Deck 32: The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933-1939

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Frances Perkins

Answer 1

Student answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Mary McLeod Bethune

Answer 2

Student answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Huey Long

Answer 3

Student answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Harold Ickes

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Robert F. Wagner

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​the election of 1932

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Pearl Buck

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"the forgotten man"

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
parity

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
George W. Norris

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
John Maynard Keynes

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
John L. Lewis

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Alfred M. Landon

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
John Steinbeck

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ruth Benedict

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Harry Hopkins

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles Coughlin

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Francis Townsend

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Works Progress Administration

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Brain Trust

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Every Man a King"

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
National Labor Relations Board

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Dust Bowl

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Federal Housing Administration

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Securities and Exchange Commission

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
the "three Rs"

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Congress of Industrial Organizations

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
National Recovery Act

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Glass-Steagall Act

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Schechter case

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Social Security Act

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
New Deal

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Public Works Administration

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Hundred Days

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Agricultural Adjustment Act

Question 41

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
sit-down strike

Question 42

Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.

A)education
B)domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt
C)family ties with Teddy Roosevelt
D)affliction with infantile paralysis
E)service in World War I

Question 43

Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by

A)restoring the gold standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency.
B)nationalizing the ten largest banks in the United States.
C)providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks.
D)establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee deposits.
E)closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.

Question 44

The phrase Hundred Days refers to the

A)worst months of the Great Depression.
B)time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression.
C)flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.
D)"lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration.
E)time that all banks were closed by FDR.

Question 45

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Keynesianism

Question 46

The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was

A)the collapse of nearly the entire banking system.
B)runaway inflation.
C)the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father Coughlin.
D)the near collapse of international trade.
E)riots by unemployed workers and farmers unable to sell their goods.

Question 47

While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover unsuccessfully tried to get the president-elect to commit to

A)maintaining a balanced federal budget.
B)renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff.
C)an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible.
D)appointing some Republicans to his cabinet.
E)a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.

Question 48

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Roosevelt (New Deal) coalition

Question 49

The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for

A)extensive social reforms and a balanced budget.
B)deficit spending and a higher military budget.
C)higher tariffs and support for American manufacturers.
D)a sixty percent tax on the income of the highest tow percent of American income earners.
E)breaking up monopolistic corporations and supporting small business.

Question 50

When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933

A)Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority.
B)he knew exactly what he wanted to do.
C)he received unprecedented congressional support.
D)he rejected a pragmatic approach to governing the country.
E)he at first proceeded cautiously.

Question 51

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Indian Reorganization Act

Question 52

The Glass-Steagall Act

A)took the United States off the gold standard.
B)empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily.
C)created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange.
D)permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings.
E)created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

Question 53

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Liberty League

Question 54

The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was

A)women who worked outside the home.
B)financial professionals connected to Wall Street.
C)African Americans.
D)skilled factory workers.
E)recent immigrants.

Question 55

In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by

A)nationalizing all banks and major industries.
B)mobilizing America's youth as in wartime.
C)returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism.
D)continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover.
E)experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

Question 56

Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through

A)running for local offices in New York state.
B)her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations.
C)her long resistance to Franklin Roosevelt's personal infidelities.
D)her personal association with women's colleges and sororities.
E)sitting in on Franklin Roosevelt's cabinet meetings when he was governor of New York.

Question 57

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Court-packing plan

Question 58

The Works Progress Administration was a major ____ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range ____ program; and the Social Security Act was a major ____ program.

A)relief; recovery; reform
B)reform; recovery; relief
C)recovery; relief; reform
D)relief; reform; recovery
E)reform; relief; recovery

Question 59

One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that

A)the South had shifted to the Republican party.
B)Democrats made political gains in the normally rock-ribbed Republican western states like Kansas.
C)despite the calamity of the Great Depression, the popular and the electoral vote for president was surprisingly close.
D)a clear gender gap opened up in which more women favored the Democrats.
E)African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.

Question 60

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​"a switch in time saves nine"

Question 61

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to

A)reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government.
B)encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims.
C)reinforce the coercive assimilation policies since the Dawes Act of 1887.
D)pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government.
E)persuade Native Americans to give up their native crafts and tribal traditions.

Question 62

Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.

