Deck 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

Diets with sufficient protein may provide more satiety than diets that are low in protein.

Answer 1

The composition of a meal seems to affect satiation and satiety. Of the three energy-yielding nutrients, protein seems to have the greatest satiating effect during a meal. Therefore, including some protein in a meal -even a glass of milk-can improve satiation and possibly even decrease energy intake at the next meal.
Many carbohydrate-rich foods, contribute to satiety by holding blood glucose and insulin steady between meals, minimizing dips in blood glucose that are sensed by the brain. Thus the given statement is .

Question 2

The number of calories to curom the diet to produce weight loss should be based on

A) the amount of weight the person wishes to lose.
B) the person's BMI.
C) the amount of food the person wishes to consume.
D) the RDA for energy for the person's gender and age.

Answer 2

A person wishing to know how much energy he or she needs in a day to maintain weight might look up his or her Estimated energy requirement (EER) value listed on the inside front cover of this book. The number listed there seem to imply that for each age and gender group, the number of calories needed to meet the daily requirement is known as recommended intake of Vitamin A. Therefore option (d) is incorrect option.
Recent research suggests that the number of calories required to lose a pound of weight may increase as weight loss progresses. Body weight lost early in dieting may be composed of a greater percentage of water and lean tissue, which contains fewer calories per pound, as compared with later losses. Hence option (a) is not correct.
Most dieters can lose weight safely on an eating pattern providing approximately 1,000 to 1,200 calories per day for women and 1,200 to 1,600 calories per day for men, while still meeting nutrient needs. Thus option (c) is also incorrect.
Nutrition professionals often use an overweight person's BMI to calculate the number of calories to cut from diet. Hence, correct option is .

Question 3

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct

A) The greater a person's age, the higher the BMR.
B) The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR.
C) Fever lowers the BMR.
D) Pregnancy lowers the BMR.

Answer 3

The body ends up with an unbalanced energy budget- you have taken time in more or less food energy than you spent over time. The body's energy budget works somewhat like a cash budget that grows and dwindles in proportion to the flow of currency. The body metabolic rate (BMR) is higher in youth, as lean body mass declines with age, the BMR slows. Physical activity may prevent some of his decline. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
There are many factors that affect the BMR. One of them is that fever raises the BMR. Therefore, option (c) is also incorrect.
For a woman starting pregnancy, the outcome may be compromised if she begins with too much or too little body fat. Therefore option (d) is incorrect.
The thyroid hormone thyroxin is a key BMR regulator, the more thyroxin production; the higher will be the BMR. Thus, the correct option is .

Question 4

Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except

A) continue to employ many of the routines that reduced their weight in the first place.
B) obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books.
C) reward themselves for sticking with their plan.
D) monitor their weight and routine.

Question 5

The BMI standard is an excellent tool for evaluating obesity in athletes and the elderly.

Question 6

Adolescents are likely to grow out of early disordered eating behaviors by young adulthood.

Question 7

The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure.

Question 8

Body fat can be assessed by which of the following techniques

A) a blood lipid test
B) chest circumference
C) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
D) all of the above

Question 9

BMI is of limited value for

A) athletes.
B) pregnant and lactating women.
C) adults older than age 65.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is made by the__________.

A) brain
B) fat tissue
C) pancreas
D) stomach

Question 11

When the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called________.

A) satiation
B) ghrelin
C) adaptation
D) none of the above

Question 12

Brown adipose tissue_________.

A) develops during starvation
B) is a well-known heat-generating tissue
C) develops as fat cells die off
D) all of the above

Question 13

According to genomic researchers, a single inherited gene is the probable cause of common obesity.

Question 14

Eating disorders are common only in cultures where extreme thinness is an ideal. Who in society do you think sets such ideals How are these ideals conveyed to others Suggest some steps that schools, parents, and other influential adults might take to help to minimize the impact of idealized body types on children as they develop their own self-images.

Question 15

In many people, any kind of stress can cause overeating and weight gain.

Question 16

A diet book that addresses eicosanoids and adipokines can be relied upon to reflect current scholarship in nutrition science and provide effective weight-loss advice.

Question 17

A bull environment can support physical with

A) safe biking and walking lanes.
B) public parks.
C) free exercise facilities.
D) all of the above.

Question 18

All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except_______.

A) respiratory problems
B) sleep apnea
C) gallbladder disease
D) low blood lipids

Question 19

Which of the following is a physical consequence of fasting

A) loss of lean body tissues
B) lasting weight loss
C) body cleansing
D) all of the above

Question 20

Form a small group. Each member of the group gives an example of a role model that he or she would like to emulate. This can be, for example, a teacher, athlete, movie star, or scientist, among others. State all of the reasons for choosing this person as a role model. Now talk about the body type of each role model. Would you like to achieve that body type Is it possible to do so Of all the role models discussed in your group, which role model do yo u believe is the healthiest and why

Question 21

The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel.

Question 22

Calorie deficit is no longer the primary strategy for weight management.

Question 23

A diet too low in carbohydrate brings about responses that are similar to fasting.

Question 24

Today, an estimated 68 percent of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese.

Question 25

Efforts in all of the following realms are necessary for weight change:

A) eating patterns, physical activity, and behavior modification
B) eating patterns, physical activity, and carbohydrate control
C) carbohydrate control, physical activity, and behavior modification
D) eating patterns, physical activity, and psychotherapy