Deck 13: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be tried for the same case in both the juvenile court and the criminal court.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Roper v.Simmons
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Miller v.Alabama

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In ______, the Supreme Court justices determined that age was an important factor in determining whether a juvenile should be subjected to the death penalty.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Roper v.Simmons
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Thompson v.Oklahoma

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following institutions focused NOT only on young offenders but also on children whose parents were unable to care for them due to disease, neglect, or death?

A)house of refuge
B)reform school
C)detention center
D)juvenile court

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

A)prostitution
B)truancy
C)public intoxication
D)jaywalking

Question 5

______ created what is considered to be the first juvenile court in the United States.

A)Massachusetts
B)Illinois
C)Indiana
D)Florida

Question 6

In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles must be informed of their right to remain silent, have the right to attorney (including having one provided for them if they cannot afford one), have the right to a reasonable notice of the charges against them, and have the right to confront and cross examine witnesses.

A)In re Winship
B)In re Gualt
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 7

In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that to waive jurisdiction without a hearing was a violation of the U.S.Constitution.This finding was significant as it was the first time that the structure of the juvenile court was successfully challenged by the Court.In many ways, this decision provided the foundation for subsequent cases to fight for the due process rights for juveniles.

A)In re Winship
B)In re Gualt
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 8

What was the focus of the early refuge institutions?

A)educate
B)corporal punishment
C)rehabilitate
D)deter

Question 9

The Society for Prevention of Pauperism established the first house of refuge in ______.

A)Massachusetts
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 10

______ refers to an act committed by a juvenile that would NOT be considered a crime if committed by an adult such as running away and truancy.

A)Delinquent act
B)Status offense
C)youthful crime
D)Dependency

Question 11

______ refers to the belief that certain classes of the poor were dishonest, lazy, and manipulate individuals.

A)Refuge
B)Pauperism
C)Reform
D)Patriae

Question 12

______ cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

A)Delinquent act
B)Status offense
C)Crime
D)Dependency

Question 13

In ______ held that there was no national consensus prohibiting the death penalty for juvenile murderers who were either 16 or 17 years old at the time of their crime.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Stanford v.Kentucky
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Thompson v.Oklahoma

Question 14

In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles do NOT have the constitutional right to a jury.

A)In re Winship
B)In re Gualt
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 15

______ custody means that the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child.

A)Dependent
B)Legal
C)Physical
D)Formal

Question 16

In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof for juvenile adjudication hearings must be beyond a reasonable doubt.

A)In re Winship
B)In re Gualt
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 17

Which of the following translates to "the best interests of the child" and was used to justify the removal of youth from their families and their placement under the care of institutions?

A)parens patriae
B)parens precipitate
C)state patriae
D)state precipitate

Question 18

Unlike issues such as crime or poverty, ______ was seen as the "undeserving poor."

A)refuge
B)pauperism
C)reform
D)patriae

Question 19

______ refers NOT only to those acts that would be considered criminal under the law, but also to status offenses.

A)Delinquency
B)Status offense
C)Youthful crime
D)Dependency

Question 20

The child savers reform movements was comprised of primarily ______.

A)lower-class uneducated woman
B)middle-class educated woman
C)middle-class educated men
D)lower-class uneducated men

Question 21

Which of the following types of diversion programs use a victim- and community-centered approach designed to repair the harms caused by the delinquent behavior?

A)case management
B)family-based treatment
C)restorative justice
D)individual treatment

Question 22

Which of the following types of diversion programs use peers from the community to "sentence" offenders for low-level acts of delinquency?

A)case management
B)family-based treatment
C)youth court
D)individual treatment

Question 23

In juvenile justice, ______ refers to the trial.

A)intake
B)adjudication
C)disposition
D)commitment

Question 24

In juvenile justice, ______ refers to the sentence.

A)intake
B)adjudication
C)disposition
D)commitment

Question 25

In juvenile cases, which of the following individuals renders the decision in a case?

