Deck 3: Ecology of the Family

Question 1

An analysis of studies on children in joint physical or legal custody showed these children were _________ adjusted than children in sole-custody settings.

A) More poorly
B) Better
C) No answers are correct; children in joint custody and sole-custody were similar in terms of adjustment
D) No answers are correct; Joint custody no longer exists in the U.S.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One of the most common unrealistic expectations of blended families is

A) Lack of love.
B) Instant love.
C) Lack of jealously.
D) Changing their place of residence.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Research finds children who have mothers employed outside the home have

A) Less stereotyped views of gender roles.
B) Less disposable income.
C) The same models for the mothering role as children whose mothers stay home.
D) More stereotyped views of gender roles.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An increasing number of children are being raised by relatives other than their parents. The most common of these arrangements is children being raised by

A) Grandparents.
B) Older siblings.
C) Aunts and uncles.
D) Neighbors.

Question 5

Caring and involvement toward one another is an example of which function of the family?

A) Nurturance/emotional support
B) Economic support
C) Assignment of social roles
D) Authority

Question 6

Compared to research examining single parent mothers, _________ research has been done on children being raised by single-parent fathers.

A) Little
B) More longitudinal (research over time)
C) Much
D) More comprehensive

Question 7

One serious long-term effect of divorce is thought to be

A) Too many role models for the children.
B) Too many siblings and step-siblings.
C) The lack of or removal of models showing what the marriage role is like.
D) Too much time with either parent.

Question 8

Which children are most likely to blame themselves for their parents' divorce?

A) Infants
B) Preschool-aged children
C) Adolescent children
D) Adult children

Question 9

From an historical perspective (preindustrial times up to today), which of the following best describes changes in the role of children?

A) Economic asset to economic liability
B) Economic liability to economic asset
C) Pupils of school to pupils of life
D) Cooperative to responsible

Question 10

The estimated divorce rate for second marriages is

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 11

Great Britain's royal family is an example of a/an _________.

A) Transitional family
B) Matriarchal family
C) Patriarchal family
D) Egalitarian family

Question 12

Keisha's family consists of her mother, her father, and Keisha. For Keisha, this is her family of

A) Orientation.
B) Extension.
C) Procreation.
D) Childbearing.

Question 13

Binuclear families differ from joint custody families in that

A) Not all binuclear families have joint custody.
B) In the binuclear family, children are always part of two or more households.
C) Both answers are correct.
D) No answers are correct; Binuclear and joint custody families are always the same thing.

Question 14

Jennifer just got a divorce. She is expected to experience

A) Economic strain.
B) Physical strain.
C) Emotional strain.
D) All of these.

Question 15

According to your text, the technical definition of marriage is

A) A legal contract with certain rights and obligations.
B) A contract with certain rights and responsibilities that is not legally binding.
C) A system of informal and formal social supports.
D) A relationship between two consenting adults.

Question 16

In which stepfamily would we expect to see children with the most behavior problems?

A) Stepfamily with children from dad's previous marriage
B) Stepfamily with children from mom's previous marriage
C) Stepfamily with no children
D) Stepfamily with children from both mom's previous marriage and dad's previous marriage

Question 17

A common problem found in dual-earner families is

A) Lack of spousal support.
B) Role overload.
C) Lack of multiple roles.
D) Lack of role models for the children.

Question 18

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends adoptive parents do what?

A) Tell the adopted child about the adoption in a way the child can understand based on age and maturity.
B) Keep the fact that the child was adopted a secret.
C) At about age eighteen, initiate the first discussion of adoption with the adopted child.
D) Tell an adopted child everything they can as soon as possible after the adoption.

Question 19

Because of the changing nature of families, the U.S. Bureau of the Census no longer provides statistics on the number of children residing in

A) Single-parent families.
B) Stepfamilies.
C) Urban areas.
D) Poverty.

