Deck 6: Italy Before the Romans

Question 1

Which of the following was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at Tarquinia without the expensive and time-consuming excavation process?

A) periscope
B) underground seismograph
C) surveying local black market dealers
D) careful measurement of the entire Tarquinia cemetery

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In Etruscan iconography,which of the following symbolized regeneration?

A) wine
B) birds
C) egg
D) bees

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The column used on Etruscan temples is similar to which type of Greek column?

A) Doric
B) Ionic
C) Corinthian
D) Composite

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The center for the bronze cista industry was located in which of the following cities?

A) Rome
B) Tarquinia
C) Palestrina
D) Veii

Question 5

Which of the following works of art illustrates how Romanized the Etruscans became in the 1?? century BCE?

A) Apulu Veii
B) Aule Metele
C) Fibula, Regolini-Galassi Tomb
D) Reclining Couple Sarcophagus

Question 6

During the sixth century BCE,Etruscans favored monumental sarcophagi that contained which of the following?

A) bones of the deceased
B) bones of the entire family
C) ashes of the deceased
D) ashes of the deceased and his or her slaves

Question 7

Unlike Greek temples,Etruscan temples were not meant to be seen as sculptural masses.Which of the following architectural elements would this?

A) Columns completely encircled the structure
B) The entrance was centered at the front of the structure
C) The front and rear of the structure were indistinguishable
D) Narrowed staircases were found on all four sides of the structure

Question 8

The Etruscans preferred which the following materials for sculpture?

A) marble
B) gold
C) terracotta
D) limestone

Question 9

The theme celebrated in both the Tomb of the Leopards and the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing is which of the following?

A) the joy of life
B) the gloom of death
C) victory in battle
D) the sorrow of death

Question 10

The typical tomb form found at Cerveteri is which of the following?

A) mausoleum
B) tumulus
C) tomb-shrine
D) small Etruscan house-shaped terracotta

Question 11

The fibula excavated from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb illustrates motifs borrowed from the Orient.Which of the following is one of the Oriental motifs?

A) walking lions
B) standing ibexes
C) she-wolf
D) galloping centaurs

Question 12

The banquet setting seen in the Tomb of the Leopards takes place in which of the following settings?

A) a palace dining room
B) a private house
C) the open air
D) the council chambers of the king

Question 13

The wide,overhang roof of the Etruscan temple could function as which of the following?

A) a place of shelter
B) a sculptural mass to be seen from all directions
C) a poor copy of a Greek temple
D) an ill-defined home for the priests

Question 14

The Etruscans shared a common linguistic heritage and religious reliefs,but they lacked which of the following?

A) political cohesion
B) being ruled by a king
C) extensive international trade experience
D) a strong navy for defense and trade

Question 15

Terracotta sarcophagi showing life-sized reclining figures are most typical of which of the following centuries?

A) 2nd century BCE
B) 6th century BCE
C) 1st century BCE
D) 9th century BCE

Question 16

Which century marks the incorporation of Etruria into the Roman Empire?

A) 1st century BCE
B) 3rd century CE
C) 5th century BCE
D) 2nd century CE

Question 17

Pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in Etruscan temple architecture.Normally the Etruscans placed their narrative statuary on which of the following elements?

A) the peaks of the temple roof
B) the double niches on the porches
C) only in interior niches in the cella
D) only in niches next to the entrance

Question 18

How were Etruscan cemeteries arranged?

A) They were arranged around a center pyramid
B) They were arranged in haphazard manner
C) They were arranged in an orderly manner
D) There were no cemeteries, burials were allowed in the home garden of the deceased

Question 19

The sarcophagus of Lars Pulena was made in the early second century BCE.His expression was somber;although Lars Pulena is shown reclining,he is not at a festive banquet.Which of the following could account for this?
A) A funeral called for gloomy behavior

A) The family was Roman and did not follow Etruscan funeral practices
B) It illustrated the decline in Etruscan fortunes
C) It illustrated the decline in the fortune of Lars Pulena

Question 20

Which of the following allowed Etruscan society to transform itself in the 7th century BCE?

A) an alliance with Republican Rome
B) an alliance with Greek colonies in the South
C) great mineral wealth
D) a strong navy

Question 21

What was the general mood of the paintings found in earlier Etruscan tombs?

Question 22

The independent spirit and relative freedom Etruscan women enjoyed horrified which of the following?

