Deck 10: Personality

Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Question
In the United States, _____ have a more _____ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.

A)females but not males; negative
B)males but not females; negative
C)both males and females; positive
D)both males and females; negative
Use Space or
up arrow
down arrow
to flip the card.
Question
Psychologists are often reluctant to point out gender differences that have been substantiated by scientific research.Your textbook suggests that the reason for this reluctance is that:

A)people may mistakenly equate a gender difference with a gender deficiency.
B)psychologists are skeptical of any research that finds gender differences.
C)psychologists want to protect the public from any findings that might challenge cultural norms about gender differences.
D)when gender differences are discovered, they are invariably due to genetic factors and because these cannot be changed by social and cultural factors, psychologists are reluctant to talk about them.
Question
_____ refers to the direction of a person's emotional and erotic attraction toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes.

A)Gender
B)Gender role
C)Gender identity
D)Sexual orientation
Question
The biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and inreproductive anatomy and functions is referred to as:

A)gender.
B)sex.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender identity.
Question
This table shows the results of cross-cultural research on the characteristics associated with men and women. What was this study investigating? <strong>This table shows the results of cross-cultural research on the characteristics associated with men and women. What was this study investigating?  </strong> A)gender stereotypes B)benevolent sexism C)sexual orientation D)gender identity <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)gender stereotypes
B)benevolent sexism
C)sexual orientation
D)gender identity
Question
_____ refer to the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors ofmen and women.

A)Personality traits
B)Sexual orientations
C)Gender-role stereotypes
D)Gender identity schemas
Question
This picture is of William Masters and Virginia Johnson. They are most famous for: <strong>This picture is of William Masters and Virginia Johnson. They are most famous for:  </strong> A)developing the gender schema theory of gender-role development. B)discovering that when the virus that caused AIDS becomes active it selectively attacks CD4 positive helper T cells in the immune system. C)proposing the social learning theory of gender-role development. D)being the first researchers to map the human sexual response cycle. <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)developing the gender schema theory of gender-role development.
B)discovering that when the virus that caused AIDS becomes active it selectively attacks CD4 positive helper T cells in the immune system.
C)proposing the social learning theory of gender-role development.
D)being the first researchers to map the human sexual response cycle.
Question
According to psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, the gender-role stereotype of women in the United States often results in a type of prejudice they call:

A)benevolent sexism.
B)hostile sexism.
C)the glass ceiling.
D)the revolving door.
Question
Richard's story is discussed in the Prologue. It is pointed out that Richard's _____ was clearly masculine, and his _____ wastoward members of the same sex.

A)gender role; gender identification
B)sexual orientation; erotic attraction
C)gender identity; sexual orientation
D)gender-role stereotype; gender identification
Question
According to the terminology discussed in the chapter, a person's psychological sense of being either male or female is called:

A)gender role.
B)sex.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender identity.
Question
A form of prejudice that results from accepting positive stereotypes of women is called:

A)gender identification.
B)benevolent sexism.
C)paraphilia.
D)gender-role stereotyping.
Question
During a lecture on human biology, Professor Sadir described the differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy that determine whether a person is classified as maleor female. Dr. Sadir was referring to:

A)sex.
B)gender.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender roles.
Question
According to psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, which of the following statements would reflect the notion they call benevolent sexism in the United States?

A)"Men are aggressive and self-serving creatures who view women as nothing more than sex objects."
B)"Women are conniving and self-serving creatures who view men as nothing more than as a means to money."
C)"Women are pure creatures who ought to be protected, supported, and adored."
D)"Men are noble creatures who ought to be respected, supported, and obeyed.'
Question
Before her baby was born, Beth watched an ultrasound picture of the fetus in which the genitals were clearly visible.Beth said, "It's going to be a boy for sure!" Strictly speaking,Beth is referring to the unborn infant's:

A)gender.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender role.
D)sex.
Question
Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobic classes fourtimes a week, and she is considered by many to be very feminine, especially by her same-sex partner. Tracy's sense of femininity is her _____, and her attraction to a member of the same sex is her _____.

A)gender; gender role
B)gender identity; sexual orientation
C)sex; gender identity
D)sexual orientation; gender identity
Question
When Henry met Sarah he fell madly in love with her. Henry's emotional and erotic attraction to Sarah illustrates:

A)sexual identification.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender-role stereotyping.
D)gender disorientation.
Question
Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

A)sex.
B)gender role.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender schema.
Question
The term gender is formally defined as:

A)being a man or a woman.
B)the behavioral manifestations of the sexual urge.
C)the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity
D)the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.
Question
The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture:

A)are called gender roles.
B)are genetically determined and do not vary across cultures.
C)determine whether a person's emotional and erotic attraction is directed toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both.
D)have a great deal of variability within a specific culture but show little or no variation across different cultures.
Question
_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

A)Sex
B)Sexual orientation
C)Gender
D)Gender identity
Question
Research on sexual attitudes and behavior shows that:

A)men and women are dramatically different in their sexual attitudes and behavior.
B)men have more permissive sexual attitudes than women, including greater acceptance of casual sex
C)females masturbate much more often than males.
D)women have more permissive sexual attitudes than men, including much greater acceptance of casual sex.
Question
Dr. Rosin and her colleagues are conducting a survey of a random sample of American adults between the ages of 18 and59. The question is "How often do you think about sex?" If their results are consistent with previous research on this topic, they are likely to find that:

A)women tend to think about sex more than men.
B)while there is a wide range of individual variation within each group, there is also quite a bit of overlap between men and women on this topic.
C)there are no differences between men and women in how often they think about sex.
D)the majority of women think about sex less than once a month.
Question
Two personality dimensions on which men and women consistently differ are:

A)impulsiveness and orderliness.
B)orderliness and generosity.
C)nurturance and assertiveness.
D)impulsiveness and generosity.
Question
In looking at gender differences on emotion, psychologist Agneta Fischer and her colleagues analyzed cross-culturaldata from 37 countries around the world. The researchers found that across cultures:

A)women report experiencing and expressing more sadness, fear, and guilt, while men report experiencing and expressing more anger and hostility.
B)men are more emotionally expressive than women in private, but not public, settings.
C)e mmoteionn ans, bd wut onlomeny m reepno rfterede ely exprexperienssed ancing exacgertl any thed same guilt.
D)men are significantly more accurate than women in interpreting the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.
Question
Dr. Pasqualia's area of research is concerned with the issue of gender differences. If she is typical of most scientific researchers in her field, she is most likely to conclude that:

A)men and women are very similar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors.
B)men and women are very dissimilar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors.
C)men and women perceive themselves as being diametrically opposite.
D)men and women are so different that they seem to be from different planets, speaking different languages and needing different nourishment.
Question
In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips of scenes that normally produce feelings of happiness, fear, or sadness. What were the results of the study?

A)Women were more emotionally expressive than men in response to the film clips.
B)Men and women did not differ in their expression of the emotions of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
C)Compared to the men, the women reported much more intense feelings of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
D)Compared to the women, the men reported very few feelings of any kind during the film clips.
Question
Mandy and Michael are fraternal twins who will be celebrating their sixth birthday very soon. If they are typical of children at this age, Mandy will ask for _____ and Michael will ask for _____ as birthday presents.

A)dolls and a dollhouse; toy cars and trucks
B)sports equipment; dolls and a dollhouse
C)toy cars and trucks; sports equipment
D)toy guns and toy soldiers; dolls and a dollhouse
Question
The textbook discusses research on the issue of gender differences in the experience and expression of emotion. Ingeneral, the research indicates that:

A)men and women do not differ in terms of emotional expressiveness or responsiveness.
B)contrary to the popular stereotype that women are more emotional, men are actually more emotionally expressive.
C)across a variety of cultures, men and women differ in the types of emotions expressed.
D)men are much more accurate than women in deciphering the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.
Question
Which of the following statements about gender and emotionis TRUE?

A)Scientific evidence shows that there are no differences in either the degree of emotion experienced or in the expression of emotions in males and females.
B)Males are much more emotionally expressive than females in almost every culture studied.
C)In private situations, women show less emotion than men do, but in public situations, men display much more emotion than women.
D)In American culture, women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men.
Question
Olivia states, "Boys are far superior in mathematical ability than girls." Olivia's assertion:

A)has been supported by numerous surveys and statistical studies.
B)is not true because the average difference between males and females on national math tests is very small.
C)has been supported by research on male and female brain differences.
D)is wrong because girls consistently perform much better than boys on national math tests.
Question
Psychologists Petersen and Hyde conducted a meta-analysis that combined the results of more than 800 previous studies that investigated whether men and women differ in their sexual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. The research revealed that on the average:

A)men reported greater acceptance of casual sex and more sexual partners than women.
B)women experienced their first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than men.
C)men reported significantly greater sexual satisfaction than women.
D)men and women did not differ in the incidence of masturbation or oral sex.
Question
Which of the following is a potential problem with research examining whether men and women differ in their sexual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors?

A)Men tend to exaggerate their sexual experiences.
B)Women tend to downplay or minimize their sexual experiences.
C)Both men and women tend to distort their responses, but in different directions, to better match their own gender norms and expectations.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Question
As children grow older, girls become _____ in their views ofgender-appropriate activities and attributes, and boys become_____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes.

A)less flexible; more flexible
B)more flexible; less flexible
C)more flexible; more flexible
D)less flexible; less flexible
Question
The fact that most parents in the United States do not dress their newborn boys in pink clothes illustrates the:

A)genetic influences on child-rearing practices.
B)persuasiveness and force of cultural and societal expectations regarding gender roles.
C)b efcacaut tseh tath pey arinke is a morn iem lipkrealy thactical colon girls to ger choicet di forrty.boys' Inc colothes rrect
D)degree of freedom children in modern society have in choosing their own clothes.
Question
Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay were having lunch at the mall when they heard on the radio about the tragic deaths of a number ofsome local children in a bus accident. Both were overcome with emotion. Mrs. Ramsay started to cry but Mr. Ramsay masked his feelings. As noted in the Critical Thinking box"Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?", this gender difference in the expression of emotion is probably aresult of:

A)dyspareunia.
B)culturally determined display rules.
C)male stonewalling.
D)female flooding.
Question
According to the research and information presented in the Critical Thinking box, "Are Women Really More EmotionalThan Men?," which of the following best accounts for gender differences in the expression of emotions?

A)Women are genetically predisposed to be more emotionally expressive than men.
B)Compared to men, women are much more physiologically reactive to stimuli that provoke feelings of sadness or happiness.
C)The expression of emotion for both men and women is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules.
D)Men tend to be less emotionally expressive because they feel less confident and skillful in expressing emotions.
Question
In preschool, 4-year-old Daisy is _____ likely to play with other girls, and 4-year-old Daniel is _____ likely to play with other boys.

A)less; more
B)more; less
C)less; less
D)more; more
Question
Many researchers have noted gender differences in how children interact with other children. Which of the following statements reflects our current understanding of these differences?