Question 20

Adoptive children may

A) Create fantasies about their birth parents.
B) Deny they were adopted.
C) Believe they did something bad to be sent away from the biological parent.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 21

Empowerment refers to

A) Enabling individuals to have control over resources affecting them.
B) Voting for one candidate over another.
C) Any demand that exceeds a person's ability to cope.
D) Taking control away from families.

Question 22

Which of the following is not one of Kluckhohn's (1961) five basic questions?

A) How do humans relate to each other?
B) What is the valued personality type?
C) What is the relationship of humans to nature?
D) What is the value of money?

Question 23

Economic changes such as downsizing and layoffs are likely to result in

A) More parental affection to children.
B) More effective disciplinary interactions between parents and children.
C) Increased parental stress.
D) Better overall family relations.

Question 24

Rules, patterns, or standards that express cultural values and reflect how individuals are supposed to behave are called

A) Norms.
B) Orientations.
C) Values.
D) Skills.

Question 25

Individuals at the "bottom" of the social structure who perceive themselves as having little chance of ever escaping poverty would be classified as members of the

A) Upper-middle class.
B) Lower-middle class.
C) Upper-working class.
D) Underclass.

Question 26

Which of the following is true?

A) Social class membership begins exerting an influence only in the elementary school years.
B) Social class membership begins exerting its influence before birth.
C) Social class affects individual outcome(s) only during the adult working years.
D) Social class has little effect on individual outcome(s).

Question 27

The group that values associative, practical, objective and formal interpersonal relationships is

A) Gesellchaft.
B) Collectivistic.
C) Gemeinschaft.
D) Individualistic.

Question 28

One difference between a traditional and modern societies is

A) The traditional society looks to the past for ways to behave; a modern society looks to the present.
B) A modern society values its elders; the traditional society does not.
C) Traditional societies tend to use achieved status; Modern societies do not.
D) None; Traditional and modern societies are the same.

Question 29

The theory that supports that it is the parents' genes rather than socioeconomic status that ultimately influences the life experiences of the children is

A) The Social Selection Theoretical Model of Socioeconomics.
B) The Bioecological Theory.
C) The Social Causation Theoretical Model of Socioeconomics
D) Erikson's Psychosocial Theory.

Question 30

Edwin and Lavonne area typical, hard-working family in the United States. Edwin owns a small business and Lavonne stays home with the children. They both value achievement, respect, and having harmonious interpersonal relationships within their family. Based on this description, Edwin and Lavonne would be classified as

A) Upper class.
B) Lower-middle class.
C) Lower class.
D) Underclass.

Question 31

Oakes and Rossi (2003) proposed that socioeconomic status can be defined in terms of all of the following except:

A) Material capital.
B) Human capital.
C) Cognitive capital.
D) Social capital.

Question 32

The term "religion" refers to

A) A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
B) A belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, and productivity.
C) Any demand that exceeds a person's ability to cope.
D) A group of individuals related by blood or marriage.

Question 33

Youth Build, a program in which adolescents build and renovate low-cost housing, is thought to be successful because of its

A) Caring staff.
B) Commitment of the staff.
C) Sense of family and community among members.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 34

Disease, overexertion, allergies, and abuse are examples of _________ stressors.

A) Physical
B) Sociocultural
C) Psychological
D) Religious

Question 35

Social status that is determined by family lineage, gender, birth order or skin color is called

A) Ascribed status.
B) Achieved status.
C) Traditional status.
D) New status.

Question 36

In Colonial times, families were

A) Patriarchal and extended.
B) Matriarchal and extended.
C) Patriarchal and geographically separated.
D) Egalitarian.

Question 37

According to Fontana (2003), religion influences socialization by

A) Motivating people to behave morally.
B) Offering techniques through which individuals can find psychological comfort.
C) Causing individuals to ponder life's purpose.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 38

The structure and syntax of language used by the upper-middle class is _________ than that used by the lower class.

