Deck 11: Modern feminism and American societ

Question 1

What was consciousness-raising?

A) Small groups dedicated to encouraging women to become political leaders
B) Groups of women who shared their experiences in order to understand female subordination and alienation
C) Women who began to live in women-only households
D) Lesbians who encouraged each other to publicize their sexual orientation

Answer 1

Groups of women who shared their experiences in order to understand female subordination and alienation

Question 2

What did the surge of popular magazine articles about "marriage contracts" in the 1970s illustrate?

A) The growing place of women in the profession of law
B) The willingness of popular magazines to ridicule new ideas
C) The willingness of the mainstream to accept changes to customs
D) The greater likelihood of white women over black women to support radical change

Answer 2

The willingness of the mainstream to accept changes to customs

Question 3

The Black Power movement inspired women's liberation with its

A) success at mobilizing the intellectual elite.
B) success with nonviolent protests.
C) interpretation of women as mothers rather than political actors.
D) emphasis on self-determination rather than integration.

Answer 3

emphasis on self-determination rather than integration.

Question 4

What were the two issues from the 1970s that carried the impact of feminism to the center of national politics and created the great controversy?

A) Reproductive rights and the ERA
B) Violence against women and women's safety issues
C) Equality in the workplace and affordable day care
D) Sexual harassment and equitable working conditions and wages

Question 5

What was the core belief of Shulamith Firestone as expressed in her book The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution?

A) Differences between the sexes were not biological but societal.
B) Women would be happier in lesbian relationships.
C) The most basic human conflict was not economic but sexual.
D) The major problem in the women's liberation movement was racism.

Question 6

The first national political event at which the women's liberation movement made its appearance was a

A) 1970 rally in support of the Equal Rights Amendment.
B) 1965 gathering of Black Panther Party members.
C) 1968 antiwar demonstration in the nation's capital.
D) 1973 pro-choice rally in New York City.

Question 7

What was the main effect of the Moynihan Report on the dawning feminist movement?

A) Black men and women both opposed the conclusion that female-headed households in the black community were "pathological."
B) Black and white feminists were brought closer together to work for better employment opportunities for black men.
C) Many black women were driven into the Black Muslim movement as a protest against black men's promiscuity and irresponsibility.
D) Black women were forced by the recommendation to end Head Start to put federally supported child care at the top of their policy reform lists.

Question 8

What type of revolutionary change did the women's liberation movement seek?

A) The cultural transformation of American society
B) Legal justice for women
C) The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
D) The election of the nation's first female president

Question 9

The founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW)expected the organization to serve as a

A) mass membership support organization.
B) lobbying and litigating group.
C) consciousness-raising group.
D) new political party.

Question 10

What was the main connection among the antiwar,civil rights,and feminist movements?

A) Women's leadership in the civil war and antiwar movements gave them confidence to launch a women's movement.
B) Women's frustration with their exclusion from leadership in the other movements led them to insist on equality and liberation.
C) Men in the other movements repeatedly urged women to push for equal rights.
D) Black women were among the earliest feminist leaders and pushed their white peers toward a woman-focused movement.

Question 11

What did Native American female activists bring to the feminist movement?

A) The fight for welfare rights
B) A demand for ethnic diversity
C) An emphasis on spirituality
D) The challenging of ethnic stereotypes

Question 12

Why did American women as a whole not get ahead financially in the 1970s despite concerted campaigns and legislative gains?

A) Economic changes in the 1970s brought hard times to many Americans.
B) Married women left the workplace in response to cultural pressures.
C) Workplace discrimination meant that women stayed clustered in low-paying jobs.
D) High competition among baby boomers for jobs kept wages low.

Question 13

What did women liberationists discuss during "speak-outs"?

A) Discrimination they experienced in higher education
B) Examples of sexual harassment in the workplace
C) The burden of unwanted pregnancies
D) Their experiences as rape victims

Question 14

What was a radical change in sexual thinking and behavior for women liberationists?

A) They insisted that intercourse was the only way for women to feel sexual pleasure.
B) They accepted that many women experienced sexual frigidity.
C) Many of them pursued sexual relations with each other.
D) Many came to define their sexuality solely in terms of their appeal to men.

Question 15

What change was Eleanor Holmes Norton responsible for as head of the EEOC?

A) Adoption of an affirmative action program by the Nixon administration
B) An end to economic discrimination based on marital status
C) A successful legal challenge to sex-segregated labor in the airline industry
D) Establishment of guidelines against sexual harassment in the workplace

Question 16

What did the popularity of television's Mary Tyler Moore Show in the 1970s reflect?

A) The popular acceptance of abortion in American society
B) The belief held by most Americans that single women can't be whole without a man
C) The irony that a fictional woman executive had to be solely a figure of ridicule
D) The appeal of the show to younger females with career goals

Question 17

What did many young lesbians feel was the root of discrimination against lesbians?

A) Sexism within the media
B) Oppression of women by the patriarchy
C) Lack of support from the women's liberation movement
D) Hostility toward women by gay men

Question 18

What was one of African American women's most distinctive contributions to women's activism?

A) The strengthening of women's labor leadership
B) The struggle for women's welfare rights
C) The fight for lesbian rights
D) The integration of men into the movement

Question 19

Why did Esther Peterson and the Women's Bureau initially oppose amending the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include women?

A) The language of the amendment did not include the term "gender."
B) They were from the South and supported Jim Crow laws.
C) They worried that the legislation would undermine state protections of women.
D) They were responding to political pressure from President Johnson.

Question 20

How did the feminist movement change higher education?

