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?

A) Some enzymes are purely protein.
B) Each enzyme is chemically specific.
C) Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor.
D) Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.

Question 43

A chemical bond never occurs between components of a mixture. Discuss this.

Question 44

Name at least four things you know about enzymes.

Question 45

The chemical symbol O=O means _ .

A) the atoms are double bonded
B) this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons
C) zero equals zero
D) both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit

Question 46

What type of chemical bond can form between an element with 11 protons and an element with 17 protons?

Question 47

Molecules such as methane that are made of atoms that share electrons have bonds.

Question 48

What happens in redox reactions?

A) the organic substance that loses hydrogen is usually reduced
B) the electron acceptor is oxidized
C) the reaction is uniformly reversible
D) both decomposition and electron exchange occur

Question 49

What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) quaternary structure
D) tertiary structure

Question 50

What happens when globular proteins are denatured?

Question 51

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

A) 10
B) 5
C) 7
D) 3

Question 52

31) You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

A) suspension
B) colloid
C) mixture
D) solution

Question 53

AB -A + B is an example of a(n) reaction.

Question 54

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

A) They have both functional and structural roles in the body..
B) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.
C) Their function depends on their three- dimensional shape.
D) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
B) Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape.
C) Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
D) Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.

Question 56

What advantages does ATP have in being the energy currency molecule?

Question 57

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Tertiary (protein) structure

Question 58

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Functional protein

Question 59

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Which metals have a toxic effect on the body?

Question 60

Figure 2.2Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
Hydrogen bonds

Question 61

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Lipid

Question 62

What properties does water have that make it a very versatile fluid?

Question 63

The atomic number is equal to the number of _.

Question 64

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Are all chemical reactions reversible? If not, why aren't they all reversible?

Question 65

Protons and electrons exist in every atom nucleus except hydrogen. Is this statement true or false and why?

Question 66

Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy.

Question 67

Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
Deoxyribose sugar.

Question 68

Figure 2.2Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
Guanine

Question 69

Describe the factors that affect chemical reaction rates.

Question 70

If all protons, electrons, and neutrons are alike, regardless of the atom considered, what determines the unique properties of each element?

Question 71

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
An amino acid may act as a proton acceptor or donor. Explain.

Question 72

What does the polar end of a phospholipid contain?

Question 73

A holoenzyme is composed of an apoenzyme and a(n) .

Question 74

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?

Question 75

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Polymer

Question 76

Figure 2.2Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
Phosphate

Question 77

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
Monosaccharide

Question 78

Hydrogen bonds are more like a type of weak than true bonds.

Question 79

Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
In a DNA molecule, guanine would connect to .

Question 80

In the compound H₂CO₃, what do the numbers 2 and 3 represent?