A) More simple
B) More complex
C) More rigid
D) No answers are correct

Question 39

Which of the following best characterizes changes in the role of fatherhood over historical time?

A) Economic provider to carer/nurturer
B) Patriarchal to matriarchal
C) More involved to less involved
D) Caregiver to worker

Question 40

Upper-class parents tend to emphasize _________.

A) Not being a nuisance
B) Meeting the high expectations of past family achievements
C) Reasoning
D) All answers are correct

Question 41

Joint _________ custody divides decision-making authority for the child between the divorcing parents.

Question 42

The family ensures that the society's population will be maintained. This an example which function of a family? _________

Question 43

Parents of children in interethnic families must enable their children to form a sense of _________________.

Question 44

Socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, and religious orientation are all examples of how which of Bronfenbrenner's systems can affect socialization? _________

Question 45

Most divorces occur within the first _________ years of first marriage.

Question 46

Any two or more related people living in one household is called a _________.

Question 47

After ___________years, stepfamilies are as stable as married families of the same duration.

Question 48

As a result of the growing prevalence of _______________, the number of children born to unmarried parents has also increased.

Question 49

About __________times as many children live with mothers as compared to fathers.

Question 50

The most common kind of kin custody is children being raised by _________.

Question 51

In Ken's family, the children are part of two homes and two family groups. Ken's family would be termed _________.

Question 52

Education, occupation, and income are all examples of _________ status.

Question 53

Preschool-age children's ______________ was found to be affected by divorce.

Question 54

A family in which the father has formal authority and power is termed _________.

Question 55

_________ refers to a family in which both sides of the extended family are regarded as equal.

Question 56

Which is the family that includes relatives of the nuclear family who are economically and emotionally dependent on each other? The _________ family.

Question 57

The family that develops when one marries and has children is called the family of _________.

Question 58

In _________ societies, behavior is often based on customs handed down from past generations,

Question 59

Many homosexual parents fear they will lose _________ if their sexual orientation is known to those outside the family.

Question 60

One's rank or position within a society, based on social and economic factors is called one's _________.

Question 61

The idea that parents' genes, rather than socioeconomic status, ultimately influences children's life experiences is called the _________ perspective.

Question 62

Describe recent changes in sociopolitical, economic, and technological areas, and how these impact families and children.

Question 63

Provide an overview of stressors for children as they relate to the stepfamily experience.

Question 64

Using the categories proposed in your text, compare and contrast a majority cultural orientation to a minority cultural orientation. Focus your discussion on differences and/or similarities in interpersonal, time, personality, and value traits as well as ideas about the relationship between individuals and nature.

Question 65

Families that have inherited wealth are typically found in the _________ class.

Question 66

Personal reactions to real or imagined threats are an example of a _________ stressor.

Question 67

Kathy has money and work issues that are beyond her ability to cope. Kathy's issues would be termed _________.

Question 68

Comparer a preschooler's experience of divorce with that of an adolescent.

Question 69

Compare and contrast the social roles of wife/mother to those of husband/father.

Question 70

Mary is recently widowed and thinking about joining a church. Describe the kinds of things religion might provide for Mary.

Question 71

A belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, efficiency, personal responsibility, and productivity is _________.

Question 72

Describe how family interactions vary by socioeconomic status. Include in your discussion the difference between ascribed and achieved status, as well as differences in opportunity across socioeconomic groups.

Question 73

Danny and Mei have a functional family. Describe five characteristics from your text which help classify them as functional.

Question 74

Unemployment influences parental stress in what direction? _________

Question 75

The financial resources the parent provides for the child's well-being is an example of _________ capital.

Question 76

Imagine you are called to testify in court on behalf of a child whose parents are petitioning for a divorce. You are asked to describe how divorce will affect the child. Based on your readings, report what you will say about the various factors that influence child outcome in divorce.

Question 77

Describe how the economic support function of a family is different from the nurturance/emotional support function of a family. Write a persuasive argument detailing why one or the other is more important.