Deck 11: Children With Visual Impairments

Question 1

Cognitive development of children with visual impairments

A) is no different than the normal development.
B) because they can only rely on their hearing.
C) is affected by their lack of integrating experience.
D) is higher than children with hearing impairment

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The transparent front portion of the tough outer coat of the eyeball is called the

A) lens.
B) retina.
C) cornea.
D) ciliary.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Two people with well-functioning sense organs can interpret the same visual experience differently,depending on their

A) brain and eye.
B) brain and training.
C) experience and training.
D) eyes and optic nerve.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Presently the best measurement of intelligence for children with visual impairment is the

A) performance section of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
B) the full scale Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
C) verbal section of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
D) proprioception test.

Question 5

A child who is blind

A) must use Braille for reading.
B) cannot use vision for learning.
C) will be best served in a residential school.
D) only needs help with academics.

Question 6

The muscular partition in the eye that expands and contracts to regulate the amount of light admitted is called the

A) iris.
B) lens.
C) pupil.
D) retina.

Question 7

Stacy has a profound visual disability.Which of these statements concerning Stacy is true?

A) Her vision can be almost entirely corrected with visual aids.
B) Her vision can be helped somewhat with visual aids.
C) She cannot use vision as an educational tool.
D) Her vision could also be classified as low vision.

Question 8

The number of children who are visually impaired is ______________ than the number of children who are intellectually or developmentally delayed or learning disabled.

A) slightly less
B) slightly more
C) significantly less
D) significantly more

Question 9

Which of the following is an environmental condition leading to a visual impairment?

A) Retinopathy of prematurity
B) Hyperopia
C) Nystagmus
D) Albinism

Question 10

The restricted mobility and consequent limited experiences of individuals with visual impairments appear to cause

A) hostility and depression.
B) fear and stress.
C) depression and anxiety.
D) passivity and dependency.

Question 11

The largest causal factor in visual impairments is

A) heredity.
B) injury.
C) infection.
D) abnormal tissue growth.

Question 12

About four children in ______________ qualify by school standards for having a visual impairment.

A) one hundred
B) one thousand
C) five thousand
D) ten thousand

Question 13

Social skills training for children with visual impairments is very important to the child's overall classroom success.Peer-mediated training in social skills was found to

A) produce similar improvement to the teacher instruction.
B) produce more improvements than the teacher instruction.
C) produce less improvements than the teacher instruction.
D) produce more improvements than the teacher instruction initially, but the improvements were quickly lost.

Question 14

The light-sensitive innermost layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball is the

A) iris.
B) retina.
C) cornea.
D) ciliary.

Question 15

Donna has faulty visual interpretation.Her condition could be the result of

A) defective eyes.
B) brain injury.
C) inadequate experience.
D) any of these.

Question 16

Which of these statements is true of children who are legally blind?

A) They may be able to sense light and darkness.
B) They are always able to see colors.
C) They depend on their sight as a primary means of getting information about the world.
D) They are the largest group of people with visual impairments.

Question 17

The changing in the shape of the lens to focus on an object is called

A) accommodation.
B) convergence.
C) retinopathy.
D) sensory compensation.

Question 18

Children with low vision can learn through

A) Braille.
B) the same methods that children without visual impairments use.
C) the tactile sense.
D) the visual sense by using special technology and training.

Question 19

Which of the following terms is closest in meaning to the term low vision?

A) Legally blind
B) Partially sighted
C) Severe visual impairment
D) Totally blind

Question 20

Research has demonstrated that children with visual impairments were ______________ in their play skills,especially in the area of symbolic play.

A) advanced
B) significantly delayed
C) slightly delayed
D) on age level

Question 21

The four steps in the assessment process are

A) screening, formal testing, normative testing, and progress evaluation.
B) screening, eligibility, instructional planning, and progress evaluation.
C) sensory compensation testing, academic testing, social skill evaluation, and physical development evaluation.
D) screening, academic testing, instructional planning, and progress evaluation.

Question 22

The role that teachers play in the personal social adjustment of children with visual impairments is to

A) shelter the child from problems.
B) intervene to prevent isolation from sighted peers.
C) anticipate as many of the child's needs as possible.
D) single the child out for special help in front of the class.

Question 23

An example of an expanded CORE curriculum for a student with visual impairments is

A) orientation and mobility.
B) math skills.
C) reading skills.
D) communication skills

Question 24

Which of the following is (are)an area of special instruction needed by most students with visual impairments?

A) Concepts that require long periods of concentration for understanding
B) Concepts and skills related to higher math, such as calculus
C) Concepts that sighted children learn through incidental visual observation
D) All of these.