A)Girls, more often than boys, learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends.
B)Boys, more often than girls, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
C)Boys, more often than girls, establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play.
D)Girls, more often than boys, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
Question
Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior:

A)they are treated very differently from the moment of birth.
B)they are typically dressed identically during the first year to avoid gender-role stereotyping.
C)―color coding‖ is rarely used until after the first year because it would confuse the infants regarding their gender identity.
D)most parents cross-dress their infants to avoid later accusations of sexist behavior.
Question
Lena often expresses her anger in private but never in public.Her husband Leonard sometimes expresses his anger in public but would be very embarrassed to be caught crying in public.This example illustrates:

A)culturally determined display rules.
B)transgender differences.
C)innate characteristics of emotional expression.
D)intersex differences.
Question
An individual who is anatomically female but identifies with or wishes to become a male would be termed a(n):

A)bisexual.
B)transgendered woman.
C)transgendered man.
D)intersexed individual.
Question
During her prenatal development, Jessie was exposed to abnormally high levels of testosterone, producing a syndrome called congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Now 14 years old, Jessiehas a female gender identity, but her genitalia actually appear more masculine than feminine. She also displays othe rmasculine characteristics, such as a deeper than normal voice for a girl and the appearance of some facial hair. According to the discussion in your text, Jessie is:

A)a bisexual.
B)an intersexed individual.
C)a transgendered individual.
D)a transsexual.
Question
In a study in which children played with gender-neutral gadgets, some of which were labeled as "boy toys" and some as"girl toys," boys played more with "boy gadgets," and girls played more with "girl gadgets." A week later, both the boysand girls remembered which toys were associated with each sex. This evidence most strongly supports the importance of_____ in learning and remembering new information.

A)gender schemas
B)reinforcement and punishment
C)modeling and observation
D)genetic influences
Question
According to social learning theory, gender-role difference sresult from:

A)parents' reinforcing and encouraging gender-appropriate behavior.
B)children's observing and imitating the sex-typed behavior of significant adults and other children.
C)children's being punished for displaying gender- inappropriate behavior.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Question
Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory isto _____.

A)cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and modeling
B)genetics; environment
C)reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive categories
D)environment; genetics
Question
If an individual's ability to function is impaired because of extreme discomfort with his or her assigned gender, they maybe diagnosed with:

A)gender identity disorder.
B)frotteurism.
C)dyspareunia.
D)sexual aversion disorder.
Question
Which of the following people developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development?

A)psychologist Sandra Bem
B)physician William Masters
C)behavioral scientist Virginia Johnson
D)psychologist David Buss.
Question
When he went to Yale University, Richard Raskind was captain of the Yale tennis team. But in 1975 at the age of 41,and after years of counseling and a failed marriage, Raskind came to terms with his lifelong discomfort of being a male. He underwent sex-change surgery and re-emerged as Renée Richards. Using the terminology presented in your text, priorto the sex-reassignment surgery, Raskind would have been described as a(n):

A)transgendered man.
B)bisexual.
C)intersexed individual.
D)transgendered woman.
Question
Based on numerous studies he has conducted, Dr. Galindro is convinced that children actively develop cognitive categories for masculinity and femininity. He contends that these mentalre presentations influence how children perceive, interpret,and remember representations of gender-appropriate behavior. Dr. Galindro's views are most consistent with the_____ theory of gender-role development.

A)gender schema
B)evolutionary
C)social learning
D)transgendered
Question
The term _____ is used to describe an individual who undergoes hormonal treatments and sex-change surgery to physically transform his or her body into the opposite sex.

A)transsexual
B)homosexual
C)androgynous
D)intersexed individual
Question
A group of 5-year-old children are shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes,such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the children are questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they:

A)will not remember having seen any pictures.
B)will accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars.
C)will tend to recall having seen the boys playing with trucks and cars and the girls playing with dolls
D)will tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney.
Question
A(n) _____ is someone whose biological gender is ambiguous or uncertain, often having reproductive structures that may be partly male and partly female.

A)transsexual
B)transgendered woman
C)transgendered man
D)intersexed individual
Question
The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment,and modeling, is called:

A)gender schema theory.
B)social learning theory.
C)gender identity theory.
D)evolutionary theory.
Question
An individual who is anatomically male but identifies with or wishes to become a female would be termed a(n):

A)transgendered woman.
B)transgendered man.
C)intersexed individual.
D)bisexual.
Question
The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called:

A)social learning theory.
B)evolutionary theory.
C)social identity theory.
D)gender schema theory.
Question
When Annabelle was a child, she loved playing with toy trucks, cars, guns, and joining in boys' games. As a teenager,she played rough and tumble sports and hated the idea of make-up or wearing dresses. Now, she frequently dresses inmen's clothes and is undergoing hormone treatment to physically transform her body to more resemble that of amale. Annabelle is a transgendered individual who, according to the In Focus box "Beyond Male and Female," might also be classified as:

A)a transsexual.
B)intersexed.
C)a voyeur.
D)a masochist.
Question
Dr. Kelsey investigates gender-role development. If the resultsof her studies are consistent with other researchers in the field,she is likely to find that:

A)girls tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise and verbal conflict resolution.
B)boys tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
C)boys tend to establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play.
D)girls learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends and are more likely than boys to be competitive.
Question
_____ influence how people pay attention to, perceive,interpret, and remember gender-relevant behavior.

A)Genes
B)Gender schemas
C)Gender roles
D)Norms
Question
When he went to Yale University, Richard Raskind was captain of the Yale tennis team. But in 1975 at the age of 41,and after years of counseling and a failed marriage, Raskind came to terms with his lifelong discomfort of being a male. He underwent sex-change surgery and re-emerged as Renée Richards. Using the terminology presented in your text, after the sex-reassignment surgery, Richards would be described as a(n):

A)transgendered woman.
B)bisexual.
C)intersexed individual.
D)transsexual.
Question
Dr. Segal, a developmental psychologist, contends that gender roles develop because young children observe others modeling particular gender-appropriate behaviors. She also thinks thatthe children are rewarded when they behave accordingly and punished when they don't. Dr. Segal's views are most consistent with the _____ of gender-role development.