A) The inclusion of women in traditionally male sports
B) Broadening academic disciplines that had marginalized or ignored women
C) The availability of the "morning after" pill in campus clinics
D) The increase in women who attended women's colleges

Question 21

In Roe v.Wade (1973),the Supreme Court

A) ruled unconstitutional all state laws making abortion a crime.
B) ended widespread sterilization of minority women.
C) used the Fourteenth Amendment to protect women from discrimination.
D) widened the legal loophole that allowed doctors to perform abortions.

Question 22

Fictional portrayals of women's sexuality such as that offered by Erica Jong in Fear of Flying (1973)

A) were pornography masquerading as feminism.
B) trivialized women's struggle to think in new ways about their own sexuality.
C) showed little staying power because they reflected images of traditional femininity.
D) challenged double standards of sexual pleasure for women and men.

Question 23

Why did SDS women begin to meet separately from SDS men?

A) They were tired of male ministers occupying the leadership positions.
B) SDS cast women's role as mothers of a new generation and not as political actors.
C) Many were uncomfortable with SDS's adoption of the New Left ideology.
D) Many SDS men were hostile to women's issues and concerns.

Question 24

What was the role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the dawning feminist movement of the 1960s?

A) It provoked women by refusing to hear complaints based on sex discrimination.
B) It served as a lightning rod for many complaints of workplace discrimination.
C) It shifted from racial discrimination toward women's career concerns.
D) It set an example by hiring only women and people of color.

Question 25

One of the major challenges confronting second-wave feminism was creating a

A) new egalitarian economic model for American society.
B) mission statement that did not radically threaten the status quo.
C) more inclusive, diverse women's freedom movement.
D) list of legislative priorities to build concrete progress.

Question 26

What did many feminists of color encourage when they formulated the concept of identity politics?

A) A multiplicity of feminist voices, reflecting the diversity of women's experiences
B) The unitary statement of a common women's oppression
C) The spread of consciousness-raising groups and social action
D) An appeal to uninvolved women through targeted advertising and campaigning

Question 27

What act made Representative Howard Smith of Virginia,a public opponent of federal civil rights legislation,famous?

A) Adding "women" as a protected class to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) Making a speech saying that women and African Americans should stop agitating
C) Denouncing women who brought their daughters to civil rights demonstrations
D) Leading a protest march against passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964

Question 28

What is Title IX?

A) An amendment to a federal law that prohibits discrimination in federally funded education programs, including sports
B) A federal regulation that ended affirmative action as an antidiscrimination tool
C) Legislation that introduced public funding, making it easier for women to run for office
D) A law that extended the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly to women

Question 29

The counterculture of the 1960s affected sexual liberation by

A) encouraging women to attend college before they considered marriage.
B) encouraging experimentation with new living arrangements in communes.
C) creating a maternalist bent to the ideology of sexual liberation.
D) restoring abstinence to a place of honor among young people.

Question 30

In the 1970s,some feminists were intolerant of transgendered people because they felt that transgendered individuals

A) embraced the stereotypes the movement opposed.
B) caused increased hostility to their movement.
C) brought their male prejudices with them.
D) would win more sympathy than women.

Question 31

For what act did the Boston Women's Health Collective become known?

A) Establishment of the first shelter for abused wives
B) Encouragement of women to become obstetricians
C) Publication of a book on women's bodies and needs
D) Development of a "morning after" pill

Question 32

The feminist argument that "the personal is political" meant that the power inequities women faced in society could be found in the

A) personal struggles of women in leadership positions.
B) social roles taught in schools and higher education.
C) feminization of personal weakness.
D) smallest details of daily life.

Question 33

Which group made up 20 percent of the delegates to the National Women's Conference in Houston in 1977?

A) Lesbians who demanded legalization of same-sex marriages
B) Socialists who advocated a change in American economic structures
C) Conservatives who were activists against abortion rights and the ERA
D) Men who supported women in their fight for equal rights

Question 34

Robin Morgan's anthology,Sisterhood Is Powerful (1970),made its substantial mark by

A) denouncing lesbianism as a distraction from the main focus of women's liberation.
B) uniting racially and ethnically diverse voices of the women's liberation movement.
C) calling on young women liberationists to boycott the organization NOW.
D) insisting on distribution in women's bookstores only to promote the feminist message.

Question 35

What criticism was made of Chicana feminists by Chicano men?

A) They encouraged Chicano men's machismo.
B) They were too closely allied to white feminists and Anglo ideas.
C) Their self-sufficiency led to an increase in single-parent households.
D) They were too tied to Latin culture to accept equality between the sexes.

Question 36

What helped spur inroads against workplace gender discrimination in the 1970s?

A) Most states adopting laws that prohibited discrimination against women
B) Congressional legislation banning discrimination in a variety of venues
C) A revolution in public opinion that opened traditionally male jobs to women
D) Combined federal actions and local efforts targeting companies that discriminated

Question 37

What radical action supposedly took place at a protest of the Miss America pageant in 1968?

A) Wearing old-fashioned bathing suits
B) Picketing network television
C) Women burning bras
D) Throwing paint on furs

Question 38

Why did some new female activists reject the term "feminism"?

A) They viewed it as too old-fashioned and circumscribed.
B) Many thought it was too radical of a term.
C) New activists felt it was too tainted with the failures of the past.
D) The term alienated too many middle-class women.

Question 39

The labor movement's desire for access to all occupations and equal pay for equal work was reflected by the

A) ratification of the ERA in 1976.
B) AFL-CIO's endorsement of the ERA in 1973.
C) election of Ronald Reagan, a former union president, in 1980.
D) Teamsters' election of a woman president in 1976.

Question 40

What was NOW hoping to bring attention to when it held the National Women's Strike for Equality?

A) Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) Sexism of the Miss America contest
C) Abortion rights
D) Rights of migrant workers