Question 25

Sacks and Kekelis's recommendations to regular educators working with students with visual impairments is to

A) avoid discussing the student's disability with other students.
B) encourage students with visual impairments to interact with peers.
C) discourage questions from peers regarding visual impairments.
D) structure class activities to reduce chances of failure for students with visual impairments.

Question 26

Using Lowenfeld general principles,an appropriate adaptation to a science lesson for a student with severe visual disability would be

A) a 3-D model of the atom.
B) a lecture format.
C) a book on tape.
D) small-group instruction.

Question 27

Regarding personal and social adjustments,we find that passivity and dependence in children with visual impairments appear to be caused by

A) lack of self-esteem.
B) parents.
C) restricted mobility and limited experience.
D) the failure of the teacher to understand the need for greater motivation.

Question 28

Jeanine,who is blind,needs to be taught the principle of concreteness.To do this,the teacher could

A) give her an unplugged electric fan to touch and feel.
B) play a recording of city sounds.
C) show her a raised drawing of a doll's house.
D) guide her in drawing a picture of a triangle.

Question 29

A blind child best acquires the concept of a box by

A) being told the many characteristics of a box.
B) studying the various definitions of a box.
C) telling others the definitions of a box.
D) feeling, touching, and manipulating different boxes.

Question 30

Laura is a student with visual impairment.The best way for Laura's teacher to treat her is to

A) not pamper her or treat her differently in front of the other children.
B) give her special attention whenever possible.
C) avoid having her compete with others in class activities.
D) never allow her to experience failure.

Question 31

A teacher who explains relationships among objects for a student with visual impairment is providing

A) practice in learning by doing.
B) examples of concreteness.
C) unifying experiences.
D) early intervention.

Question 32

The standard instrument used in schools to screen the vision of students is the

A) Bausch Orthorater.
B) Keystone Telebinocular.
C) Panoramic View Tester.
D) Snellen Chart.

Question 33

Which of the following is true concerning the sensory perception of blind children?

A) They need to rely on other senses for information.
B) Their proprioception decreases with age.
C) The doctrine of sensory compensation usually holds true.
D) The doctrine of sensory compensation applies to all disabling conditions.

Question 34

Lowered expectations for students with visual impairments by those around them is often the result of

A) poor student performance.
B) lack of appropriate adaptations.
C) student passivity and dependence.
D) lack of experience with visual impairments.

Question 35

Problems in personal and social adjustment

A) are the same for sighted persons.
B) do not follow as a natural result of blindness.
C) cannot be avoided by an individual with severe visual impairment.
D) are worse in children who are congenitally blind.

Question 36

Many teachers who have not had previous experience with students who are visually impaired tend to

A) expect too much of such a student.
B) expect too little of such a student.
C) ignore such a student.
D) reject such a student.

Question 37

One way that children with severe visual impairments acquire language is by

A) listening.
B) watching movements.
C) watching facial expressions.
D) using all of these methods.

Question 38

Formal efforts in the United States to educate children with visual impairments began in

A) Boston.
B) New York.
C) Philadelphia.
D) Washington, D.C.

Question 39

Technological aids for people with visual impairments generally

A) make use of extra environmental cues.
B) augment other senses (usually hearing) to compensate.
C) conserve whatever residual sight is left.
D) fabricate alternative methods for sight and perception.

Question 40

It's important for children with visual impairments to learn not to fear new experiences or injury so that

A) they feel comfortable communicating with others.
B) they enjoy school.
C) they are able to read braille.
D) they develop a sense of control of themselves and their environments.

Question 41

The transparent front portion of the tough outer coat of the eyeball is called the

A) retinopathy.
B) lens.
C) cornea.
D) retina.

Question 42

The sensory compensation doctrine,where when one sense becomes deficient,other senses become strengthened is

A) well documented.
B) not supported by research.
C) an untested theory.
D) a compensation that only occurs with blindness.

Question 43

Because visual impairment is a low incidence disability making up a very small percentage of the school population,

A) services are not provided.
B) resource teachers are used exclusively.
C) support teachers are used exclusively.
D) it is difficult to cluster the children for instructional purposes.

Question 44

Braille readers can read at ___________ rate than print readers.

A) the same
B) a three times slower
C) twice the
D) half the

Question 45

A parent who gradually reduces the amount of help given to a child as the child becomes more competent at a task is employing a technique known as

A) activity training.
B) fading.
C) object constancy.
D) object permanence.

Question 46

Passivity among visually impaired persons is primarily due to

A) lack of motivation and restricted learning experiences.
B) poor tactile sense and lack of motivation.
C) restricted mobility and poor tactile sense.
D) restricted mobility and restricted learning experiences.

Question 47

Social skills for students with visual impairments should include posture,facial expressions,speech,and

A) assertiveness.
B) compliance.
C) safety.
D) reliability.