A)cognitive development theory
B)evolutionary theory
C)gender-schema theory
D)social learning theory
Question
In most animals, sexual behavior is biologically determined and triggered by hormonal changes in the female. During the cyclical period known as _____, a female animal is fertile and receptive to male sexual advances.

A)the resolution phase
B)estrus
C)the refractory period
D)the intersex period
Question
According to research by Masters and Johnson, which of the following represents the normal order of the four stages in the human sexual response cycle?

A)plateau, excitement, resolution, orgasm
B)excitement, resolution, plateau, orgasm
C)resolution, plateau, orgasm, excitement
D)excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Question
Because of testicular cancer, 35-year-old Joshua had to have his testicles removed. Research suggests that:

A)injections of estrogen will increase his level of sexual interest above its previous level.
B)he will experience homosexual feelings and urges.
C)he may experience decreased interest in sexual activity.
D)he will experience no change in his level of sexual interest or activity.
Question
Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie is not likely to be able to experience another orgasm for a period of time. This stage ofthe sexual response cycle is called the:

A)plateau stage.
B)dyspareunia.
C)resolution stage.
D)NFL football season.
Question
According to the research by Masters and Johnson, the first phase of the human sexual response cycle is _____, and the last phase is _____.

A)plateau; resolution
B)excitement; orgasm
C)excitement; resolution
D)orgasm; excitement
Question
According to David Buss, the adaptive problem for malere productive behavior is to:

A)identify and mate with women who are fertile and likely to be successful at bearing their children
B)look for a mate who will be a good "provider."
C)have as many orgasms as possible during each sexual encounter.
D)identify and mate with women who have high status and wealth.
Question
Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Estrogen, the male sex hormone produced by the testes, is responsible for male sexual development.
B)Estrus refers to the cyclical period during which a nonhuman female animal is fertile and receptive to male sexual advances.
C)Testosterone, the female sex hormone produced by the ovaries, influences a female's monthly reproductive cycle.
D)Estrus refers to the fourth stage of the sexual response cycle.
Question
Martina is solely attracted to other women, whereas her sister Marguerite is attracted only to men. Martina's ex-girlfriend Jodie is attracted to both men and women. Martina,Marguerite, and Jodie differ in terms of their:

A)sexual identity.
B)gender identity.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender role.
Question
The term sexual orientation describes:

A)an individual's level of sexual motivation and attitudes toward sexual behavior.
B)an individual's biological sex.
C)the sex that is assigned at birth to people with ambiguous genitals.
D)whether an individual's sexual and emotional attraction is directed toward members of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or both sexes.
Question
Which of the following statements about the stages of the human sexual response is FALSE?

A)There is greater variability in the female sexual response than in the male sexual response.
B)Younger men typically experience a longer refractory period than do older men.
C)For both men and women, the degree of physical arousal may fluctuate up and down during the excitement and plateau stages of sexual arousal.
D)Whereas many women are capable of experiencing multiple orgasms, most men experience one orgasm.
Question
According to the research by Masters and Johnson, the second phase of the human sexual response cycle is _____, and the third phase is _____.

A)plateau; orgasm
B)excitement; resolution
C)resolution; orgasm
D)orgasm; resolution
Question
In describing the stages of the human sexual response,researchers Masters and Johnson:

A)observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex.
B)interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S.population.
C)used themselves as subjects and carefully documented the physical changes that occurred while they had sex.
D)directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories.
Question
As part of a laboratory experiment, a rat has its testes surgically removed. It is very probable that the animal will experience a(n) _____ in the levels of testosterone and a(n)_____ in sexual activity and interest.

A)increase; increase
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)decrease; decrease
Question
The shortest stage of the human sexual response is:

A)excitement.
B)plateau.
C)orgasm.
D)resolution.
Question
A large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures revealed that:

A)only individualistic cultures view romantic love as a necessary ingredient in marriage.
B)women are most interested in an attractive, youthful sexual partner.
C)all 37 cultures ranked ―mutual attraction and love‖ as the most important factor in their choice of a mate
D)females are less interested in ―mating strategies‖ but engage in these activities because of cultural rules that call for such strategies.
Question
Dr. Yueng conducts cross-cultural research on gender and mating strategies. If his research findings are similar to those of David Buss, he will discover that:

A)women are more likely than men to say that a satisfying sexual relationship is the most important factor in selecting a mate.
B)women rank physical attractiveness as the most important quality when looking for a mate.
C)compared to women, men place a higher value on financial security and social status when selecting a mate.
D)men are more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate
Question
For medical reasons, 25-year-old Nadine has to have both ofher ovaries surgically removed. Following the operation,Nadine is likely to experience:

A)a steep drop in sexual interest and sexual activity.
B)an increase in the production of estrogen.
C)homosexual feelings and urges.
D)little or no drop in her normal level of sexual interest and sexual activity.
Question
According to David Buss, the most important adaptive problem for female reproductive behavior is to:

A)identify and mate with men who are fertile.
B)look for a mate who will be a good ―provider.‖
C)have as many orgasms as possible during each sexual encounter.
D)identify and mate with men that are young and attractive.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences human sexuality?

A)biological factors
B)psychological factors
C)social and cultural factors
D)the estrus cycle
Question
The human sexual response cycle was first mapped by sex-research pioneers:

A)Bem and Lazarus.
B)Johnson and Johnson.
C)Masters and Johnson.
D)Ben and Jerry.
Unlock Deck
Sign up to unlock the cards in this deck!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/224
auto play flashcards
Play
simple tutorial
Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Deck 10: Personality
1
In the United States, _____ have a more _____ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.

