Deck 4: Requirements Modeling

Question 1

All of the following are categories of system requirements EXCEPT ____.

A) outputs
B) dynamics
C) performance
D) controls

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A(n) ____ is a UML technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.

A) TCO
B) data schematic
C) use case diagram
D) user-based flowchart

Answer 2

C

Question 3

____ enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution.

A) Analytical skills
B) Artistic skills
C) Interpersonal skills
D) Confrontational skills

Answer 3

A

Question 4

RAD relies heavily on ____.

A) prototyping
B) user involvement
C) agile methods
D) both a and b

Question 5

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category.

A) The customer analysis system must produce a quarterly report that identifies changes in ordering patterns
B) The system must maintain separate levels of security for users and the system administrator
C) The data entry screens must be uniform, except for background color, which can be changed by the user
D) The warehouse distribution system must analyze daily orders and create a routing pattern for delivery trucks

Question 6

The primary advantage of RAD is that ____.

A) systems can be developed more quickly with significant cost savings
B) the company's strategic business needs are emphasized and the mechanics of the system are not stressed
C) the decelerated time cycle allows more time to develop quality, consistency, and design standards
D) all of the above

Question 7

Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in ____.

A) poorer communication
B) more satisfied users
C) slower development times
D) both b and c

Question 8

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the output category.

A) Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID cards into data collection terminals that record labor costs
B) The contact management system must generate a daily reminder list for all sales reps
C) The student records system must allow record access by either the student name or the student number
D) The system must support 25 users simultaneously

Question 9

A(n) ____ is a top-down representation of a function or a process.

A) UML
B) TCO
C) FDD
D) REJ

Question 10

One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is ____ modeling, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification requirements for the new system.

A) objective
B) requirements
C) goal-based
D) user-based

Question 11

____ are especially important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively.

A) Analytical skills
B) Artistic skills
C) Interpersonal skills
D) Confrontational skills

Question 12

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category.

A) The purchasing system must provide suppliers with up-to-date specifications
B) Each input form must include date, time, product code, customer number, and quantity
C) The manager of the sales department must approve orders that exceed a customer's credit limit
D) The student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration

Question 13

In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) ____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system.

A) agent
B) actor
C) interlocutor
D) master

Question 14

In a(n) ____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives.

A) dodge
B) resequencing
C) scrum
D) adaptation

Question 15

The ____ phase of the SDLC includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies.

A) systems planning
B) systems analysis
C) systems design
D) systems implementation

Question 16

A(n) ____ diagram shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur.

A) timing
B) ordering
C) orientation
D) sequence

Question 17

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category.

A) The Web site must report online volume statistics every four hours and hourly during peak periods
B) The system must be operated seven days a week, 365 days a year
C) The video rental system must not execute new rental transactions for customers who have overdue tapes
D) All transactions must have audit trails

Question 18

Using a(n) ____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.

A) UML
B) TCO
C) FDD
D) REJ

Question 19

The ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design.

A) UML
B) TCO
C) FDD
D) REJ

Question 20

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the input category.

A) As a final step in year-end processing, the payroll system must update employee salaries, bonuses, and benefits
B) Response time must not exceed four seconds
C) The system must provide log-on security at the operating system level and at the application level
D) Student grades must be entered on machine-scannable forms prepared by the instructor

Question 21

A ____, such as Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Organizer, can help manage meetings, interviews, appointments, and deadlines and provide a personal calendar and a to-do list, with priorities and the capability to check off completed items.

A) PIM
B) laptop
C) PDA
D) Visio

Question 22

In an interview, ____ limit or restrict the response.

A) open-ended questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 23

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select every tenth customer for review.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample

Question 24

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select any 20 customers.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample

Question 25

In an interview, ____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.

A) open-ended questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 26

In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, can be a valuable tool.

A) interview
B) questionnaire
C) sample
D) research report

Question 27

In addition to direct costs, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the ____.

A) TCO
B) REJ
C) FDD
D) UML

Question 28

A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a(n) ____.

A) flowchart
B) histogram
C) agile method
D) Venn diagram

Question 29

To evaluate ____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.

A) scalability
B) reliability
C) compatibility
D) applicability

Question 30

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample

Question 31

The term ____ refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future.

A) scalability
B) reliability
C) compatibility
D) applicability

Question 32

Wireless capability allows all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A) Web access
B) synchronization with office networks
C) random sampling
D) streaming multimedia

Question 33

Microsoft has developed a method for measuring a system's total costs and benefits, called ____, which is a framework to help IT professionals analyze and optimize IT investments.

A) TCO
B) REJ
C) FDD
D) UML

Question 34

The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which includes ____.

A) a brief statement of purpose
B) the name and telephone number of the contact person
C) the deadline date for completion and how and where to return the form
D) all of the above

Question 35

Some ____, which are enormously popular handheld computers, can accept handwritten input, while others have small keyboards.

A) PIMs
B) laptops
C) PDAs
D) Visios

Question 36

In an interview, ____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale.

A) open-ended questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 37

If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should do all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A) switch to closed-ended questions
B) give the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C) try rephrasing open-ended questions into those types of questions
D) switch to questions with a range of responses

Question 38

When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called ____.

