Deck 8: Water and Minerals

Question 1

(LO 8.4) The best way to control salt intake is to cut down on processed and fasoods.

Answer 1

Sodium is essential for various metabolic activities in the body. Its deficiency leads to serious disorders including non-functioning of nervous system. But, it does equal harm when consumed in excess. Simple salt is an unavoidable part of daily food. The amount consumed depends on the kind of food items.
Fresh meat, fresh vegetable, grains, contain 0 to 70mg of sodium. Whereas processed food contain 100 to 800 mg of sodium per serving. Highly processed food contain even higher amount of sodium. Items like canned soup have 1500mg per serving. So, the best way to control salt intake is to cut down fast food and processed food. Hence, the statement is .

Question 2

Osteoporosis occurs during the late years of life; however, it is a disease that develops while one is young. Compose a plan outlining what you can do now to prevent bone loss later in life.

Answer 2

Osteoporosis occurs during the late years of life. However it is a disease that develops while one is young. For the formation of bone the matrix contain a lot of strong collagen protein fibers. The crystals of calcium phosphate deposited on these protein fibers. Protein fibers give rigidity to the bone. Bone once formed does not remain intact. It keeps changing by giving out its calcium content for various activities like clotting of blood, muscular contraction etc. Withdrawal and re-depositing mineral in the bone takes place throughout the life.
More calcium gets deposited to replace the loss. If calcium is not available for replacing the lost content the bone will lose its density. When more mineral calcium is released from the bone for different activities of the body and intake is much less than the amount released, bones become weak and fragile. This is called osteoporosis.
Therefore, continuous intake of calcium in diet is essential. It is necessary to take calcium rich diet to save the bones from this condition. But along with this calcium and phosphorous, protein is also important. The absorption of calcium gets reduced after 30 years. Thus all efforts should be taken to consume calcium rich food from very early age.
The following routine may help to prevent osteoporosis.
• Develop the habit of drinking a glass of milk daily.
• Include milk products like curd, homemade cheese, Ice cream, etc in the diet daily.
• Increase the intake of these food items rich in calcium like broccoli, turnip, fish, meat etc.
• Add pulses and green vegetables in your diet to assist in the absorption and deposit of calcium in the bones.
• Avoid habits like smoking, alcoholism and taking fast food.
• Adopt an active life style

Question 3

(LO 8.5) The top food sources of zinc include

A) grapes.
B) unleavened bread.
C) shellfish.
D) potato.

Answer 3

Zinc is essential for the synthesis of certain hormones and functioning of many enzymes. It is important for the formation of DNA and protein. Development of fetus needs Zn. It is present in the body in traces. Children may have retarded growth in the deficiency of zinc. This mineral is available in food items like meat, fish, grains and yogurt. Grapes are not a rich source of Zn. So option (a) is incorrect.
Unleavened bread is produced without using any leavening agent. It is not soft like the leavened bread. Bread is prepared from grains. It may contain the mineral but it is not good source of Zn. So option (b) is incorrect.
Potato is a starchy food. It is a calorie giving food.It is not rich source of Zn. So option (d) is incorrect.
Shellfish is a rich source of Zinc and iron. Zn is available in meat, grains and yogurt also. Hence, correct option is .

Question 4

Beverage consumption represents _____________.

A) 19 percent of a young woman's daily calorie intake
B) 7 percent of a young woman's daily calorie intake
C) an insignificant amount of a young woman's daily calorie intake

Question 5

(LO 8.5) A deficiency of which mineral is a leading cause of mental retardation worldwide

A) iron
B) iodine
C) zinc
D) chromium

Question 6

(LO 8.1) Water balance is governed by the __________.

A) liver
B) kidneys
C) brain
D) b and c

Question 7

(LO 8.5) Which of these mineral supplements can easily cause accidental poisoning in children

A) iron
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) potassium

Question 8

Outline the foods you will eat (including quantities) that will provide the recommended RDA for calcium. List lifestyle factors that you can follow to boost your bone density.

Question 9

(LO 8.5) The most abundant mineral in the body is iron.

Question 10

When choosing a beverage, one should ___________.

A) read the label carefully, especially noting the number of servings in the container and the calories per serving
B) consider how a beverage's calories fit into the day's calorie needs
C) consider ingredients in addition to water supplied by the beverage
D) all of the above

Question 11

(LO 8.5) The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends fluoride-free water for the U.S. population.

Question 12

(LO 8.1) Water intoxication cannot occur because water is so easily excreted by the body.

Question 13

(LO 8.6) Dairy foods such as butter, cream, and cream cheese are good sources of calcium, whereas vegetables such as broccoli are poor sources.

Question 14

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend__________.

A) drinking water, plain or lightly flavored, to quench thirst
B) staying hydrated with plenty of regular soft drinks, sweet tea, creamy coffee drinks, punches
C) drinking plain tea, coffee, nonfat and low-fat milk and soy milk, artificially sweetened beverages, clear soups, and 100 percenruit and vegetable juices, in addition to water
D) a and c

Question 15

(LO 8.6) Children who don't drink milk often have lower bone density than than those who do.

Question 16

(LO 8.2) Water from public water systems

A) requires frequent home testing for microorganisms.
B) is less healthful than bottled water.
C) is disinfected to kill most microorganisms.
D) is less healthful than private well water.

Question 17

(LO 8.7) Trabecular bone readily gives up its minerals whenever blood calcium needs replenishing.

Question 18

(LO 8.2) On average, young men in the United States obtain ____________ percent of their calories from beverages.

A) 12
B) 22
C) 32
D) 42

Question 19

(LO 8.7) Too little __________ in the diet is associated with osteoporosis.

A) vitamin B 12
B) protein
C) sodium
D) niacin

Question 20

(LO 8.2) Whether from the tap or from a bottle, all water comes from the same sources.

Question 21

(LO 8.3) To temporarily increase the body's water content, a person need only

A) consume extra salt.
B) consume extra sugar.
C) take a diuretic.
D) consume extra potassium.

Question 22

(LO 8.3) Vomiting or diarrhea

A) causes fluid to be pulled from between the cells in every part of the body.
B) causes fluid to leave the cell interiors.
C) causes kidneys to raise the sodium concentration outside the cells.
D) all of the above.

Question 23

(LO 8.4) Which two minerals are the major constituents of bone

A) calcium and zinc
B) sodium and magnesium
C) phosphorus and calcium
D) magnesium and calcium

Question 24

(LO 8.4) Magnesium

A) assists in the operation of enzymes.
B) is needed for the release and use of energy.
C) is critical to normal hearunction.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

(LO 8.4) After about 50 years of age, bones begin to lose density.