A)females but not males; negative
B)males but not females; negative
C)both males and females; positive
D)both males and females; negative
both males and females; positive
2
Psychologists are often reluctant to point out gender differences that have been substantiated by scientific research.Your textbook suggests that the reason for this reluctance is that:

A)people may mistakenly equate a gender difference with a gender deficiency.
B)psychologists are skeptical of any research that finds gender differences.
C)psychologists want to protect the public from any findings that might challenge cultural norms about gender differences.
D)when gender differences are discovered, they are invariably due to genetic factors and because these cannot be changed by social and cultural factors, psychologists are reluctant to talk about them.
people may mistakenly equate a gender difference with a gender deficiency.
3
_____ refers to the direction of a person's emotional and erotic attraction toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes.

A)Gender
B)Gender role
C)Gender identity
D)Sexual orientation
Sexual orientation
4
The biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and inreproductive anatomy and functions is referred to as:

A)gender.
B)sex.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender identity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
This table shows the results of cross-cultural research on the characteristics associated with men and women. What was this study investigating? <strong>This table shows the results of cross-cultural research on the characteristics associated with men and women. What was this study investigating?  </strong> A)gender stereotypes B)benevolent sexism C)sexual orientation D)gender identity

A)gender stereotypes
B)benevolent sexism
C)sexual orientation
D)gender identity
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
_____ refer to the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors ofmen and women.

A)Personality traits
B)Sexual orientations
C)Gender-role stereotypes
D)Gender identity schemas
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
This picture is of William Masters and Virginia Johnson. They are most famous for: <strong>This picture is of William Masters and Virginia Johnson. They are most famous for:  </strong> A)developing the gender schema theory of gender-role development. B)discovering that when the virus that caused AIDS becomes active it selectively attacks CD4 positive helper T cells in the immune system. C)proposing the social learning theory of gender-role development. D)being the first researchers to map the human sexual response cycle.

A)developing the gender schema theory of gender-role development.
B)discovering that when the virus that caused AIDS becomes active it selectively attacks CD4 positive helper T cells in the immune system.
C)proposing the social learning theory of gender-role development.
D)being the first researchers to map the human sexual response cycle.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
According to psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, the gender-role stereotype of women in the United States often results in a type of prejudice they call:

A)benevolent sexism.
B)hostile sexism.
C)the glass ceiling.
D)the revolving door.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Richard's story is discussed in the Prologue. It is pointed out that Richard's _____ was clearly masculine, and his _____ wastoward members of the same sex.

A)gender role; gender identification
B)sexual orientation; erotic attraction
C)gender identity; sexual orientation
D)gender-role stereotype; gender identification
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
According to the terminology discussed in the chapter, a person's psychological sense of being either male or female is called:

A)gender role.
B)sex.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender identity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
A form of prejudice that results from accepting positive stereotypes of women is called:

A)gender identification.
B)benevolent sexism.
C)paraphilia.
D)gender-role stereotyping.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
During a lecture on human biology, Professor Sadir described the differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy that determine whether a person is classified as maleor female. Dr. Sadir was referring to:

A)sex.
B)gender.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender roles.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
According to psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, which of the following statements would reflect the notion they call benevolent sexism in the United States?

A)"Men are aggressive and self-serving creatures who view women as nothing more than sex objects."
B)"Women are conniving and self-serving creatures who view men as nothing more than as a means to money."
C)"Women are pure creatures who ought to be protected, supported, and adored."
D)"Men are noble creatures who ought to be respected, supported, and obeyed.'
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Before her baby was born, Beth watched an ultrasound picture of the fetus in which the genitals were clearly visible.Beth said, "It's going to be a boy for sure!" Strictly speaking,Beth is referring to the unborn infant's:

A)gender.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender role.
D)sex.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobic classes fourtimes a week, and she is considered by many to be very feminine, especially by her same-sex partner. Tracy's sense of femininity is her _____, and her attraction to a member of the same sex is her _____.

A)gender; gender role
B)gender identity; sexual orientation
C)sex; gender identity
D)sexual orientation; gender identity
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
When Henry met Sarah he fell madly in love with her. Henry's emotional and erotic attraction to Sarah illustrates:

A)sexual identification.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender-role stereotyping.
D)gender disorientation.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

A)sex.
B)gender role.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender schema.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
The term gender is formally defined as:

A)being a man or a woman.
B)the behavioral manifestations of the sexual urge.
C)the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity
D)the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture:

A)are called gender roles.
B)are genetically determined and do not vary across cultures.
C)determine whether a person's emotional and erotic attraction is directed toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both.
D)have a great deal of variability within a specific culture but show little or no variation across different cultures.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

A)Sex
B)Sexual orientation
C)Gender
D)Gender identity
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
Research on sexual attitudes and behavior shows that:

A)men and women are dramatically different in their sexual attitudes and behavior.
B)men have more permissive sexual attitudes than women, including greater acceptance of casual sex
C)females masturbate much more often than males.
D)women have more permissive sexual attitudes than men, including much greater acceptance of casual sex.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
Dr. Rosin and her colleagues are conducting a survey of a random sample of American adults between the ages of 18 and59. The question is "How often do you think about sex?" If their results are consistent with previous research on this topic, they are likely to find that:

A)women tend to think about sex more than men.
B)while there is a wide range of individual variation within each group, there is also quite a bit of overlap between men and women on this topic.
C)there are no differences between men and women in how often they think about sex.
D)the majority of women think about sex less than once a month.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Two personality dimensions on which men and women consistently differ are:

A)impulsiveness and orderliness.
B)orderliness and generosity.
C)nurturance and assertiveness.
D)impulsiveness and generosity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
In looking at gender differences on emotion, psychologist Agneta Fischer and her colleagues analyzed cross-culturaldata from 37 countries around the world. The researchers found that across cultures:

A)women report experiencing and expressing more sadness, fear, and guilt, while men report experiencing and expressing more anger and hostility.
B)men are more emotionally expressive than women in private, but not public, settings.
C)e mmoteionn ans, bd wut onlomeny m reepno rfterede ely exprexperienssed ancing exacgertl any thed same guilt.
D)men are significantly more accurate than women in interpreting the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Dr. Pasqualia's area of research is concerned with the issue of gender differences. If she is typical of most scientific researchers in her field, she is most likely to conclude that:

A)men and women are very similar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors.
B)men and women are very dissimilar in many aspects of behavior, including social, personality, and cognitive factors.
C)men and women perceive themselves as being diametrically opposite.
D)men and women are so different that they seem to be from different planets, speaking different languages and needing different nourishment.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips of scenes that normally produce feelings of happiness, fear, or sadness. What were the results of the study?

A)Women were more emotionally expressive than men in response to the film clips.
B)Men and women did not differ in their expression of the emotions of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
C)Compared to the men, the women reported much more intense feelings of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
D)Compared to the women, the men reported very few feelings of any kind during the film clips.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Mandy and Michael are fraternal twins who will be celebrating their sixth birthday very soon. If they are typical of children at this age, Mandy will ask for _____ and Michael will ask for _____ as birthday presents.

A)dolls and a dollhouse; toy cars and trucks
B)sports equipment; dolls and a dollhouse
C)toy cars and trucks; sports equipment
D)toy guns and toy soldiers; dolls and a dollhouse
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
The textbook discusses research on the issue of gender differences in the experience and expression of emotion. Ingeneral, the research indicates that:

A)men and women do not differ in terms of emotional expressiveness or responsiveness.
B)contrary to the popular stereotype that women are more emotional, men are actually more emotionally expressive.
C)across a variety of cultures, men and women differ in the types of emotions expressed.
D)men are much more accurate than women in deciphering the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Which of the following statements about gender and emotionis TRUE?

A)Scientific evidence shows that there are no differences in either the degree of emotion experienced or in the expression of emotions in males and females.
B)Males are much more emotionally expressive than females in almost every culture studied.
C)In private situations, women show less emotion than men do, but in public situations, men display much more emotion than women.
D)In American culture, women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Olivia states, "Boys are far superior in mathematical ability than girls." Olivia's assertion:

A)has been supported by numerous surveys and statistical studies.
B)is not true because the average difference between males and females on national math tests is very small.
C)has been supported by research on male and female brain differences.
D)is wrong because girls consistently perform much better than boys on national math tests.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
Psychologists Petersen and Hyde conducted a meta-analysis that combined the results of more than 800 previous studies that investigated whether men and women differ in their sexual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. The research revealed that on the average:

A)men reported greater acceptance of casual sex and more sexual partners than women.
B)women experienced their first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than men.
C)men reported significantly greater sexual satisfaction than women.
D)men and women did not differ in the incidence of masturbation or oral sex.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
Which of the following is a potential problem with research examining whether men and women differ in their sexual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors?

A)Men tend to exaggerate their sexual experiences.
B)Women tend to downplay or minimize their sexual experiences.
C)Both men and women tend to distort their responses, but in different directions, to better match their own gender norms and expectations.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
As children grow older, girls become _____ in their views ofgender-appropriate activities and attributes, and boys become_____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes.

A)less flexible; more flexible
B)more flexible; less flexible
C)more flexible; more flexible
D)less flexible; less flexible
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
The fact that most parents in the United States do not dress their newborn boys in pink clothes illustrates the:

A)genetic influences on child-rearing practices.
B)persuasiveness and force of cultural and societal expectations regarding gender roles.
C)b efcacaut tseh tath pey arinke is a morn iem lipkrealy thactical colon girls to ger choicet di forrty.boys' Inc colothes rrect
D)degree of freedom children in modern society have in choosing their own clothes.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay were having lunch at the mall when they heard on the radio about the tragic deaths of a number ofsome local children in a bus accident. Both were overcome with emotion. Mrs. Ramsay started to cry but Mr. Ramsay masked his feelings. As noted in the Critical Thinking box"Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?", this gender difference in the expression of emotion is probably aresult of:

A)dyspareunia.
B)culturally determined display rules.
C)male stonewalling.
D)female flooding.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
According to the research and information presented in the Critical Thinking box, "Are Women Really More EmotionalThan Men?," which of the following best accounts for gender differences in the expression of emotions?

A)Women are genetically predisposed to be more emotionally expressive than men.
B)Compared to men, women are much more physiologically reactive to stimuli that provoke feelings of sadness or happiness.
C)The expression of emotion for both men and women is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules.
D)Men tend to be less emotionally expressive because they feel less confident and skillful in expressing emotions.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
In preschool, 4-year-old Daisy is _____ likely to play with other girls, and 4-year-old Daniel is _____ likely to play with other boys.

A)less; more
B)more; less
C)less; less
D)more; more
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Many researchers have noted gender differences in how children interact with other children. Which of the following statements reflects our current understanding of these differences?