Question 48

The most efficient readers of Braille show an average reading rate that is ______________ that of a print reader.

A) equal to
B) slightly faster than
C) much faster than
D) much slower than

Question 49

Technological aids for people with visual impairments generally

A) augment other senses (usually hearing) to compensate.
B) make use of extra environmental cues.
C) conserve whatever residual sight is left.
D) fabricate alternative methods for sight and perception.

Question 50

It's important for children with visual impairments to learn not to fear new experiences or injury so that

A) they feel comfortable communicating with others.
B) they enjoy school.
C) they are able to read Braille.
D) they develop a sense of control of themselves and their environments.

Question 51

Two of the greatest limitations imposed by blindness are

A) confusion and lethargy.
B) disorientation and immobility.
C) the inability to communicate and to concentrate.
D) the inability to work and to have close personal relationships.

Question 52

Sets of different sized lines of text in the Snellen chart are used to

A) screen for astigmatism.
B) screen for visual acuity.
C) screen for nystagmus.
D) screen for strabisnus.

Question 53

Problems in personal and social adjustment

A) are the same for farsighted persons.
B) do not follow as a natural result of blindness.
C) cannot be avoided by an individual with severe visual impairment.
D) are worse in children who are congenitally blind.

Question 54

Retinopathy of prematurity is primarily due to

A) infections before birth.
B) lack of oxygen provided to premature infants.
C) over administration of oxygen to premature infants.
D) unbalanced ciliary muscles.

Question 55

Ideally,there should be one professional person who coordinates and leads a team of professions who,with the child's parents,develop and IEP for the child.This person is often referred to as the

A) case coordinator.
B) itinerant teacher.
C) consultant.
D) school psychologist.

Question 56

Retinopathy of prematurity has been shown to be associated with

A) low birth weight.
B) illness.
C) bacterial infection.
D) viral infection.

Question 57

Muscles that control the movement of the eyeball in the socket are called

A) extrinsic muscles.
B) intrinsic muscles.
C) ciliary muscles.
D) socket muscles.

Question 58

In the Braille system,each cell contains how many dots?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Six
D) Ten

Question 59

Braille training,Orientation and Mobility training and specific IEP goals would best be served in a Tier ___ setting.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 60

About one child in _____________ has a visual impairment so severe it cannot be corrected.

A) one hundred
B) one thousand
C) five thousand
D) ten thousand

Question 61

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
Changes in the shape of the lens in the eye in order to focus on objects less than 20 feet away.

Question 62

Visual impairments fall along a ______________,with ______________ vision at one end and profound visual ______________ (______________)at the other.

Question 63

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
Change in the extrinsic muscles of the eye.

Question 64

Even the most efficient Braille reader shows an average rate of reading about ___________________ or ___________________ times slower than that of a print reader.

Question 65

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
Muscles that control changes in the shape of the lens so that the eye can focus on objects at varying distances.

Question 66

___________________ framework helps us to see that inflexible curricular materials and methods are barriers to diverse learners,just as inflexible buildings with stairs as the only entry option are barriers to people with physical disabilities.

Question 67

The ___________________ is an example of a standard school screening instruments for vision.

Question 68

___________________ is the child's feeling that he or she cannot do anything worthwhile or useful.

Question 69

About ___________ percent of students with visual impairments are in regular class placements.

A) 18
B) 35
C) 62
D) 75

Question 70

How do educators adapt an instructional program for students with visual disabilities?

Question 71

Discuss the effects of limited experiences on the intellectual development of visually impaired preschool children.

Question 72

The factor responsible for the majority of legal blindness in young children is ___________________,an infectious disease.In addition to infections,___________________ was a major cause of blindness due to over administration of oxygen to premature infants.

Question 73

___________________ is the area most affected in the information processing model.

Question 74

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
The transparent anterior portion of the tough outer coat of the eyeball.

Question 75

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
Adaptations to a computer's normal operations that allow a student with disabilities to use and benefit from the computer's operations.

Question 76

___________________ is an understanding of one's location in a given environment and ___________________ is the ability to move through that environment safely and independently.

Question 77

Match each statement to the item listed below
a.Accommodation
b.Access technology
c.Braille
d.Ciliary muscles
e.Convergence
f.Cornea
A system using embossed characters in different combinations of six dots arranged in a cell that allows people with profound visual impairments to read by touch as well as to write using special aids.

Question 78

Discuss how the three layers of service of the Response to Invention can be implemented with students with visual disabilities.

Question 79

The expanded core curriculum for the visually impaired includes skills in

A) orientation and mobility.
B) auditory acuity training.
C) Braille.
D) use of technology.