Deck 4: Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Question 1

When a solution is diluted with water, the ratio of the initial to final volumes of solution is equal to the ratio of final to initial molarities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Reduction is the loss of electrons.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

All acid-base reactions produce a salt and water as the only products.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In a redox reaction, the reducing agent undergoes loss of electrons.

Question 5

The combustion of an element is always a combination reaction.

Question 6

Lithium hydroxide is used in alkaline batteries. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.495 moles of LiOH in enough water to give a final volume of 750. mL.

A)1.99 M
B)1.50 M
C)1.12 M
D)0.502 M
E)0.00199 M

Question 7

A 0.150 M sodium chloride solution is referred to as a physiological saline solution because it has the same concentration of salts as normal human blood. Calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 275.0 mL of a physiological saline solution.

A)41.3 g
B)31.9 g
C)16.1 g
D)8.77 g
E)2.41 g

Question 8

In an acid-base (neutralization) reaction the equivalence point is the point where the indicator changes color.

Question 9

Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is used to neutralize acids and to treat cellulose in making of cellophane. Calculate the number of moles of solute in 1.875 L of 1.356 M NaOH solution.

A)2.543 mol
B)1.383 mol
C)0.7232 mol
D)0.3932 mol
E)0.001383 mol

Question 10

Some covalent compounds dissolve in water to produce conducting solutions.

Question 11

Sodium chlorate is used as an oxidizer in the manufacture of dyes, explosives, and matches. Calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 1.575 L of 0.00250 M NaClO₃ (ℳ = 106.45 g/mol).

A)419 g
B)169 g
C)0.419 g
D)0.169 g
E)0.00394 g

Question 12

All combustion reactions are classified as combination reactions.

Question 13

The correct method for preparing one liter of a 1.0 M solution of X is to dissolve exactly one mole of X in exactly one liter of water.

Question 14

A combination reaction may also be a displacement reaction.

Question 15

In an acid-base (neutralization) reaction the indicator will change color at the end point.

Question 16

In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent undergoes loss of electrons.

Question 17

A particular reaction may be both a precipitation and an acid-base (neutralization) reaction.

Question 18

Covalent compounds, dissolved in water, never produce conducting solutions.

Question 19

Oxidation is associated with an increase in oxidation number.

Question 20

Hydrochloric acid is widely used as a laboratory reagent in refining ore for the production of tin and tantalum, and as a catalyst in organic reactions. Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 62.85 mL of 0.453 M hydrochloric acid.

A)28.5 mol
B)1.04 mol
C)0.139 mol
D)0.0285 mol
E)0.00721 mol

Question 21

How many mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃, 16.0 M) should be diluted with water in order to make 2.00 L of 2.00 M solution?

A)32.0 mL
B)62.5 mL
C)125 mL
D)250 mL
E)500 mL

Question 22

Which of the following solutions will be the poorest conductor of electrical current?

A)sucrose, C ₁₂H ₂₂O ₁₁( aq)
B)Sodium chloride, NaCl( aq)
C)Potassium nitrate, KNO ₃( aq)
D)Lithium hydroxide, LiOH( aq)
E)Sulfuric acid, H ₂SO ₄( aq)

Question 23

How many moles of ions are released when 1.6 mol of ammonium phosphate, (NH₄)₃PO₄, is dissolved in water?

A)0.40 mol
B)1.6 mol
C)3.2 mol
D)4.8 mol
E)6.4 mol

Question 24

How many moles of ions are released when 0.27 mol of cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl₂, is dissolved in water?

A)0.81 mol
B)0.54 mol
C)0.27 mol
D)0.18 mol
E)0.090 mol

Question 25

Which one of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water?

A)Na ₂S
B)PbI ₂
C)AgCl
D)CuS
E)Ca ₃(PO ₄)₂

Question 26

What will be the final volume of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL of 8.25 M sodium hydroxide to a concentration of 2.40 M?

A)330 mL
B)210 mL
C)86 mL
D)60 mL
E)7.3 mL

Question 27

Which of the following solutions will be the best conductor of electrical current?