A)Girls, more often than boys, learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends.
B)Boys, more often than girls, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
C)Boys, more often than girls, establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play.
D)Girls, more often than boys, tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior:

A)they are treated very differently from the moment of birth.
B)they are typically dressed identically during the first year to avoid gender-role stereotyping.
C)―color coding‖ is rarely used until after the first year because it would confuse the infants regarding their gender identity.
D)most parents cross-dress their infants to avoid later accusations of sexist behavior.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
Lena often expresses her anger in private but never in public.Her husband Leonard sometimes expresses his anger in public but would be very embarrassed to be caught crying in public.This example illustrates:

A)culturally determined display rules.
B)transgender differences.
C)innate characteristics of emotional expression.
D)intersex differences.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
An individual who is anatomically female but identifies with or wishes to become a male would be termed a(n):

A)bisexual.
B)transgendered woman.
C)transgendered man.
D)intersexed individual.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
During her prenatal development, Jessie was exposed to abnormally high levels of testosterone, producing a syndrome called congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Now 14 years old, Jessiehas a female gender identity, but her genitalia actually appear more masculine than feminine. She also displays othe rmasculine characteristics, such as a deeper than normal voice for a girl and the appearance of some facial hair. According to the discussion in your text, Jessie is:

A)a bisexual.
B)an intersexed individual.
C)a transgendered individual.
D)a transsexual.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
In a study in which children played with gender-neutral gadgets, some of which were labeled as "boy toys" and some as"girl toys," boys played more with "boy gadgets," and girls played more with "girl gadgets." A week later, both the boysand girls remembered which toys were associated with each sex. This evidence most strongly supports the importance of_____ in learning and remembering new information.

A)gender schemas
B)reinforcement and punishment
C)modeling and observation
D)genetic influences
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
According to social learning theory, gender-role difference sresult from:

A)parents' reinforcing and encouraging gender-appropriate behavior.
B)children's observing and imitating the sex-typed behavior of significant adults and other children.
C)children's being punished for displaying gender- inappropriate behavior.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory isto _____.

A)cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and modeling
B)genetics; environment
C)reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive categories
D)environment; genetics
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
If an individual's ability to function is impaired because of extreme discomfort with his or her assigned gender, they maybe diagnosed with:

A)gender identity disorder.
B)frotteurism.
C)dyspareunia.
D)sexual aversion disorder.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
Which of the following people developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development?

A)psychologist Sandra Bem
B)physician William Masters
C)behavioral scientist Virginia Johnson
D)psychologist David Buss.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
When he went to Yale University, Richard Raskind was captain of the Yale tennis team. But in 1975 at the age of 41,and after years of counseling and a failed marriage, Raskind came to terms with his lifelong discomfort of being a male. He underwent sex-change surgery and re-emerged as Renée Richards. Using the terminology presented in your text, priorto the sex-reassignment surgery, Raskind would have been described as a(n):

A)transgendered man.
B)bisexual.
C)intersexed individual.
D)transgendered woman.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
Based on numerous studies he has conducted, Dr. Galindro is convinced that children actively develop cognitive categories for masculinity and femininity. He contends that these mentalre presentations influence how children perceive, interpret,and remember representations of gender-appropriate behavior. Dr. Galindro's views are most consistent with the_____ theory of gender-role development.

A)gender schema
B)evolutionary
C)social learning
D)transgendered
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
The term _____ is used to describe an individual who undergoes hormonal treatments and sex-change surgery to physically transform his or her body into the opposite sex.

A)transsexual
B)homosexual
C)androgynous
D)intersexed individual
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
A group of 5-year-old children are shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes,such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the children are questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they:

A)will not remember having seen any pictures.
B)will accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars.
C)will tend to recall having seen the boys playing with trucks and cars and the girls playing with dolls
D)will tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
A(n) _____ is someone whose biological gender is ambiguous or uncertain, often having reproductive structures that may be partly male and partly female.

A)transsexual
B)transgendered woman
C)transgendered man
D)intersexed individual
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment,and modeling, is called:

A)gender schema theory.
B)social learning theory.
C)gender identity theory.
D)evolutionary theory.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
An individual who is anatomically male but identifies with or wishes to become a female would be termed a(n):

A)transgendered woman.
B)transgendered man.
C)intersexed individual.
D)bisexual.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called:

A)social learning theory.
B)evolutionary theory.
C)social identity theory.
D)gender schema theory.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
When Annabelle was a child, she loved playing with toy trucks, cars, guns, and joining in boys' games. As a teenager,she played rough and tumble sports and hated the idea of make-up or wearing dresses. Now, she frequently dresses inmen's clothes and is undergoing hormone treatment to physically transform her body to more resemble that of amale. Annabelle is a transgendered individual who, according to the In Focus box "Beyond Male and Female," might also be classified as:

A)a transsexual.
B)intersexed.
C)a voyeur.
D)a masochist.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Dr. Kelsey investigates gender-role development. If the resultsof her studies are consistent with other researchers in the field,she is likely to find that:

A)girls tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise and verbal conflict resolution.
B)boys tend to establish and maintain close friendships through compromise, conciliation, and verbal conflict resolution.
C)boys tend to establish very close bonds with one or two friends, and avoid competition and rough play.
D)girls learn to assert themselves within a group of same-sex friends and are more likely than boys to be competitive.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
_____ influence how people pay attention to, perceive,interpret, and remember gender-relevant behavior.

A)Genes
B)Gender schemas
C)Gender roles
D)Norms
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
59
When he went to Yale University, Richard Raskind was captain of the Yale tennis team. But in 1975 at the age of 41,and after years of counseling and a failed marriage, Raskind came to terms with his lifelong discomfort of being a male. He underwent sex-change surgery and re-emerged as Renée Richards. Using the terminology presented in your text, after the sex-reassignment surgery, Richards would be described as a(n):

A)transgendered woman.
B)bisexual.
C)intersexed individual.
D)transsexual.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
60
Dr. Segal, a developmental psychologist, contends that gender roles develop because young children observe others modeling particular gender-appropriate behaviors. She also thinks thatthe children are rewarded when they behave accordingly and punished when they don't. Dr. Segal's views are most consistent with the _____ of gender-role development.