A)jury
B)judge
C)prosecutor
D)arresting officer

Question 26

A(n) ______ determines the plan of action for the case.

A)adjudication hearing
B)disposition hearing
C)delinquency case
D)dependency case

Question 27

______ allows for a youth to complete a set of requirements in lieu of being processed by the juvenile court.

A)Dependency
B)Processing
C)Diversion
D)Adjudication

Question 28

A(n) ______ is a legal filing that allows for the juvenile court to retain jurisdiction in a case.

A)adjudication hearing
B)delinquency petition
C)disposition hearing
D)intake

Question 29

______ are short-term interventions that have been modeled after military-style basic-training programs.

A)Halfway houses
B)Group homes
C)Rehabilitation centers
D)Boot camps

Question 30

Unlike adults that are arrested, juveniles enter the system through the ______ branch.

A)intake
B)adjudication
C)disposition
D)waiver

Question 31

______ youth are incarcerated at a rate of 4.5 times greater than ______ youth.

A)African American; White
B)White; Hispanic
C)Asian; African American
D)Hispanic; Asian

Question 32

Which of the following called for a deinstitutionalization of juvenile delinquents and specifically targeted the incarceration of status offenders?

A)Roper v.Simmons (2005)
B)Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974)
C)Juvenile Substance Abuse Act (2000)
D)Juvenile Super Predator Act (2010)

Question 33

Which of the following types of diversion programs provide counseling to offenders to encourage changes to their at-risk or delinquent behavior?

A)case management
B)family-based treatment
C)youth court
D)individual treatment

Question 34

Which of the following types of diversion programs involve supervision at various levels?

A)case management
B)family-based treatment
C)youth court
D)individual treatment

Question 35

In juvenile justice, ______ refers would be called parole in adult court.

A)institutionalization
B)commitment
C)release
D)aftercare

Question 36

A(n) ______ means that the youth did NOT commit a new crime, rather they were punished for breaking the terms and conditions of their community supervision.

A)recidivism violation
B)informal violation
C)formal violation
D)technical violation

Question 37

Which of the following types of diversion programs provides a therapeutic approach not only for the offender but for the parents and siblings as well?

A)case management
B)family-based treatment
C)youth court
D)individual treatment

Question 38

Which of the following are examples of a technical violation?

A)not doing homework
B)failing to check in with siblings
C)violating curfew
D)public intoxication

Question 39

In dependency cases, which of the following situations can take place?

A)children can remain under the custody of their parents without supervision or any counseling
B)children can be moved to another family member or group home while the parents work with social services
C)children cannot be removed from the parents' custody while the court determines whether parental rights should be terminated
D)children can remain under the custody without supervision while the court determines the status of the case

Question 40

______ custody refers to when a youth is sent to live in a temporary home, such as group home, foster family, or with another family member.

A)Dependent
B)Legal
C)Physical
D)Formal

Question 41

Which of the following is similar to being charged in the adult court?

A)adjudicated
B)detention hearing
C)petition
D)aftercare

Question 42

According to proponents of zero-tolerance policies in schools, policies such as these have curbed which of the following criminal behaviors?

A)white-collar
B)alcohol-related
C)bullying
D)aggravated assault

Question 43

Data shows that White and Hispanic youth are most likely to be involved in ______.

A)crimes against persons
B)property crimes
C)drug-related crimes
D)violent crimes

Question 44

In order to have a juvenile cases waived to the adult court the court has to determine whether the juvenile meets which of the following proscribed characteristics?

A)socioeconomic status
B)residency
C)probable cause
D)educational background

Question 45

In a ______, the juvenile court must hold a hearing to assess whether the youth could still benefit from the resources available to the juvenile court.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislative waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)formal waiver

Question 46

Which of the following terms was created by DiJulio to predict a new wave of kids who would NOT have any sense of remorse for their crimes?