A)Methyl alcohol, CH ₃OH( aq)
B)Glucose, C ₆H ₁₂O ₆( aq)
C)Potassium chloride, KCl( aq)
D)Bromine, Br ₂( aq)
E)Ethylene glycol, C ₂H ₆O ₂( aq)

Question 28

When 2.61 g of solid Na₂CO₃ is dissolved in sufficient water to make 250. mL of solution, the concentration of Na₂CO₃ is:

A)0.0246 M
B)10.4 M
C)0.205 M
D)0.0985 M
E)0.141 M

Question 29

What volume, in L, of 10.0 M HCl is needed to make 2.00 L of 2.00 M HCl solution by dilution with water?

A)0.800 L
B)0.400 L
C)0.200 L
D)0.100 L
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Calculate the molarity of a 23.55-mL solution which contains 28.24 mg of sodium sulfate (used in dyeing and printing textiles, ℳ = 139.04 g/mol).

A)8.625 M
B)1.199 M
C)0.8339 M
D)0.2031 M
E)0.008625 M

Question 31

How many moles of H⁺(aq) ions are present in 750 mL of 0.65 M hydrochloric acid?

A)1.2 mol
B)0.98 mol
C)0.87 mol
D)0.65 mol
E)0.49 mol

Question 32

How many sodium ions are present in 325 mL of 0.850 M Na₂SO₄?

A)1.66 × 10 ₂₃ sodium ions
B)3.33 × 10 ₂₃ sodium ions
C)4.99 × 10 ₂₃ sodium ions
D)6.20 × 10 ₂₃ sodium ions
E)1.57 × 10 ₂₄ sodium ions

Question 33

1.0M aqueous solutions of the following substances are prepared. Which one would you expect to have the lowest electrical conductivity?

A)NaOH
B)CH ₃CH ₂OH (ethanol)
C)KBr
D)CH ₃COOH (acetic acid)
E)HClO ₄

Question 34

Potassium carbonate, K₂CO₃, sodium iodide, NaI, potassium bromide, KBr, methanol, CH₃OH, and ammonium chloride, NH₄Cl, are soluble in water. Which produces the largest number of dissolved particles per mole of dissolved solute?

A)K ₂CO ₃
B)NaI
C)KBr
D)CH ₃OH
E)NH ₄Cl

Question 35

Which one of the following ionic compounds is insoluble in water?

A)Na ₃PO ₄
B)AgNO ₃
C)NaCl
D)CaCO ₃
E)MgCl ₂

Question 36

Which of the following will be least soluble in water?

A)Potassium sulfate, K ₂SO ₄
B)Ammonium nitrate, NH ₄NO ₃
C)Chloromethane, CH ₃Cl
D)Calcium chloride, CaCl ₂
E)Ethanol, C ₂H ₆O

Question 37

Potassium chloride, KCl, sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄, glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, carbon dioxide, CO₂ and ammonium phosphate, (NH₄)₃PO₄, are soluble in water. Which one produces the largest number of dissolved particles per mole of dissolved solute?

A)KCI
B)Na ₂SO ₄
C)C ₆H ₁₂O ₆
D)CO ₂
E)(NH ₄)₃PO ₄

Question 38

Which of the following is most soluble in water?

A)Benzene, C ₆H ₆
B)Potassium nitrate, KNO ₃
C)Carbon tetrachloride, CCl ₄
D)Hexane, C ₆H ₁₄
E)Ethane, C ₂H ₄

Question 39

How many moles of H⁺(aq) ions are present in 1.25 L of 0.75 M nitric acid?

A)0.60 mol
B)0.75 mol
C)0.94 mol
D)1.7 mol
E)1.9 mol

Question 40

Calcium chloride is used to melt ice and snow on roads and sidewalks and to remove water from organic liquids. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 165 mL of 0.688 M calcium chloride to 925.0 mL.