A) stratification
B) randomization
C) indexing
D) sampling

Question 39

In a(n) ____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

A) spontaneous
B) unstructured
C) informal
D) open-ended

Question 40

Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it ____.

A) makes the interviewee feel comfortable during the meeting
B) gives the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C) keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
D) all of the above

Question 41

The main objective of all RAD approaches is to extend development time and expense by excluding users from every phase of systems development.

Question 42

Each activity within the systems analysis phase has an end product and one or more milestones.

Question 43

Compared with traditional methods, the entire RAD process is expanded and, as a result, the new system is built, delivered, and placed in operation much later.

Question 44

When recording and documenting information, ____ can create reports, summaries, tables, and forms.

A) Microsoft Word
B) Microsoft Outlook
C) Corel WordPerfect
D) OpenOffice.org Writer

Question 45

The personal interview usually is the least expensive fact-finding technique. _________________________

Question 46

Because it is linked to a specific development methodology, systems developers use JAD whenever group input and interaction is not desired.

Question 47

When preparing a checklist of specific tasks to observe and questions to ask, a systems analyst should consider ____.

A) asking sufficient questions to ensure a complete understanding of the present system operation
B) observing all steps in a transaction and noting the documents, inputs, outputs, and processes involved
C) talking to the people who receive current reports to see whether the reports are complete, timely, accurate, and in a useful form
D) examining each form, record, and report

Question 48

System requirements serve as benchmarks to measure the overall acceptability of a finished system.

Question 49

A graphic modeling program allows you to manage details of a complex project, create queries to retrieve specific information, and generate custom reports. _________________________

Question 50

System requirements fall into five general categories: outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls.

Question 51

Because use cases depict a system through the eyes of a user, common business language can be used to describe the transactions.

Question 52

JAD provides a fast-track approach to a full spectrum of system development tasks, including planning, design, construction, and implementation. _________________________

Question 53

When recording facts, a systems analyst should document the work by ____.

A) recording information as soon as it is obtained
B) recording findings in such a way that they can be understood by someone else
C) organizing documentation so related material is located easily
D) using the most complex recording method possible

Question 54

In a sequence diagram, vertical arrows represent messages from one object to another. _________________________

Question 55

When designing a questionnaire, all of the following are ideas to keep in mind: ____.

A) providing clear instructions that will answer all anticipated questions
B) arranging questions in a logical order
C) trying to lead the response or use questions that give clues to expected answers
D) phrasing all questions to avoid misunderstandings, and use simple terms and wording

Question 56

IT professionals recognize that successful systems must be user-oriented, and users need to be involved, formally or informally, at every stage of systems development.

Question 57

In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also perform fact-finding for systems analysts.

Question 58

Compared with traditional methods, when properly used, JAD can result in ____.

A) less expense and greater manageability if the group is too large
B) more accurate statement of system requirements
C) better understanding of common goals
D) stronger commitment to the success of the new system

Question 59

Because of the limited range of input and interaction among participants, few companies believe that a JAD group produces the best definition of a new system.

Question 60

An agile approach emphasizes continuous feedback, and each incremental step is affected by what was learned in the prior steps. _________________________

Question 61

Knowledge of a company's formal and informal structures helps a systems analyst determine the people to interview during the systems analysis phase.

Question 62

Although taking notes during an interview has both advantages and disadvantages, the accepted view is that note taking should be extensive.

Question 63

Creating a standard list of interview questions helps a systems analyst to keep on track and avoid unnecessary tangents.

Question 64

Personal observation allows a systems analyst to verify statements made in interviews and determine whether procedures really operate as they are described.

Question 65

In addition to joint application development, another popular user-oriented method is ____________________, which resembles a condensed version of the entire SDLC with users involved every step of the way.

Question 66

When designing a questionnaire, arrange questions in a random order, intermixing simple and more complex topics.

Question 67

A list of topics should be sent to an interviewee several days before the meeting, especially when detailed information is needed, so the person can prepare for the interview and minimize the need for a follow-up meeting.

Question 68

A single site visit usually gives true pictures, so it is unnecessary to visit more than one installation.

Question 69

A common technique that allows users to participate in various development tasks is called ____________________, which is a user-oriented technique for fact-finding and requirements modeling.

Question 70

When conducting an interview, after asking a question, allow the person enough time to think about the question and arrive at an answer.

Question 71

System documentation always is up to date.

Question 72

When fact-finding, asking what is being done is the same as asking what could or should be done.

Question 73

When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further fact-finding.

Question 74

In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-finding process continues, the interviews are more general.

Question 75

The ability to manage information is the mark of a successful systems analyst and an important skill for all IT professionals.

Question 76

The deliverable, or end product, of the systems analysis phase is a(n) ____________________, which is an overall design for the new system.

Question 77

In the RAD model in the accompanying figure, during the ____________________ phase users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.

Question 78

The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately.

Question 79

In the RAD model in the accompanying figure, the ____________________ phase combines elements of the systems planning and systems analysis phases of the SDLC.

Question 80

Before publishing a form on the Internet or a company intranet, a systems analyst should protect it so users can change the layout or design but cannot fill it in.