A)cognitive development theory
B)evolutionary theory
C)gender-schema theory
D)social learning theory
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
61
In most animals, sexual behavior is biologically determined and triggered by hormonal changes in the female. During the cyclical period known as _____, a female animal is fertile and receptive to male sexual advances.

A)the resolution phase
B)estrus
C)the refractory period
D)the intersex period
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
62
According to research by Masters and Johnson, which of the following represents the normal order of the four stages in the human sexual response cycle?

A)plateau, excitement, resolution, orgasm
B)excitement, resolution, plateau, orgasm
C)resolution, plateau, orgasm, excitement
D)excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
63
Because of testicular cancer, 35-year-old Joshua had to have his testicles removed. Research suggests that:

A)injections of estrogen will increase his level of sexual interest above its previous level.
B)he will experience homosexual feelings and urges.
C)he may experience decreased interest in sexual activity.
D)he will experience no change in his level of sexual interest or activity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie is not likely to be able to experience another orgasm for a period of time. This stage ofthe sexual response cycle is called the:

A)plateau stage.
B)dyspareunia.
C)resolution stage.
D)NFL football season.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
65
According to the research by Masters and Johnson, the first phase of the human sexual response cycle is _____, and the last phase is _____.

A)plateau; resolution
B)excitement; orgasm
C)excitement; resolution
D)orgasm; excitement
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
66
According to David Buss, the adaptive problem for malere productive behavior is to:

A)identify and mate with women who are fertile and likely to be successful at bearing their children
B)look for a mate who will be a good "provider."
C)have as many orgasms as possible during each sexual encounter.
D)identify and mate with women who have high status and wealth.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Estrogen, the male sex hormone produced by the testes, is responsible for male sexual development.
B)Estrus refers to the cyclical period during which a nonhuman female animal is fertile and receptive to male sexual advances.
C)Testosterone, the female sex hormone produced by the ovaries, influences a female's monthly reproductive cycle.
D)Estrus refers to the fourth stage of the sexual response cycle.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
68
Martina is solely attracted to other women, whereas her sister Marguerite is attracted only to men. Martina's ex-girlfriend Jodie is attracted to both men and women. Martina,Marguerite, and Jodie differ in terms of their:

A)sexual identity.
B)gender identity.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender role.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
69
The term sexual orientation describes:

A)an individual's level of sexual motivation and attitudes toward sexual behavior.
B)an individual's biological sex.
C)the sex that is assigned at birth to people with ambiguous genitals.
D)whether an individual's sexual and emotional attraction is directed toward members of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or both sexes.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
70
Which of the following statements about the stages of the human sexual response is FALSE?

A)There is greater variability in the female sexual response than in the male sexual response.
B)Younger men typically experience a longer refractory period than do older men.
C)For both men and women, the degree of physical arousal may fluctuate up and down during the excitement and plateau stages of sexual arousal.
D)Whereas many women are capable of experiencing multiple orgasms, most men experience one orgasm.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
71
According to the research by Masters and Johnson, the second phase of the human sexual response cycle is _____, and the third phase is _____.

A)plateau; orgasm
B)excitement; resolution
C)resolution; orgasm
D)orgasm; resolution
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
72
In describing the stages of the human sexual response,researchers Masters and Johnson:

A)observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex.
B)interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S.population.
C)used themselves as subjects and carefully documented the physical changes that occurred while they had sex.
D)directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
73
As part of a laboratory experiment, a rat has its testes surgically removed. It is very probable that the animal will experience a(n) _____ in the levels of testosterone and a(n)_____ in sexual activity and interest.

A)increase; increase
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)decrease; decrease
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
74
The shortest stage of the human sexual response is:

A)excitement.
B)plateau.
C)orgasm.
D)resolution.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
75
A large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures revealed that:

A)only individualistic cultures view romantic love as a necessary ingredient in marriage.
B)women are most interested in an attractive, youthful sexual partner.
C)all 37 cultures ranked ―mutual attraction and love‖ as the most important factor in their choice of a mate
D)females are less interested in ―mating strategies‖ but engage in these activities because of cultural rules that call for such strategies.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
76
Dr. Yueng conducts cross-cultural research on gender and mating strategies. If his research findings are similar to those of David Buss, he will discover that:

A)women are more likely than men to say that a satisfying sexual relationship is the most important factor in selecting a mate.
B)women rank physical attractiveness as the most important quality when looking for a mate.
C)compared to women, men place a higher value on financial security and social status when selecting a mate.
D)men are more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
77
For medical reasons, 25-year-old Nadine has to have both ofher ovaries surgically removed. Following the operation,Nadine is likely to experience:

A)a steep drop in sexual interest and sexual activity.
B)an increase in the production of estrogen.
C)homosexual feelings and urges.
D)little or no drop in her normal level of sexual interest and sexual activity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
78
According to David Buss, the most important adaptive problem for female reproductive behavior is to:

A)identify and mate with men who are fertile.
B)look for a mate who will be a good ―provider.‖
C)have as many orgasms as possible during each sexual encounter.
D)identify and mate with men that are young and attractive.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
79
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences human sexuality?

A)biological factors
B)psychological factors
C)social and cultural factors
D)the estrus cycle
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
80
The human sexual response cycle was first mapped by sex-research pioneers:

A)Bem and Lazarus.
B)Johnson and Johnson.
C)Masters and Johnson.
D)Ben and Jerry.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 224 flashcards in this deck.