A)3.86 M
B)0.743 M
C)0.222 M
D)0.123 M
E)0.114 M

Question 41

Select the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed. Mg(CH₃COO)₂(aq) + LiOH(aq) →

A)LiCH ₃COO
B)Li(CH ₃COO)₂
C)MgOH
D)Mg(OH)₂
E)CH ₃OH

Question 42

What, if any, are the spectator ions when aqueous solutions of HBr and RbOH neutralize each other?

A)H ⁺ and OH ⁻
B)H ⁺ and Rb ⁺
C)Rb ⁺ and Br ⁻
D)Br ^- and OH ⁻
E)There are no spectator ions in this reaction.

Question 43

Which of the following is a strong acid?

A)H ₃PO ₄
B)HNO ₃
C)HF
D)CH ₃COOH
E)H ₂O

Question 44

Which of the following is a weak acid?

A)H ₂SO ₄
B)HNO ₃
C)HF
D)HBr
E)HCl

Question 45

In the following reaction, what ions, if any, are spectator ions? Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl₂(s) + 2NaNO₃(aq)

A)Pb ²⁺( aq), Cl ⁻( aq)
B)Na ⁺( aq), NO ₃ ⁻( aq)
C)Pb ²⁺( aq), NO ₃ ⁻( aq)
D)Na ⁺( aq), Cl ⁻( aq)
E)There are no spectator ions.

Question 46

A base

A)causes phenolphthalein indicator to change from colorless to pink.
B)donates a proton in a proton transfer reaction.
C)accepts electrons in an electron transfer reaction.
D)produces hydrogen ions in solution.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 47

Select the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed. Na₂CO₃(aq) + BaCl₂(aq) →

A)Ba ₂CO ₃
B)BaCO ₃
C)NaCl
D)NaCl ₂
E)BaO

Question 48

Magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃, is insoluble. Identify the spectator ions when aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and magnesium chloride are combined.

A)Mg ²⁺ and CO ₃ ²⁻
B)Na ⁺ and Cl ⁻
C)Mg ²⁺ and Cl ⁻
D)Na ⁺ and CO ₃ ²⁻
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 49

Copper(II) sulfide, CuS, is used in the development of aniline black dye in textile printing. What is the maximum mass of CuS which can be formed when 38.0 mL of 0.500 M CuCl₂ are mixed with 42.0 mL of 0.600 M (NH₄)₂S? Aqueous ammonium chloride is the other product.

A)2.41 g
B)1.82 g
C)1.21 g
D)0.909 g
E)0.044 g

Question 50

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between sodium chloride and mercury(I) nitrate. 2NaCl(aq) + Hg₂(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2NaNO₃(aq) + Hg₂Cl₂(s)

A)Na ⁺( aq)+ NO ₃ ⁻( aq)→ NaNO ₃( aq)
B)Hg ₂ ²⁺( aq)+ 2Cl ⁻( aq)→ Hg ₂Cl ₂(s)
C)NaCl( aq)→ Na ⁺( aq)+ Cl ⁻( aq)
D)Hg ₂(NO ₃)₂( aq)→ Hg ₂ ²⁺( aq)+ 2NO ₃ ⁻( aq)
E)Hg ₂ ²⁺( aq)→ Hg ₂( s)

Question 51

Which one of the following substances is the best electrolyte?

A)CO
B)CH ₃Cl
C)CH ₄
D)C ₂H ₅OH
E)HCl

Question 52

Which, if any, of the following properties applies to weak acids?

A)They are strong electrolytes.
B)They are excellent conductors of electricity.
C)When dissolved in water, they do not ionize completely.
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 53

Select the precipitate that forms when aqueous lead(II) nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium sulfate.

A)NaNO ₃
B)Na ₂NO ₃
C)PbSO ₄
D)Pb ₂SO ₄
E)PbS

Question 54

Consider the reaction: 3Co²⁺(aq) + 6NO₃(aq) + 6Na⁺(aq) + 2PO₄^3-(aq) → Co₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6Na⁺(aq) + 6NO₃(aq)
Identify the net ionic equation for this reaction.