A)delinquents plus
B)juvenile predators
C)superpredators
D)juvenilists

Question 47

In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory life without the possibility of parole sentences for juveniles in homicide cases is unconstitutional.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Roper v.Simmons
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Miller v.Alabama

Question 48

Which of the following is similar to parole in the adult system?

A)group homes
B)after care
C)adjudication
D)boot camp

Question 49

Which of the following is similar to the term guilty in the adult system?

A)adjudicated
B)disposition
C)commitment
D)aftercare

Question 50

Data shows that in 2014, girls were more likely to be involved in which of the following crimes?

A)drug-related crimes
B)crimes against persons
C)property crimes
D)violent crimes

Question 51

The process by which a prosecutor files a case involving a juvenile offender in criminal court is referred to as ______.

A)adjudication
B)intake
C)confinement
D)direct file

Question 52

Cases in which the juvenile court has to hold a hearing to assess whether the youth could still benefit from the resources available in the juvenile court are referred to as ______.

A)mandatory waiver
B)legislative waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)judicial waiver

Question 53

Discretionary waivers are also referred to as ______.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislative waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)formal waiver

Question 54

According to opponents of zero-tolerance policies in schools, which of the following may lead students who are late to school to avoid attempting to attend school?

A)fear of being bullied
B)risk of a police encounter
C)time taken checking backpacks
D)sense of alienation

Question 55

In a ______ it is up to the prosecutor to decide whether to file the case in the juvenile court or in the criminal court.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislative waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)formal waiver

Question 56

In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that the execution of individuals under the age of 18 is a violation of the eighth amendment.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Roper v.Simmons
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Miller v.Alabama

Question 57

A ______ occurs when a case involving youths of a particular age, combined with a specific category of offense (usually involving serious and violent felonies) are automatically sent to criminal court.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislative waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)formal waiver

Question 58

In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for non-homicide crimes.

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Roper v.Simmons
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Miller v.Alabama

Question 59

Which of the following racial/ethnic groups makes up on one percent of cases across all offense types?

A)African American
B)White
C)Hispanic/Latino
D)American Indian

Question 60

A juvenile ______ is when a case is transferred to the adult criminal court for processing.

A)referral
B)waiver
C)disposition
D)transfer

Question 61

The juvenile justice process essentially involves three stages: intake, adjudication, and disposition.

Question 62

Truancy is not considered a delinquent act for juveniles.

Question 63

The majority of youth are held in detention (short-term residential) facilities or long-term, secure residential facilities.

Question 64

Dependence refers NOT only to those acts that would be considered criminal under the law but also to status offenses.

Question 65

The House of Refuge was formed in Chicago in 1825.

Question 66

Dependency cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

Question 67

Youth court programs use a victim- and community-centered approach designed to repair the harms caused by the delinquent behavior.

Question 68

The purpose of a boot camp setting is to incorporate physical training, discipline, and leadership training with other traditional treatment resources, such as counseling and education.

Question 69

The term pauperism means "undeserving poor."

Question 70

In the case of Kent v.U.S., the Supreme court ruled that juveniles are entitled to due process rights including notification of charges, protection against self-incrimination, and the right to attorney.

Question 71

Family-based treatment diversion programs provide a therapeutic approach NOT only for the offender but for the parents and siblings as well.

Question 72

The juvenile court has jurisdiction over two types of cases: delinquency and dependency.

Question 73

Parens patriae translates to "the best interests of the child."

Question 74

Running away from home is a status offense for a juvenile.

Question 75

Legal custody means that the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child.

Question 76

The first juvenile court was established in New York in 1899.

Question 77

A technical violation means that the youth did NOT commit a new crime; rather, she or he was punished for breaking the terms and conditions of community supervision.

Question 78

Diversion allows for a youth to complete a set of requirements in lieu of being processed by the juvenile court.

Question 79

In the case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have a right to a trial by jury.

Question 80

A technical violation can also include status offenses.