Deck 8: Power and politics: women in the Progressive Era

Question 1

The turning point in the Lawrence textile strike of 1912 was when

A) middle-class reformers became involved with the struggle, activating public sympathy.
B) children were beaten by police, which drew negative publicity for factory owners.
C) the AFL muscled out the IWW, a radical union that wanted to take over the strike.
D) the Italian women decided they could not strike because it was a rebellious action.

Answer 1

children were beaten by police, which drew negative publicity for factory owners.

Question 2

In terms of diversity,what was the greatest achievement of the twentieth-century woman suffrage movement?

A) Its commitment to end racial segregation
B) The development of an extremely broad class base
C) The ability to win both state and federal support
D) Its role in introducing coeducation into American universities

Answer 2

The development of an extremely broad class base

Question 3

After the United States entered World War I,Ida B.Wells-Barnett was threatened with jail because she

A) published antilynching articles despite censorship laws.
B) defended black soldiers executed by the U.S. government.
C) promoted the Woman's Peace Party.
D) challenged the government's right to draft young men.

Answer 3

defended black soldiers executed by the U.S. government.

Question 4

The predominately new female profession of social work evolved from

A) universities' marketing campaign to raise enrollments of women.
B) the desire of settlement house volunteers to apply new social science methods to benevolent work.
C) new requirements in charities that women workers be professionally trained.
D) the chronic sexism that denied women admission to medical schools.

Question 5

What is notable about the Progressive Party's position regarding women?

A) Women were among the party's chief financial backers.
B) Women were among the party's founders.
C) It fully integrated women into all its activities.
D) Despite promoting reform, it refused to endorse woman suffrage.

Question 6

The main characteristic of the Progressive era,the period from the late 1890s through World War I,was

A) decreased government regulation.
B) intense reform activism.
C) race and class harmony.
D) public distrust of federal leadership.

Question 7

How did a new generation of suffrage leaders try to bring the suffrage movement into conformity with the realities of urban,industrial,modern America in the early 1900s?

A) They rejected soliciting the help of wealthy women, who they felt supported the conservative views of their husbands.
B) They sought the support of the liquor industry, which had been staunchly opposed to woman suffrage.
C) They rejected the outdated term "woman suffrage" for the more modern term, "votes for women."
D) They placed all their focus on lobbying state legislatures to win the vote at the state level.

Question 8

How did the Great Migration of African Americans from southern rural communities to northern urban centers in the 1910s differ from European and Asian migrations?

A) Men represented the vast majority of immigrants among African Americans.
B) African American women comprised almost 50 percent of migrants.
C) African American children enrolled in schools rather than working in factories.
D) African Americans found it relatively easy to move up the socioeconomic ladder.

Question 9

What was Americanization work??

A) Supporting bond drives to raise funds for the war
B) Organizing American women to work in the defense industry
C) Teaching English language, home, and health classes to immigrants
D) Volunteering for the American Red Cross

Question 10

Wage-earning women supported the woman suffrage movement because they were promised that the vote would

A) raise women's wages.
B) guarantee access to birth control.
C) secure passage of a prohibition amendment.
D) secure an end to child labor.

Question 11

What was a central principle of "maternalism," a term coined by recent historians to refer to the Progressive-era justification for women's programs?

A) Motherhood should exist in a private sphere, separate from both men and politics.
B) Motherhood was a job unto itself, and mothers should be represented by a union.
C) Working-class women lacked the proper financial resources to be mothers.
D) Society needed to protect motherhood for the good of the nation.

Question 12

Carrie Chapman Catt believed that the passage of a woman suffrage law in what state would win support of a constitutional amendment in the House of Representatives?

A) Virginia
B) California
C) Tennessee
D) New York

Question 13

How did the nursing profession in the United States change between 1900 and 1910?

A) More men entered the profession, and women were pushed out.
B) Nursing became less important as the number of doctors increased nationwide.
C) The standards for nursing care declined because the country was not at war.
D) There was a dramatic increase in professionally trained nurses.

Question 14

An extremely organized and politicized manifestation of cutting-edge feminism in the Progressive era was the struggle for

A) birth control.
B) woman suffrage
C) female sexual gratification.
D) protective labor laws.

Question 15

As the Supreme Court decision Muller v.Oregon (1908)showed,women's protective labor laws conflicted with

A) legal recognition of men's rights as fathers.
B) the assertion of equal political rights for women and men.
C) social and cultural attitudes toward motherhood.
D) the capitalist idea of freedom of contract and upward mobility.

Question 16

The goal of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL)was to link women workers with

A) their employers.
B) Progressive reformers.
C) the Socialist political agenda.
D) the organized labor movement.

Question 17

By supporting "free unions," young feminists demonstrated that

A) unions could operate without charging dues.
B) communal apartments would ease women's domestic labor.
C) men and women could live and love together in mutual passion.
D) women's emotional health depended on sexual gratification.

Question 18

What did Zitkala-Ša advocate during the Progressive era?

A) The opportunity for talented Indian youth to attend white colleges and universities
B) The establishment of more Indian schools like the Carlisle Indian School
C) Creating industrial workshops on reservations so Indians could become self-sufficient
D) The preservation of Native American traditions and the securing of full citizenship

Question 19

How did clerical work change as more women moved into the occupation?

A) While this work was increasingly open to women, it ceased being an avenue of upward mobility.
B) The technological advancements in office work gave male managers a rationale to replace women with young men.
C) Office work moved from being a low-paid occupation to a higher-paid avenue for professional advancement.
D) Women preferred domestic work to office work because they were accustomed to the tasks involved.