A)Na ⁺( aq) + NO ₃ ⁻( aq)→ NaNO ₃( aq)
B)3Co ²⁺( aq)+ NO ₃ ⁻( aq)+ Na ⁺( aq)+ 2PO ₄ ³⁻( aq)→ Co ₃(PO ₄)₂( s)+ NaNO ₃( aq)
C)3Co ²⁺( aq)+ 6NO ₃ ⁻( aq)+ 6Na ⁺( aq)+ 2PO ₄ ³⁻( aq)→ Co ₃(PO ₄)₂( s)+ 6NaNO ₃( aq)
D)3Co ²⁺( aq)+ 2PO ₄ ³⁻( aq)→ Co ₃(PO ₄)₂( s)
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 55

An acid

A)produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
B)changes the color of phenolphthalein indicator from colorless to pink.
C)donates electrons in an electron transfer reaction.
D)donates protons in a proton transfer reaction.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 56

Which of the following is a strong base?

A)NH ₃
B)Ca(OH)₂
C)Al(OH)₃
D)B(OH)₃
E)CH ₃OH

Question 57

Which one of the following substances, when dissolved in water at equal molar concentrations, will give the solution with the lowest electrical conductivity?

A)CaCl ₂
B)HNO ₃
C)NH ₃
D)C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ (glucose)
E)CO ₂

Question 58

Select the precipitate that forms when aqueous ammonium sulfide reacts with aqueous copper(II) nitrate.

A)CuS
B)Cu ₂S
C)NH ₄NO ₃
D)NH ₄(NO ₃)₂
E)CuSO ₄

Question 59

Select the correct name and chemical formula for the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed. CoSO₄(aq) + (NH₄)₃PO₄(aq) →

A)cobalt(II)phosphate, Co ₃(PO ₄)₂
B)cobalt(III)phosphate, Co ₃(PO ₄)₂
C)cobalt(II)phosphate, CoPO ₄
D)cobalt(III)phosphate, CoPO ₄
E)ammonium sulfate, (NH ₄)₂SO ₄

Question 60

Select the correct name and chemical formula for the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed. CuCl₂(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) →

A)copper(I)carbonate, Cu ₂CO ₃
B)copper(II)carbonate, Cu ₂CO ₃
C)copper(I)carbonate, CuCO ₃
D)copper(II)carbonate, CuCO ₃
E)sodium chloride, NaCl

Question 61

Select the best statement relating to the following reaction: 2MnO₂(s) + KClO₃(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → 2KMnO₄(aq) + KCl(aq) + H₂O(l)

A)Mn in MnO ₂ is oxidized.
B)O in KClO ₃ is the oxidizing agent.
C)K in KClO ₃ is the reducing agent.
D)H in KOH is oxidized.
E)Cl in KClO ₃ is the reducing agent.

Question 62

In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred

A)from the substance being oxidized to the reducing agent.
B)from the oxidizing agent to the reducing agent.
C)from the substance being reduced to the oxidizing agent.
D)from the substance being oxidized to the substance being reduced.
E)from the substance being reduced to the substance being oxidized.

Question 63

Which of the statements below correctly describes the combustion of glucose, shown below? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

A)Hydrogen in C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is being reduced.
B)Oxygen in O ₂ is being oxidized.
C)Hydrogen in C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is the reducing agent.
D)Oxygen in C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is the oxidizing agent.
E)Carbon in C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is being oxidized.

Question 64

A standard solution of 0.243 M NaOH was used to determine the concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution. If 46.33 mL of NaOH is needed to neutralize 10.00 mL of the acid, what is the molar concentration of the acid?

A)0.0524 M
B)0.888 M
C)1.13 M
D)2.26 M
E)2.43 M

Question 65

Ammonia, NH₃, produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution by

A)donating a proton to an acid molecule.
B)donating a proton to a water molecule.
C)donating a hydrogen ion to a water molecule.
D)accepting an electron from an acid molecule.
E)accepting a proton from a water molecule.

Question 66

Calculate the oxidation number of the chlorine in perchloric acid, HClO₄, a strong oxidizing agent.

A)−1
B)+4
C)+5
D)+7
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 67

Sodium tripolyphosphate is used in detergents to make them effective in hard water. Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in Na₅P₃O₁₀.