A)shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition
B)limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment
C)rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office
D)ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration
E)expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition

Question 63

President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was

A)George Norris.
B)John L.Lewis.
C)Mary McLeod Bethune.
D)Harry Hopkins.
E)David Lilienthal.

Question 64

The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from

A)Marxism, Leninism, and European socialism.
B)the principles of early twentieth-century laissez-faire economists such as Freidrich Hayek.
C)Mussolini's fascism and Hitler's Nazism.
D)U.S.wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models.
E)the late nineteenth-century utopian literature of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

Question 65

The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to

A)prohibit completely the sale of stocks on margin (i.e.with borrowed funds).
B)force stockbrokers to register with the federal government.
C)prevent interlocking directorates and business pyramiding schemes.
D)provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices.
E)stop the practice of establishing interlocking directorates on America's corporate boards that produced controversial conflicts-of-interest in the governance of American businesses.

Question 66

The New Deal program of the following agency represented the most economically complex, managerially ambitious, and unsuccessful New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy

A)Public Works Administration.
B)National Recovery Administration.
C)Tennessee Valley Authority.
D)National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act).
E)Social Security Administration.

Question 67

Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to

A)Oklahoma.
B)Arizona.
C)Nevada.
D)Oregon.
E)California.

Question 68

Some Native Americans denounced the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 because its provisions

A)encouraged Native Americans to create and promote a faux museum piece livelihood and embrace certain native traditions and lifestyles incompatible with the modern twentieth-century world.
B)continued to promote coercive assimilation policies.
C)discouraged the establishment and sound management of local self-governments.
D)ignored the increasing loss of Indian lands to real estate and commercial development and environmental degradation.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 69

Probably the most radically economic New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism by Republican and conservative critics of President Roosevelt's administration was the

A)Indian Reorganization Act.
B)Social Security Act.
C)Agricultural Adjustment Act.
D)Federal Housing Administration.
E)Tennessee Valley Authority.

Question 70

Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because

A)he thought it was unconstitutional.
B)he believed the problem of drunkenness could be solved by restricting alcohol content to 3.2 percent by weight.
C)he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.
D)he needed support from the repeal movement to gain reelection.
E)drys - those who opposed alcohol - were an increasingly small segment of the population.

Question 71

Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to

A)stimulate inflation.
B)reduce the traded price of gold.
C)reduce the traded price of silver.
D)reduce the amount of money in circulation.
E)shake up the Federal Reserve Board.

Question 72

In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to

A)help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.
B)place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed.
C)move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl.
D)find jobs for farmers in industry.
E)help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.

Question 73

The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by

A)raising the tariff.
B)imposing a tax on the sale of farms.
C)selling government surplus grain.
D)increasing taxes on the wealthy.
E)taxing processors of farm products.

Question 74

All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except

A)dry-farming techniques.
B)unprecedented drought and wind storms of the trans-Mississippi Great Plains.
C)farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.
D)the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains.
E)soil erosion.

Question 75

Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to

A)nationalize all banks and public utility companies.
B)make Jews pay for causing the Great Depression.
C)help farmers and workers organize to resist the power of corporations.
D)provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security payment.
E)"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000.

Question 76

All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except

A)there were about three million men in the program.
B)the men were mostly young, hired to work in fresh-air camps.
C)many of the men had criminal records.
D)they worked on reforestation, flood control and swamp drainage projects.
E)CCC workers helped families by sending most of their paychecks home.

Question 77

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by

A)reducing agricultural production.
B)subsidizing American farm exports overseas.
C)increasing agricultural production for certain crops in high consumer demand.
D)helping farmers to pay their mortgages.
E)creating farm cooperatives.

Question 78

The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because

A)businesses and labor aggressively and universally resisted any regulation of wages, prices, and hours by the agency.
B)it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.
C)Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator.
D)it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management.
E)the agency did not have enough power to control business.

Question 79

By putting thousands of people immediately to work at good-paying jobs and providing access to low-cost electricity to a region lacking cheap electrical power, the _____ proved to be immensely popular among those Americans it served.

A)the Public Works Administration
B)Agricultural Adjustment Act
C)National Recovery Administration
D)Civilian Conservation Corps
E)Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 80

The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they

A)acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley.
B)found steady work in the canning industry.
C)found themselves mired in poverty, squalor, and lack of economic opportunity in the San Joaquin Valley.
D)joined reactionary, quasi-fascist organizations in protest of Roosevelt's economic policies.
E)formed mutually supportive evangelical religious communes.