Question 20

In 1914 women organized a silent march down the streets of New York City to

A) demand woman suffrage.
B) support the garment industry strike.
C) demand access to birth control.
D) protest the violence of war.

Question 21

Why did it take so long to win votes for women?

A) The militants and suffragettes alienated legislators with their radical ideas.
B) Suffrage leaders spent too much time focusing on protective labor laws.
C) Large numbers of women with little else in common had to unite behind this goal.
D) The acceptance of black women in NAWSA alienated southern legislators.

Question 22

What was significant for women reformers about the 1912 presidential election?

A) The Democrats had a female vice presidential candidate.
B) The Progressives abandoned their earlier support of woman suffrage.
C) Two of the three political parties supported woman suffrage.
D) Women voters outnumbered men for the first time in history.

Question 23

To introduce a more radical suffrage approach that broke from the NAWSA's previous campaigns,Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

A) conducted a western campaign to oust Democrats from office.
B) advocated a woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution.
C) included black women among its members and leaders.
D) rejected male support, either financial or personal.

Question 24

How did women's entrance into the professions change society's view of paid labor for women?

A) Consumers believed that although women professionals were competent, they were still a second choice to male professionals.
B) Reformers felt it would be more practical for female professionals to wear trousers than dresses in the office.
C) Many Americans came to realize that a woman might choose to work more out of choice than need.
D) Men feared that as more women became professionals, the earnings of professionals would fall substantially.

Question 25

What did the disparity in average working men's and women's wages reflect in 1900?

A) Most working-class women were married and only worked part time.
B) Men had the most skilled jobs.
C) Racist attitudes toward African American female factory workers led to depressed wages for other white women as well.
D) Most women earned more money than men.

Question 26

What ground-breaking step was taken by the National Woman's Party as they tried to push for woman suffrage?

A) Urging that women shut down war industries
B) Calling for the impeachment of antisuffrage officials
C) Admitting African American women members
D) Picketing the White House

Question 27

When the power of the maternalist argument fell short,what issue did reformers have difficulty with?

A) Ending child labor
B) Affordable housing for female-headed families
C) Reliable garbage pickup
D) Banning night work for women workers

Question 28

How did the suffrage movement change in the twentieth century?

A) It lost the support of wealthy women.
B) It focused on social justice issues.
C) It won the support of the liquor industry.
D) It shifted its focus back to winning a constitutional amendment.

Question 29

Activist women viewed supporting the war as an opportunity to

A) demonstrate their right to full citizenship.
B) increase membership in their organizations.
C) gain equal pay for equal work in industrial jobs.
D) end child labor in the United States.

Question 30

Why were the women strikers successful in the garment workers' strike of 1909-1910?

A) Black and white workers joined together to force their demands on employers.
B) Most strikers were native-born Americans who had nativist manufacturers' respect.
C) The Triangle Shirtwaist fire, which occurred during the strike, brought factory owners to the table.
D) Police harassment of upper- and middle-class WTUL members brought newspaper headlines.

Question 31

Why did black women readily join women's clubs after 1900?

A) They were welcomed as allies by white women reformers.
B) They had the same reform enthusiasm as white women reformers.
C) They needed a social outlet after working all day in white women's homes.
D) They were strongly interested in entrepreneurship to escape Jim Crow limits.

Question 32

Why did women establish the Women Wage Earners Association during World War I?

A) To promote the hiring of women in defense industries
B) To accelerate the assimilation of immigrant women into American society
C) To encourage women workers to conserve food
D) To assist migrating black women workers

Question 33

What did African American women hope to gain from suffrage?

A) Higher wages and better working conditions in factories
B) Greater control over their bodies
C) Passage of an anti-lynching law
D) Countering the disenfranchisement of African American men

Question 34

How did the move toward professionalization affect African American women?

A) It led to increased integration with middle-class white women in graduate school and the workplace.
B) Because of Jim Crow laws, African American women had the opportunity to organize and manage their own professional organizations.
C) For the first time, many African American professional women participated in training programs with white women.
D) African American professions challenged family harmony because African American men were excluded from the professions.

Question 35

Female social reformers during the Progressive era often described women's activism by drawing on the image of

A) the misery of immigrant families.
B) public housekeeping.
C) government greed and corruption.
D) radical women such as Emma Goldman.

Question 36

What major class of women was unaffected,practically or legally,by the Nineteenth Amendment?

A) Married women
B) Puerto Rican and Filipino women
C) Women who had not graduated from high school
D) Naturalized citizens

Question 37

What feminist goal did Charlotte Perkins Gilman advocate?

A) Easy access to birth control information and materials
B) Collective housework to ease women's domestic burden
C) Adoption of a pacifist ideology
D) The end to unequal pay for women

Question 38

What strategy did the National Consumers' League develop to argue against the Supreme Court's refusal to accept a maximum workday for women in Lochner v.New York?

A) They called for work stoppages by all women workers.
B) They pushed for affordable day care for women workers.
C) They reasoned that women workers needed special protection because they could become mothers.
D) They demanded paid maternal leave to emphasize women workers' maternal duties.

Question 39

Jane Addams became the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for

A) helping negotiate an end to World War I.
B) playing a vital role in the woman suffrage movement.
C) the class harmony she achieved through her settlement house movement.
D) her role in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Question 40

Margaret Sanger was arrested in 1916 for

A) picketing the White House.
B) protesting America's entry into World War I.
C) operating a birth control clinic.
D) organizing a strike in the garment industry.