A)+3
B)+5
C)+10
D)+15
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 68

Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, dissolved in water. A 5.54-g sample of vinegar was neutralized by 30.10 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. What is the percent by weight of acetic acid in the vinegar?

A)0.184%
B)1.63%
C)3.26%
D)5.43%
E)9.23%

Question 69

The oxidation numbers of P, S, and Cl in H₂PO₂^-, H₂S, and KClO₄ are, respectively

A)−1, −1, +3.
B)−1, −2, +7.
C)+1, −2, +7.
D)−1, −2, +3.
E)+1, +2, +7.

Question 70

Which of the following is a weak base?

A)NH ₃
B)Ca(OH)₂
C)Ba(OH)₂
D)NaOH
E)CH ₃COOH

Question 71

Sodium thiosulfate, Na₂S₂O₃, is used as a "fixer" in black and white photography. Identify the reducing agent in the reaction of thiosulfate with iodine. 2S₂O₃^2-(aq) + I₂(aq) → S₄O₆^2-(aq) + 2I^-(aq)

A)I ₂( aq)
B)I ⁻( aq)
C)S ₂O ₃ ²⁻( aq)
D)S ₄O ₆ ²⁻( aq)
E)S ₂O ₃ ²⁻( aq)and I ⁻( aq)

Question 72

Identify the oxidizing agent in the following redox reaction. Hg²⁺(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu²⁺(aq) + Hg(l)

A)Hg ²⁺( aq)
B)Cu( s)
C)Cu ²⁺( aq)
D)Hg( l)
E)Hg ²⁺( aq)and Cu ²⁺( aq)

Question 73

A 0.00100 mol sample of Ca(OH)₂ requires 25.00 mL of aqueous HCl for neutralization according to the reaction below. What is the concentration of the HCl? Equation: Ca(OH)₂(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l)

A)0.0200 M
B)0.0400 M
C)0.0800 M
D)4.00 × 10 ⁻⁵ M
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 74

Which one of the following substances is a strong acid?

A)HNO ₃
B)H ₂CO ₃
C)NH ₃
D)CH ₃COOH
E)H ₃PO ₄

Question 75

Select the correct set of products for the following reaction. Ba(OH)₂(aq) + HNO₃(aq) →

A)BaN ₂( s)+ H ₂O( l)
B)Ba(NO ₃)₂( aq)+ H ₂O( l)
C)Ba( s)+ H ₂( g)+ NO ₂( g)
D)Ba ₂O( s)+ NO ₂( g)+ H ₂O( l)
E)No reaction occurs.

Question 76

What is the oxidation number of iodine in I₂.

A)−1
B)0
C)+1
D)+7
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 77

Automobile batteries use 3.0 M H₂SO₄ as an electrolyte. How much 1.20 M NaOH will be needed to neutralize 225 mL of battery acid? H₂SO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2H₂O(l) + Na₂SO₄(aq)

A)0.045 L
B)0.28 L
C)0.56 L
D)0.90 L
E)1.1 L

Question 78

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid. LiOH(aq) + HBr(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiBr(aq)

A)LiOH( aq)→ Li ⁺( aq)+ OH ⁻( aq)
B)HBr( aq)→ H ⁺( aq)+ Br ⁻( aq)
C)H ⁺( aq)+ OH ⁻( aq)→ H ₂O( l)
D)Li ⁺( aq)+ Br ⁻( aq)→ LiBr( aq)
E)Li ⁺(aq)+ OH ⁻(aq)+ H ⁺(aq)+ Br ⁻(aq)→ H ₂O(l)+ LiBr(aq)

Question 79

Calculate the oxidation number of sulfur in sodium metabisulfite, Na₂S₂O₅.

A)−2
B)+2
C)+4
D)+5
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 80

How many milliliters of 1.58 M HCl are needed to react completely with 23.2 g of NaHCO₃ (ℳ = 84.02 g/mol)? HCl(aq) + NaHCO₃(s) → NaCl(s) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

A)638 mL
B)572 mL
C)536 mL
D)276 mL
E)175 mL