A) Greco-Roman male authors
B) Egyptian male authors
C) Etruscan male authors
D) Trojan male authors

Question 23

Which of the following describes Etruscan art?

A) It was a combination of motion and vitality
B) It was a combination of stability and calm
C) It was a combination of rigid frontality and symmetry
D) It was a mass of cylindrical forms

Question 24

The Apulu of Veii is made of which of the following materials?

A) bronze
B) terracotta
C) marble
D) wood

Question 25

What is granulation and how is it used?

Question 26

What kinds of objects have been found in Etruscan tombs?

Question 27

Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the Etruscan temple?

A) the sides
B) the entryways
C) the pediment
D) the roof

Question 28

The Etruscans became citizens of which the following in the first century BCE?

A) Rome
B) Perugia
C) Paestum
D) Athens

Question 29

Briefly describe the role of women in Etruscan society.

Question 30

Which of the following mythical scenes decorated the Ficoroni Cista?

A) the Argonauts
B) Medusa and Perseus
C) lapiths and centaurs
D) the gods versus the giants

Question 31

The Etruscans preferred what building material(s)for their temples?

A) marble
B) limestone
C) wood and mudbrick
D) glazed brick

Question 32

The Etruscan temple differed from the Greek temple because it had which of the following?

A) an ionic frieze
B) a false porch
C) no roof
D) three cellas

Question 33

Etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following?

A) intarsia
B) marble sculpture
C) weaving
D) metalworking

Question 34

How do Etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of Etruscan society?

Question 35

How did the Etruscans typically bury their dead?

A) on high mountaintops
B) in columbaria within the city limits
C) in subterranean rooms arranged along a network of streets in a city of the dead
D) in catacombs outside the city walls

Question 36

The wall painting in the Tomb of the Leopards portrays which of the following?

A) the Roman invasion
B) centaurs and lapiths
C) banqueters and musicians
D) funeral processions

Question 37

What is tufa,and what effect did it have on the construction of Etruscan tombs?

Question 38

In what way does the Etruscan temple differ from the Greek temple?

Question 39

How does the portrait of Aule Metele or the Orator reflect on the climax of Etruscan society and art?

Question 40

Who or what is Tinia?

A) lady of Vulci
B) Greek goddess
C) an ancient cloak
D) Etruscan god

Question 41

How does the Porta Marzia (Gate of Mars)reflect Etruscan architectural practices?

Question 42

How do these works reflect late Etruscan society?

Question 43

In depicting human figures,what forms and style did Etruscan sculptors favor?

Question 44

Contrast Etruscan and Greek sculpture.How did the Etruscans adapt Greek sculpture? What changes did the Etruscans initiate? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 45

How do these works reflect their periods?

Question 46

Describe Etruscan tomb murals.How do they describe the Etruscan psyche? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 47

How did artistic conventions from Greece influence Etruscan art? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 48

Describe Etruscan tomb and temple architecture.How are they uniquely Etruscan? Use examples to support your essay

Question 49

How did the status of the Etruscan woman differ from her Greek counterpart? How did this difference affect the art? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

How did the sarcophagus of Lars Pulena reflect contemporary Etruscan society?

Question 51

How do these interiors describe the Etruscan psyche?

Question 52

Explain the impact Rome had on late Etruscan art and society.Use examples to support your essay.

Question 53

Describe an Etruscan necropolis,the tomb arrangement,and the interior decorative programs.Use examples to support your essay.

Question 54

Examine the commerce and trade relationships the Etruscans had in the Mediterranean.How did these relationships influence their art? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 55

How do these works reflect the status of women?

Question 56

Describe Etruscan necropoli and their location.

Question 57

Evaluate the differences and the similarities between Etruscan and Egyptian sarcophagi.Include in your discussion the aesthetic needs of the Etruscan.How were these needs different from Egyptian aesthetic needs? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 58

What do Etruscan tombs tell us about Etruscan lives? Include in your discussion the type of goods placed in the tombs for the deceased and the interior decorative programs.Use examples to illustrate your discussion.

Question 59

How do these works relate to Etruscan society?

Question 60

How do these relate to Etruscan housing?

Question 61

Contrast these works.What do they say about Etruscan art?

Question 62

Contrast the various features of these buildings.How did the Etruscans re-shape and change the original design?

Question 63

How do these works reflect Etruscan art and religious beliefs?

Question 64

What do the material and decoration of these pieces tell us about the Etruscans?